APUSH unit 13 test

Roosevelt's advisers who supported "New Freedom" wanted government * 2/2 A. to work together with business. B. to run key parts of the economy. C. to break up big companies. D. to set up welfare programs.

c

To get resources, the Japanese military invaded. * 2/2 A. Taiwan. B. Korea. C. Tibet. D. Manchuria.

d

1) The trial of Sacco and Vanzetti came to symbolize : A. a mistrust of immigrants. B. a prejudicial attitude toward Italian Americans. C. a turning point in race relations. D. the "Roaring Twenties" 2) Many people viewed Sacco and Vanzetti with suspicion because they were A. German immigrants and anarchists. B. German immigrants and socialists. C. Italian immigrants and anarchists. D. Italian immigrants and socialists.

1) A 2)C - In 1920 two Italian immigrants Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were arrested for an armed robbery in South Braintree, Massachusetts, in which a guard and paymaster were killed. - The two were never proven guilty, and many American intellectuals accused the State of Massachusetts of judicial murder by bowing to popular prejudice against foreigners. The judge was prejudiced because they were radicals (called them dammed dogs") and some of the evidence against them was invented. - It would be this same prejudice that also ended the great age of immigration.

One lasting effect of the Great Depression on the United States was that * A. many programs from the 1930s still exist B. big business never regained their former power C. women attained equal economic rights D. the Republican Party thereafter dominated the presidency and Congress Another lasting effect of the New Deal is that the federal government has A. taken control of many corporations. B. discouraged the growth of organized labor C. assumed more responsibility for the care of the needy D. lessened its role in the economy

1) a 2) c - Most dubious side effect of the New Deal system was the extraordinary growth in the size of government. Extensive government programs required huge bureaucracies to carry them out. - Federal employees rose from 1930 in 600,000 to 1 million in 1940 a total that would rise more radically during WWII. - created a federal welfare state - many amercans came to see it as the governments job to protect the people against the unpredictability and and instability of the free market.

Many Americans feared that the country was losing its traditional values and responded by joining a religious movement known as: A. Fundamentalism. B. Quakerism. C. Protestantism. D. Catholicism.The ideas and values that clashed during the John T. Scopes trial were A. social Darwinism versus pragmatism. B. progressivism versus laissez-faire government. C. traditional versus nontraditional roles for women. D. science versus religion. One of the results of the Fundamentalist Crusade was the * A. Sacco-Vanzetti Case. B. Scopes Monkey Trial. C. initiation of the Palmer Raids. D. emergence of flappers. The Butler Act : A. outlawed the teaching of creationism. B. outlawed the teaching of evolution. C. banned the making and sale of liquor. D. enforced the Eighteenth Amendment. Where did the debate over science and religion and their place in education take place during the summer of 1925? : A. at Billy Sunday's revivals. B. in the Scopes trial. C. in Florence Sabin's research. D. in Lyman Stewart's book, The Fundamentalist.

1)A 2) D 3)B 4)B The Fundamentalist Movement: - The modern consumer culture, relaxed ethics, and growing urbanism symbolized the nation's moral decline. - Small rural towns joined the religious movement known as Fundamentalism. - Meant to reassert the authority of the Bible - defending the Protestant faith against ideals that implied that human beings derived their moral behavior from society and nature, not God. - Believed in Creationism where God created the world as described in the Bible. Rejected Charles Darwin's theory of Evolution. -this would lead to the passage of the Butler Act in Tennessee in 1925 which would forbid evolution which scopes was taught teaching -prosecution was lead by William Jennings Bryan who argued the legal reasons - Clarence Darrow (defense) wanted to paint Bryan as a superstitious old fool. In other words, god was put on trial

1) After the Emergency Quota Act was passed, admission to the United States was based on immigrants' : A. literacy test scores. B. wealth. C. job skills. D. ethnic identity and national origin. 2)the National Origins Act of 1924 : A. banned Mexican immigrants from entering the United States. B. allotted a small portion of the quota to immigrants from Mexico. C. allotted a large portion of the quota to immigrants from Mexico. D. exempted Mexican from the quota system.

