APUSH test
Pinckney's Treaty with Spain is considered a diplomatic highlight of Washington's administration because it A allowed the United States to use the port of New Orleans B ceded Florida to the United States C invited Americans to settle in Texas D opened Spanish Caribbean ports to American trade E withdrew Spain's military forces from the Caribbean
A
To make the new government viable, the first Congress of the United States did all of the following EXCEPT A organize a federal court system under the Supreme Court B draft a bill of rights and send it to the states for ratification C pass a tariff for the purpose of raising revenue D grant subsidies to encourage industrial development E establish the State Department
D
Which of the following was true of the Continental Congress in its drafting of the Articles of Confederation? A It was cautious about giving the new government powers it had just denied Parliament. B It gave Congress the exclusive right to issue currency. C It gave the national court system the power to review both national and state law. D It gave Congress control of interstate commerce. E It rejected the arguments of men like Samuel Adams and Richard Henry Lee who feared strong governments.
A
The illustration above was most likely meant to symbolize which of the following? A The principles of republican agrarianism B Improvements in agricultural technology C Popular sovereignty D Large-scale Plains farming E The cult of domesticity
A
The primary purpose of the Stamp Act was to A raise revenues to support British troops stationed in America B reduce colonial consumption of foreign goods C fund the colonial postal system D impose a mercantilist system on the colonies E reduce the authority of the colonial legislatures
A
Under the Articles of Confederation the United States central government had no power to A levy taxes B make treaties C declare war D request troops from states E amend the Articles
A
Which of the following contributed most to the American Victory in the Revolution? A French military and financial assistance B The failure of Loyalists to participate in military action C A major American military victory at Valley Forge D Support the French Canadians E The British failure to capture Philadelphia
A
Which of the following most accurately describes the attitude of the Founding Fathers toward political parties? A Parties are vehicles of ambition and selfish interest that threaten the existence of republican government. B Parties are engines of democracy that provide citizens with a voice in government. C Parties are necessary evils in any republic. D In a large republic, parties are the best means of creating effective coalitions of interest groups. E A two-party system is essential to a stable republic.
A
Which of the following was true of the United States Constitution as adopted at the Constitutional Convention? A It was built on a series of compromises. B It provided exact specifications covering all aspects of government. C It was a revised version of the English Constitution. D It included a Bill of Rights. E It allowed all male citizens over the age of twenty-one to vote.
A
"Be it enacted ... That after the five and twentieth day of March, 1698, no goods or merchandizes whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation to his Majesty, in Asia, Africa, or America ... in any ship or bottom, but what is or shall be of the built of England, Ireland, or the said colonies or plantations ... and navigated with the masters and three fourths of the mariners of the said places only ... under pain of forfeiture of ships and goods." — English Parliament, Navigation Act, 1696 One direct long-term effect of the Navigation Act was that it A promoted commercial treaties with Spain and France throughout the 1700s B contributed to the rise of opposition that ultimately fostered the independence movement C encouraged colonists in North America to expand trade agreements with American Indians D led to the imposition of heavy taxes on the North American colonists in the early 1700s
B
"In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies." The appeal quoted above was made by A Judith Sargent Murray B Abigail Adams C Philip Freneau D Mercy Otis Warren E Thomas Paine
B
"May it . . . please your most excellent Majesty, that it may be declared . . . in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That the said colonies and plantations in America have been, are, and of right ought to be, subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial crown and parliament of Great Britain; . . . and [they] of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America, subjects of the crown of Great Britain, in all cases whatsoever." The Declaratory Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1766 Which of the following contributed most directly to the enactment of the law in the excerpt? A The increasing divergence between colonial and British culture in the 1700s B Debates over how Britain's colonies should bear the cost of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) C The drafting of a declaration of independence for Britain's colonies in North America D Conflicts between colonists and British army leaders over recognizing Native American sovereignty
B
Although Congress accepted most of Alexander Hamilton's economic proposals, it rejected his A Report on the Public Credit B call for direct subsidies to manufacturers C plans for a Bank of the United States D call for a whiskey tax E call for a tariff
B
The Declaration of Independence did all of the following EXCEPT A appeal to the philosophy of natural rights B call for the abolition of the slave trade C appeal to the sympathies if the English people D criticize the provisions of the Quebec Act of 1774 E accuse George III of tyranny
B