1)D. 2)D -The National Origins Act of 1924 was tightened to only 150,000 people and 2 percent of it nationals that had been residents in the base year of 1910. -banned immigrants from east asia Italy quota 6,000 used in the first month of every year. - The quotas for such Eastern and Southern countries as Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Italy were very low. In contrast old Immigrants northern and Western Europe quotas were generous and rarely filled. Great Britain quota 65,000 - total used 2500 per year. - Unions rejoiced at the tightening of immigration - being less competition for employment -employers desperately needed laborers for agriculture, mining, and railroad work. Mexican immigrants helped fill the need. -The National Origins Act of 1924 kept the Western Hemisphere from quota system as the demand for cheap farm labor - in California and the Southwest steadily increased, Mexican immigrants crossed the border in record numbers.

The National Industrial Recovery Act set up * 2/2 A. trusts to promote competition. B. codes of fair competition. C. three work shifts per day. D. laws banning unions. In the case Schechter v. U.S., the Supreme Court * A. struck down the first New Deal. B. struck down the NIRA. C. struck down deficit spending. D. struck down the Glass-Steagall Act.

1)b 2)b suspended the antitrust laws and allowed business, labor, and government to cooperate in setting up voluntary rules for each industry. - businesses would have to recognize the worker's rights to bargain collectively through unions and ensure that workers' wages would rise with prices. -set up the National Recovery Administration (no business could lower wages/prices beneath a floor in the name of a competitive advantage -set a 35-40 hour work week and set to abolish child labor - would lead to to schehter case: congress had unconstitutionally delegated powers to the president for its design which undermined checks and balances, also that the government had no right to regulate the poultry company's practices as it was not directly related to interstate commerce.

Franklin Roosevelt's "court-packing plan" was a serious mistake because * A. many Americans opposed the idea of forced retirement. B. the angry judges reacted by striking down much of the new Deal legislation. C. it appeared to interfere with Constitution's separation of powers. D. the angry judges struck down the plan as unconstitutional. Critics charged that Roosevelt's plan to increase the number of Supreme Court Justices was clearly in conflict with * A. judicial review B. the principle of checks and balances C. attempts by Congress to limit judicial responsibilities. D. efforts to restrict the number of terms a president could serve. Roosevelt hoped his plan to "pack" the Supreme Court would * A. prevent New Deal legislation from being declared unconstitutional. B. weaken the Fair Labor Standards Act. C. discourage legal challenges to his foreign policy. D. end the debate on the limits of presidential power. Franklin D. Roosevelt's controversy with the Supreme Court was a result of * A. the requirement that all judges must retire at age 70. B. his belief that the Court was too liberal in its interpretations. C. the Court's unwillingness to accept difficult cases. D. the Court's opposition to several New Deal laws.

1)c 2)b 3) a 4)D - In 1936 FDR didn't think any of his New Deal reforms would survive the conservative supreme court who had struck down the AAA and NRA as unconstitutional - from 1937 onward southern democrats and other conservatives voted against FDR's measures much more often

To fight the Depression, Roosevelt believed the first thing to do was to * A. provide direct relief to people. B. set up public works programs. C. restore confidence in the banks. D. provide relief for farmers. The emergency Banking Relief Act helped solve the banking crisis by: A. putting all banks under government operation. B. declaring that the gold standard would not be abandoned. C. issuing licenses to banks that federal examiners found to be financially sound. D. closing the banks long enough for the Federal Reserve to replenish their gold reserves.

1)c 2)c - Two days after being sworn in FDR would proclaim a bank holiday for four days so congress could meet in special session to promote banking reform this would lead to the Emergency Banking Act -was to protect larger banks from being dragged down by the smaller ones that were financially struggling. The Emergency Banking Act: eliminated weak banks merely by identifying them. Well managed banks in danger of failing were saved when the Federal Reserve System was empowered to issue loans to them. - Just as important, when the government permitted banks to reopen, people concluded that they were safe. - People ceased to withdraw funds and returned funds they had already had withdrawn and thereby taken out of circulation.

Ernest Hemingway's A. portrayed war's meaningless violence. B. glorified war. C. exposed the emptiness and superficiality of much of modern society. D. portrayed the vitality and freedom of the new morality.

A

In the early 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan added to its membership by : A. hiring public relations people to promote the Klan. B. holding rallies open to everyone. C. opening membership to all whites, regardless of religion. D. publicizing their support of legitimate political goals.

A

The Universal Negro Improvement Association was formed to * 2/2 A. promote black pride and unity. B. promote integration. C. elect African Americans to Congress. D. protest the Horrors of lynching.

A

The events that best support the image of the 1920s as a decade of nativism are : A. the passage of quota laws and the rise of the Ku Klux Klan. B. the Scopes trial and the passage of woman's suffrage. C. the Washington Conference and the Kellogg-Briand Pact. D. the growth of the auto industry and the rise of organized crime.

A

The purpose of Henry Ford's Sociological Department was to : A. set requirements workers had to meet. B. improve employee relations. C. negotiate with the union. D. provide a channel for communication.

A

The Big Red Scare, the Ku Klux Klan, and immigration laws of the 1920s were examples of : A. postwar reactions in the United States. B. a mania stirred by the Jazz Age. C. events that led to the Depression. D. events that stimulated the economy.

A - The Russian revolution and rise of communism ( and creation of america's communist party), the post war recession (millions of men came home and could find jobs) and the protest of african americans led to tensions. White middle class americans wanted to fight against radical change.

Jazz was popular in the 1920s because A. it gave people a feeling of freedom from conventional rules. B. of the move The Jazz Singer. C. of the reform minded mood of the times. D. it stimulated other industries.

A 3. Louis Armstrong: - Shortly after his arrival in Chicago from New Orleans he introduced JAZZ a style of music influence by Dixieland music and ragtime, with its ragged rhythms and syncopated melodies. - Became the first great cornet and trumpet soloist in Jazz music.

In the Teapot Dome scandal, a government official received bribes for : A. allowing private interests to lease lands containing U.S. Navy oil reserves. B. allowing private interests to drill for oil in a national park. C. allowing lumber companies to cut trees in national forests. D. promising immunity for businessmen who overcharged the U.S. Navy.

A the official in question is harry daugherty who was appointed attorny general

Charles Lindbergh's daring flight across the Atlantic symbolized * 0/2 A. technology in a materialistic age. B. a pioneering spirit in a machine age. C. the superiority of air power over sea power. D. the recklessness of youth.

B

Coolidge believed that government should : A. regulate business. B. not interfere with business. C. break up trusts. D. become involved in social reform.

B

Ford's system for making cars increased efficiency by: A. reducing the number of car parts. B. dividing the job into simple tasks. C. training workers to do every task. D. assigning a team to each car.

B

The Twenty First Amendment * A. established Prohibition. B. repealed Prohibition. C. guaranteed women the right to vote. D. guaranteed African Americans the right to vote.

B

The purpose of the Volstead Act was to: A. limit immigration. B. enforce Prohibition. C. ban the teaching of evolution. D. prohibit lynching.

B

Calvin Coolidge grew up * 2/2 A. on a Midwestern farm. B. on a Vermont farm. C. in a wealthy section of Boston. D. on a ranch in Wyoming.

B - was there vistiting his father when he got the news that he had become president. His father swore him in

The Cotton Club was : A. a Chicago speakeasy where gangsters congregated. B. a Harlem nightspot where many African Americans entertainers got their start. C. a Hollywood nightspot frequented by the stars of the silver screen. D. a fictitious Chicago nightclub featured in the famous picture The Jazz Singer.

B Duke Ellington: - Composer, pianist, and bandleader - 1923 Ellington formed his own band and began playing speakeasies and clubs. He soon had his own style a blend of improvisation and orchestration using different combinations of instruments. - Ellington got his start at the Cotton Club, one of the most famous Harlem night spots.

Attorney Harry Daugherty resigned in disgrace after being investigated for taking bribes in exchange for allowing * A. a private company to drill for oil on public lands. B. someone to acquire a valuable German owned company seized during the war. C. immunity to wealthy businessmen accused of insider trading. D. two powerful corporations to merge.

B ohio poiltical boss in the teapot dome scandal

What sports star was nicknamed the "Sultan of Swat" and became a national hero? * A. Jack Dempsey B. Babe Ruth C. Red Grange D. Bill Tilden

B played baseball

Although sports became increasingly popular in the 1920s, nothing quite matched the allure of: A. poetry. B. theater. C. motion pictures. D. radio.

C

An innovation instituted by International Harvester in 1926 was * A. a 5 day workweek. B. mass production. C. an annual 2 week paid vacation. D. an 8 hour workday

C

What did many of the groups who wanted to restrict immigration and preserve what they considered traditional values fear was taking over the nation? A. communists B. anarchists C. a "new morality" D. a new religion

C

Which of the following was NOT true of movies and radio of the 1920s? * 0/2 A. They influenced the way in which people dressed and talked. B. Radio had an even greater hold on people than did movies. C. Although a source of pleasure provided few jobs for people. D. Scientific advances made both possible.