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions took the position that A only the United States Supreme Court had the power to restrict freedom of speech and press B the authority of state governments included the power to decide whether or not an act of Congress was constitutional C only fiscal measures initiated by state legislatures could be acted on by Congress D Congress was responsible for maintaining the vitality of a "loyal opposition" political party E the "supremacy clause" of the Constitution applied only to foreign affairs
B
The argument between Great Britain and its American colonies during the 1760's and 1770's over "virtual representation" concerned A patterns of legislative apportionment in the colonial assemblies B Parliament's ability to reflect colonial interests C the lack of colonial participation in negotiating the Treaty of Paris D the increasing use of juryless admiralty courts in the colonies E the representation of "free men of color" in colonial assemblies
B
The financial programs of Alexander Hamilton included all of the following EXCEPT A funding of the national debt B nullification of all private debts to the states C imposition of a tax on distilled liquor D establishment of the Bank of the United States E assumption of all state debts
B
The primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 was to A encourage westward colonial migration B avoid conflict with the trans-Appalachian Indians C gain much-needed revenue D drive out French colonists E provide a haven for Catholics
B
The principal motivation for drafting the Bill of Rights was the desire to A test the new process of amendment described in the Constitution B protect rights not specified in the Constitution C strengthen the power of the federal government D restore to the states the powers they had enjoyed under the Articles of Confederation E clarify the federal relationship among the states
B
Which of the following contributed most directly to the change in the number of Africans transported to the New World after 1800? A The emergence of a more industrial economy in Great Britain and the United States B The outlawing of the international slave trade by Great Britain and the United States C The increased resistance to slavery within African nations D The influence of major slave rebellions in Haiti and elsewhere
B
Which of the following is a true statement about the Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolutionary War? A It resulted in the return of all property confiscated from Loyalists by individual American states during the war. B It recognized United States sovereignty over territory east of the Mississippi, between the Great Lakes and Florida. C It led to the speedy withdrawal of all British troops from American soil. D American negotiators consistently followed the guidelines specified by the Continental Congress. E The only parties to the treaty were Great Britain and the allied nations, the United States and France.
B
France negotiated a treaty of alliance with the new American nation in 1778 following A the defeat of the British General Burgoyne at Saratoga B American naval victories on the Great Lakes C the dispatch of an American peace mission to Britain D an ultimatum by American diplomats E a personal plea by George Washington
A
In 1787-1789, which of the following groups was most likely to oppose ratification of the Constitution? A Farmers in isolated areas B Export merchants C Former officers in the Continental Army D Southern planters E Urban artisans
A
"Be it enacted ... That after the five and twentieth day of March, 1698, no goods or merchandizes whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation to his Majesty, in Asia, Africa, or America ... in any ship or bottom, but what is or shall be of the built of England, Ireland, or the said colonies or plantations ... and navigated with the masters and three fourths of the mariners of the said places only ... under pain of forfeiture of ships and goods." — English Parliament, Navigation Act, 1696 The goals presented in the excerpt from the act have the most in common with which of the following? A Increases in the federal tariff in the 1820s B Progressive Era antitrust reforms in the 1900s C Free-trade policies in the 1990s D Federal tax reductions in the 2000s
A
"May it . . . please your most excellent Majesty, that it may be declared . . . in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That the said colonies and plantations in America have been, are, and of right ought to be, subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial crown and parliament of Great Britain; . . . and [they] of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America, subjects of the crown of Great Britain, in all cases whatsoever." The Declaratory Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1766 The actions described in the excerpt most immediately led to A Parliament strengthening its approach to generating new tax revenue in the North American colonies B major and sometimes violent conflicts emerging between the various colonial regions C a colonial convention to call for independence from Britain D Britain delegating greater authority to colonial assemblies
A
After the Revolution, the concept of the "republican mother" suggested that A women would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic B voting would soon become a privilege granted to educated and/or married women C the first duty of mothers was to serve the needs of government D wives and mothers would be welcome in the emerging political parties E women's virtues had been the inspiration for the ideals of the Revolution
A
All of the following contributed to discontent among soldiers in the Continental Army EXCEPT: A Most soldiers were draftees. B The soldiers feared for the welfare of families back home. C The army had inadequate arms and ammunition. D The army paid soldiers in depreciated paper money. E The army was inadequately fed and clothed.