C

Calving Coolidge became president when * 2/2 A. he defeated Warren G. Harding. B. he defeated Robert La Follette. C. Warren G. Harding was assassinated. D. Warren G. Harding died in office.

D

Commercial radio began its rise in November 1920, with the news that A. World War I was over. B. an American had flown over the Atlantic. C. Coolidge had won the election. D. Harding had won the election.

D

The Ohio Gant was: A. a powerful crime syndicate. B. a group of notorious bank robbers. C. a group of Coolidge's friends. D. a group of Harding's friends.

D

The flowering of African American arts in the 1920s became known as the * 2/2 A. Great Migration. B. South Side Renaissance. C. Great Awakening. D. Harlem Renaissance.

D - "The Great Migration"- millions of African Americans had migrated from the South to industrial cities in the North, seeking to escape the segregated society of the South, to find economic opportunity, and build a better life. - After WWI Black population swelled in large northern cities. - In Harlem African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development, racial pride, a sense of community, and political organization. This became known as the Harlem Renaissance.

What was the name of the science that lent authority to racist theories and reinvigorated the nativist argument for strict immigration control? : A. nativism B. creationism C. evolution D. eugenics

D - Eugenics is a pseudo science (false science) that deals with improving hereditary traits. - Developed in Europe in the early 1900s - warned against breeding of unfit or inferior - fueled argument for superiority of "original" American stock - White Protestants of Northern European descent. - Woodrow Wilson and Henry Cabot Lodge embrace eugenics. By doing so they lent authority to racist theories, which reinvigorated the nativist arguments for strict immigration control.

The golden age of Hollywood began in 1927 with the release of : A. the first motion picture. B. the first feature length film. C. the first animated film. D. the first motion picture with sound.

D - The Jazz Singer

Unions declined during the 1920s in part because many corporations instituted A. cooperative individualism. B. supply side economics. C. Sociological Departments. D. welfare capitalism.

D Companies allowed workers to buy stock, participate in profit sharing, and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions. - 1920s unions lost both membership and influence.

Works Progress Administration (WPA) 1935:

Employed people to do artistic, public works, and research projects by setting aside $300 million to create Federal Project Number One (relief)

National Youth Administration (NYA)

Provided job training for unemployed young people and part-time jobs for needy students

. Civil Works Administration (CWA):

Put 4 million unemployed people to work within a few months. They built roads, constructed public buildings, post offices, city halls, recreational facilities, and taught in bankrupt school systems. - The CWA spent a $ Billion in five months... FDR shuddered and called a halt.

Wagner Labor Relations Act or National Labor Relations Act:

Went further than Section 7a of the NRA in putting the New Deal behind the efforts of workers to form labor unions. It established the National Labor Relations Board to investigate unfair labor practices and to issue "cease and desist" orders to employers found responsible for them. - The law guaranteed the right of unions to represent those workers who voted for those unions to represent those workers who voted for those unions in NLRB supervised elections.

During Roosevelt's first two terms, the strongest opposition to the New Deal came fro * 2/2 A. big business B. labor Unions C. the poor D. African Americans

a

Federal spending as a means of reviving the economy is based on the idea that * 2/2 A. purchasing power will increase and economic growth will be stimulated. B. only the federal government can operate businesses efficiently. C. the federal government should turn its revenues over the states. D. lower interest rates will encourage investment.

a

Framers of the Social Security Act saw it primarily as * 2/2 A. an insurance bill. B. a welfare bill. C. a retirement pension bill. D. a relief bill.

a

Most economists agree that a key cause of the Depression was * 0/2 A. over consumption. B. overproduction. C. inflation. D. deflation.

a

Presidents Coolidge's philosophy of government was that government should interfere with business and industry as little as possible and that prosperity rested on the shoulders of * 2/2 A. business leadership. B. educational institutions. C. a strong military. D. church leaders.

a

Roosevelt's advisers who supported "New Nationalism" wanted government * 2/2 A. to work with business. B. to run key parts of the economy. C. to break up big companies. D. to set up welfare programs.

a

Senator Huey Long wanted the government to * 2/2 A. share the wealth of the rich. B. balance the budget. C. pay citizens over 60 a monthly pension. D. stop interfering with business.

a

The New Deal and the earlier Progressive movement both * A. attempted to reform the economic system. B. aimed to overcome severe economic depressions. C. emphasized the need to control the evils of organized labor. D. made strong efforts to fight racial segregation.

a

The creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority is an example of * 2/2 A. federal intervention to meet regional needs. B. state funded conservation. C. government's attempt to earn maximum profits in business. D. a return to laissez faire economics.

a

The fundamental economic problem of farmers that the New Deal attempted to solve was * 2/2 A. overproduction. B. scarcity of fertile land. C. shortage of labor. D. lack of transportation facilities.

a

The statement that best summarizes Roosevelt's approach to the Great Depression is: * 2/2 A. Provide government aid to many sectors of the economy at once. B. Balance the federal budget. C. Cut government spending to reflect lowered revenues. D. Let the Federal Reserve System handle the recovery through monetary policies.

a

The stock market crash weakened the nation's banks because * 2/2 A. banks had invested their deposits in the stock market. B. banks depended on income from the sale of their stock for operating funds, C. investors no longer had money to deposit in banks. D. investors could no longer afford to take out loans from banks.

a

Two causes of the rise of dictatorships after World War I were * 2/2 A. the peace treaty and economic depression. B. new political ideas and economic depression. C. the peace treaty and lack of strong leadership after the war. D. new political ideas and lack of strong leadership after the war.

a

What system of manufacturing adopted by Henry Ford divided operations into simple tasks that unskilled workers could do and cut unnecessary motion to a minimum? * 2/2 A. assembly line B. mass production C. Flivver D. apprentice system

a

Who was a fervent anti-communist and a great admirer of Benito Mussolini's leadership style? * 2/2 A. Adolf Hitler B. Joseph Stalin C. Francisco Franco D. Vladimir Lenin

a

President Hoover opposed direct federal relief to the unemployed because he believed that * 2/2 A. only state and city governments should dole out relief. B. the Depression would end soon. C. charities could provide sufficient relief until the economy improved. D. individuals should be responsible for taking care of themselves.

a - Hoover believed that rugged individuals - who looked to no one but themselves, were the secret of American cultural vitality. - For the federal government to stimulate that trait of national character was one thing; for the government to sponsor huge handouts was quite another. - Federal relief measures were "not the first step in defeating the depression, but were the first step in emasculating the American spirit." - Hoover wanted the states to take the lead in fighting the depression. - Hoover was inflexible in his idea of a balanced budget and the government's power to manipulate the value of currency. - Government must spend no more money than it collected; the books must balance. - Hoover knew that during every depression since the Civil War, only Greenbackers, Populists, and other regarded as radicals had proposed increasing the supply of money (deliberately inflating prices) in order to stimulate the economy. - Each time they had been defeated and the country had emerged from the hard times more prosperous than before.

The chief architect of economic policy in the United States during the 1920s was * 2/2 A. Andrew Mellon. B. President Harding. C. Herbert Hoover. D. Charles Evan Hughes.

a - Mellon's goals were to balance the budget, reduce government's spending, and cut taxes to ensure prosperity. - Cutting government spending the federal budget fell from $6.4 billion to $3 billion in seven years. - National Debt rose from $5.7 billion in 1917 to $26 billion by 1920. - Mellon refinanced the debt to lower its interest on it and persuaded the Federal Reserve to lower its interest rates. - These, steps led to an increase in tax revenue form the nation's economic boom, reduced the debt by $8 billion. - Mellon further reduced taxes - belief that high taxes reduced the money available for private investment and prevented business expansion. - High tax rate actually reduced the amount of tax money the government collected.

The Nuremberg Laws * 2/2 A. took citizenship away from Jewish Germans. B. required all Jewish Germans to move to concentration camps. C. required all Jewish Germans to leave the country. D. authorized German police to shoot Jewish Germans.

a - 1935 took citizenship away from Jewish Germans and banned marriage between Jews and other Germans. - Jews could not hold public office or vote. - Jews could not employ female German servants under the age of 35. - Jews with German sounding last names were to adopt Jewish sounding last names. - Passports of Jews were to be marked with a red J to clearly identify Jews. - 1936 half of German Jews were jobless having lost the right to work as civil servants, journalist, farmers, teachers, and actors. - 1938 Jews were not allowed to practice law, medicine, or operate a business.