A
By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in A the people B Parliament C state governments D factions E a centralized government
A
The "Three-Fifths Compromise" originally contained in the Constitution referred to the A proportion of states permitted to practice slavery B rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation C number of African Americans who could vote D number of adult women who could vote E number of American Indians allowed citizenship
B
"May it . . . please your most excellent Majesty, that it may be declared . . . in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That the said colonies and plantations in America have been, are, and of right ought to be, subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial crown and parliament of Great Britain; . . . and [they] of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America, subjects of the crown of Great Britain, in all cases whatsoever." The Declaratory Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1766 Debates over the claims of the British Parliament in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following later characteristics of the United States government? A The reservation of some governmental powers for the states B The enforcement of term limits for the president C The establishment of taxation power in Congress D The practice of judicial review by the Supreme Court
C
"The normal condition of all the territory of the United States is that of freedom. That as our Republican fathers, when they had abolished slavery in all our national [western] territory, ordained that 'no person should be deprived of life, liberty or property, without due process of law,' it becomes our duty by legislation, whenever such legislation is necessary, to maintain this provision of the Constitution against all attempts to violate it; and we deny the authority of Congress, of a territorial legislature, or of any individuals, to give legal existence to slavery in any territory of the United States." Republican Party platform, 1860 Which of the following best serves as evidence for the claim that "our Republican fathers . . . had abolished slavery in all our national territory"? A The ban on the trans-Atlantic slave trade implemented in 1808 B The relationship of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson to slavery C The provisions of the Northwest Ordinance regarding slavery D The agreement to count three-fifths of enslaved people for representation in Congress
C
Alexander Hamilton's economic program was designed primarily to A prepare the United States for war in the event Britain failed to vacate its posts in the Northwest B provide a platform for the fledgling Federalist Party's 1792 campaign C establish the financial stability and credit of the new government D ensure northern dominance over the southern states in order to abolish slavery E win broad political support for his own candidacy for the presidency in 1792
C
Parliament enacted the Stamp Act (1765) primarily to A regulate trade between the colonies and European nations B strengthen the communication network within the colonies C raise revenue to pay for British troops in the colonies D regulate commercial activity within colonies E control population movement to the colonial backcountry
C
The Stamp Act crisis was important in the coming of the American Revolution for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A The colonists demonstrated their willingness to use violence rather than legal means to frustrate British policy. B The crisis coincided with a British decision to garrison regular troops in American cities. C American patriots realized that British inflexibility made revolution virtually inevitable. D The British maintained that the colonies had no right to independence form parliamentary authority. E Patriot leaders claimed that the ac denied them their British birthrights.
C
Which of the following was true of the French-American Alliance formed in 1778? A It contributed little to the American victory in the Revolutionary War. B It restricted French naval activity to the high seas, far from the North American coast. C It influenced the British to offer generous peace terms in the Treaty of Paris in 1783. D It allowed the French to repossess their North American colonies lost in 1763. E It specifically prohibited the deployment of French troops on North American soil.
C
"May it . . . please your most excellent Majesty, that it may be declared . . . in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That the said colonies and plantations in America have been, are, and of right ought to be, subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial crown and parliament of Great Britain; . . . and [they] of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America, subjects of the crown of Great Britain, in all cases whatsoever." The Declaratory Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1766 Which of the following was the American colonists' immediate response to the attempts of the British Parliament to enforce the claims made in the excerpt? A They acceded to Parliament's authority to regulate colonial commerce. B They denied the power of the British king over the colonies. C They sought an alliance with France against Great Britain. D They initiated boycotts of imported British goods.