The Ku Klux Klan began to decline in the late 1920s, largely as a result of A. the arrest of Key Klan leaders. B. their violent tactics. C. scandals involving Klan leaders. D. the shift away from nativism.

a - The KKK declined as rapidly as the UNIA. IN 1925 Grand Dragon Stephenson was found guilty of second degree murder in the death of a young woman who he kidnapped and taken to Chicago. In an attempt to earn a light sentence he turned over evidence showing the entire administration of the KKK was involved in thievery and that Indiana Klan politicians were thoroughly corrupt. - By 1930, the KKK had dwindled to ten thousand members.

The Nazi-Soviet nonaggression treaty contained a secret deal to * 2/2 A. divide Poland between them. B. divide France between them. C. not fight each other. D. fight France and Britain.

a - this would allow hitler to proceed into poland without fear of a two front attack - Stalin felt portrayed by not even being invited to the Munchia meeting

The result of the Dawes Plan was * 2/2 A. Europe's deeper descent into debt. B. Europe's gradual economic recovery. C. lower prices for European products sold in the United States. D. higher prices for European products sold in the United States.

a -created circular loans Germany would use the loans it got from the american banks to repay britian and france who then used it and other american loans to repay the US. To pay the debt it put europe in more debt.

The Federal Reserve contributed to the Depression by * 2/2 A. lowering loan rates. B. raising loan rates C. loaning to foreign companies. D. loaning to speculators.

a refianced the loans to

New KKK (1920s)

after WWI resembled anti foreign movement, anti everything foreign, pro anglo-saxon and native born american and pro protestant - Revival was inspired by the film The Birth of a Nation which glorified the original klan -In the South, the KKK was a primarily an anti-Black organization. Else where KKK leader exploited whatever hatreds, fears, and resentments were most likely to win members. Catholics, Jews, and Immigrants. -were a "defender " of traditional fundamentalist morality.Presented themselves as patriots. - Not only did they persecute foreigners, blacks, and those of other religions, they also attacked protestants "guilty" of irreligion, sexual promiscuity, or drunkedness

Although many of President Harding's appointments were disastrous, he did appoint several distinguished cabinet members including the secretary of commerce, * 2/2 A. Andrew Mellon. B. Herbert Hoover. C. Harry Daugherty. D. John W. Davis.

b

A major difference between the philosophies of Hoover and Roosevelt concerning solutions to the Depression was that Hoover believed in * 2/2 A. strictly regulating stock market operations. B. encouraging local charities to be the major providers of money, food, and clothing for the unemployed. C. greatly increasing the power of the executive branch to speed up economic recovery. D. raising taxes to encourage economic growth.

b

A similarity between Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal and Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal is that both * 2/2 A. supported laissez faire economics. B. tried to reconcile differences between labor and management. C. helped the unemployed through direct payments to them. D. expanded the power of the states in relations to the federal government.

b

Attempts to enforce Prohibition led to public awareness that * 2/2 A. violators of feterm-40deral laws inevitably receive severe punishment. B. unpopular laws are difficult, if not impossible, to enforce. C. constitutional amendments are sacred. D. social behavior can be legislated.

b

During the Depression, many state governors declared "bank holidays" to * 2/2 A. give bank employees a break. B. prevent bank runs. C. reduce the value of the dollar. D. help the Federal Reserve

b

Henry Ford almost single handedly changed the auto form a toy of the wealthy to an affordable necessity for the * 2/2 A. delivery industry. B. middle class. C. farmers. D. city dwellers.

b

Labor Unions increased their power and influence in the 1930s mainly because * 2/2 A. major corporations began to support union goals. B. they gained major rights under federal law. C. many people were employed by the federal government. D. union leaders were elected to government offices

b

New Deal strategies for dealing with the economic depression of the 1930s were frequently criticized because they ran counter to a tradition of * 2/2 A. progressivism B. laissez-faire C. government regulation D. protectionism

b

One main purpose of the Townsend plan was to * A. free up jobs for the unemployed. B. redistribute wealth. C. nationalize the banking system. D. end public works programs.

b

President Coolidge's simple and frugal manner contrasted not only with Harding but also with the spirit of the time - the booming, materialistic era of the * 2/2 A. Progressive Party B. Roaring Twenties C. Ohio Gang D. Fourteen Points.

b

Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover believed that waste could be reduced and costs lowered if trade associations would * 2/2 A. voluntarily share information with one another. B. voluntarily share information with the Bureau of Standards. C. collaborate to set reasonable wage rates for worker in similar jobs. D. collaborate to set reasonable prices for similar products.