D
Alexander Hamilton's financial program was most favorable to A western farmers B war veterans C southern planters D eastern merchants E state bankers
D
As originally ratified, the United States Constitution provided for A political parties B a president cabinet C the direct election of senators D an electoral college E a two-term presidential limit
D
During the War for Independence, the principal reason the American government sought diplomatic recognition from foreign powers was to A rally all the states behind a common cause B convince the British of the justice of the American cause C make it easier to levy taxes on the citizens of the several states D facilitate the purchase of arms and borrowing of money from other nations E allow Von Steuben, Lafayette, and other Europeans to join the American army
D
In the United States, the Haitian rebellion of the 1790's prompted A the acquisition of Puerto Rico for colonization by emancipated slaves B a movement of free African American's to Haiti C the passage of a federal law increasing the severity of punishments for slave rebellions D an increased fear of slave revolts in the South E a military expedition of southern slaveholders to restore French rule in Haiti
D
President Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 was issues in response to A Spanish expansion in the Southeast B Dutch economic activity in the mid-Atlantic states C Canadian alliances with northern American Indians D French diplomatic overtures to invoke the Franco-American Alliance E English boycotts of selected American manufactures
D
The Federalist papers challenged the conventional political wisdom of the eighteenth century when they asserted that A a republican form of government could succeed only in small countries B limitations on the popular will led to tyranny C a weak central government was the only guarantee of individual rights D a large republic offered the best protection of minority rights E political parties were crucial to the success of the new government
D
The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, the Hartford Convention, and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest were similar in that all involved a defense of A freedom of the seas B freedom of speech C the institution of slavery D states' rights E presidential power in foreign affairs
D
The Northwest Ordinances did which of the following? A Provided for the annexation of the Oregon Territory. B Established reservations for Native Americans. C Granted settlers a free homestead of 160 acres. D Established the terms for settlement and admission of new states. E Banned slavery north of the 36° 30′ line.
D
The Proclamation of 1763 did which of the following? A Introduced a tax on tea. B Prohibited colonists from producing iron for the American market. C Forbade all colonial trade with the French West Indies. D Set a boundary along the crest of the Appalachians beyond which the English colonists were forbidden to settle. E Announced the reorganization of the colonial office under Parliament, rather than directly under the King-in-Council.
D
The election of 1800 has been referred to as constituting "another revolution" because A the House of Representatives decided the election B a Supreme Court decision was required to dislodge the Federalists C voter turnout increased dramatically D the party in power stepped down after losing the election E force was required to get John Adams to leave the White House
D
The rough map above was used by Thomas Jefferson to A plot American military strategy during the Revolution B give Lewis and Clark their instructions for exploration of the Mississippi C plan a system of frontier fortifications D begin planning the division of federal lands into new states E organize voluntary militia during the Black Hawk War
D
Which of the following most appropriately characterizes the violence exhibited in such episodes as Bacon's Rebellion, the Boston Tea Party, Shays' Rebellion, and the Whiskey Rebellion? A Most violence occurred in urban areas. B Most violence produced no deaths. C The level of violence subsided after the American Revolution. D Violence was directed at "outsiders" or representatives of distant authority. E Most violence occurred because of the intervention of foreign powers in American internal affairs.
D
A Maryland master placed the following newspaper advertisement in 1772 after Harry, his slave, had run away: "He has been seen about the Negro Quarters in Patuxent, but is supposed to have removed among his Acquaintances on Potomack; he is also well acquainted with a Negro of Mr. Wall's named Rachael; a few miles from that Quarter is his Aunt, and he may possibly be harboured thereabouts." Which of the following statements about conditions under slavery is best supported by the passage above? A. Slaves had no opportunity to develop their own culture and society. B. Slaves commonly formed settlements of their own away from the plantations. C. Slaves lived entirely independently of their masters. D. Slaves frequently associated with free Black people. E. Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations.
E
The Constitutional Convention designed the electoral college to A strengthen the legislative branch against the executive branch B strengthen the executive branch against the legislative branch C ensure the independence of the judiciary D protect the sovereignty of the states E insulate the presidency from the popular will
E