b

The Agricultural Adjustment Administration tried to help farmers by * 2/2 A. paying them to grow more crops. B. paying them not to grow crops. C. buying farm surpluses. D. making land available for farming.

b

The Emergency Relief and Construction Act provided * 2/2 A. rioted and burned several public buildings. B. fixed bayonets on their service rifles and prepared to fight. C. left peacefully. D. refused to leave, remaining on the capitol steps until they were evicted by force.

b

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1935 provided more protection for workers, the abolition of child labor, and A. the right to join a union. B. a 40 hour workweek. C. a labor relations mediator. D. a fair hiring provisions.

b

The Home Owners' Loan Corporation * 2/2 A. provided money to help the unemployed pay their mortgages. B. lowered mortgage rates when people lost their jobs and could no longer pay. C. lengthened the mortgage rates when people lost their jobs and could no longer pay. D. provided low cost loans to help homeless people buy a home.

b

The National Credit Corporation tried to rescue troubled banks using * A. tax money. B. money form New York bankers. C. deficit spending. D. money borrowed from foreign banks.

b

The Neutrality Act of 1935 made it illegal for * 2/2 A. American citizens to join another country's military. B. Americans to sell arms to any country at war. C. Congress to declare war on any country. D. Americans to join the Communist or Fascist Party.

b

To regulate the stock Market, the Roosevelt Administration created the * 2/2 A. Federal Trade Commission. B. Securities and exchange Commission. C. National Recovery Administration. D. Social Security Administration

b

Unlike the administrations of the 1920s, the New Deal * 2/2 A. Allowed business to set prices without regulations. B. emphasized federal involvement in the economy. C. encouraged rugged individualism. D. severely limited union activities.

b

What music with its bold solos and improvisational freedom is recognized around the world as the distinctive American contribution to music? * 2/2 A. ragtime B. jazz C. country. D. classical.

b

Roosevelt triggered a new economic downturn in 1937 by A. increasing government spending. B. decreasing government spending. C. increasing taxes. D. decreasing taxes.

b - As a formula for economic recovery, however the New Deal failed. - 1937 When unemployment dropped to 7.5 million and other economic indicators brightened, FDR began to dismantle many expensive government programs. Resulting in a collapse a depression within a depression. -to FDR and critics the recession seemed to be a rust of a decrease in spending - The recession of 1937 was not so serious as that of the 1930 to 1933 - but it provided painful evidence that for all their flexibility and willingness to experiment and spend, the New Dealers had not unlocked the secrets of maintaining prosperity during peacetime.

Herbert Hoover sought to provide economic stability in various industries by trying to balance government regulation with his own philosophy of A. welfare capitalism. B. cooperative individualism. C. supply side economics. D. open shops.

b - labors wouldn't strike or demand higher wages and work with corperate

Thousands of WWI veterans came to Washington in 1932 to petition Congress to * 0/2 A. enact a bonus for war veterans. B. give veterans their promised bonus early. C. provided public works job for unemployed veterans. D. provide military jobs for unemployed veterans.

b -It was supposed to be delivered in 1945 but veterans were desperate by 1932

In the Munich Conference, Britain and France * 2/2 A. told Hitler that they would declare war if he invaded Czechoslovakia. B. gave in to Hitler's demand for the Sudetenland. C. allowed Czechoslovakia to become a German protectorate. D. told Hitler they would declare war if he invaded Poland.

b -Sudetenland was a largely german speaking region of Czechoslovakia - in return, Hitler promised to conquer no more territory.

The General Accounting Office was set up in 1921 to * 2/2 A. prepare a federal budget. B. tract government spending. C. regulate radio frequencies. D. regulate Prohibition

b and keep the federal budget balenced.

Which of the following choices best completes the diagram about the historic political realignment triggered by the New Deal? A. White Southerners B. African Americans C. business leaders D. progressives

b. - 1930s saw a revolution in black voting patterns. 1932 75 percent of American Black voters were Republican. - Blacks still saw the G.O.P. as the party of Lincoln and emancipation. By 1936, more than 75 percent of registered blacks were voting Democratic - and the trend would continue for 30 years. - Democratic Party might not of been the friend of Blacks but it was the friend of the poor and Blacks were mostly poor. -created a "black cabinet" appointing blacks to several important secondary positions. Elinore was a major influence on New deal policies not excluding black people ( she was a major/vocal critic on racial discrimination) and by 1935 1/4 of African americans were receiving government aid (government did double down on segregation though with FDR refusing to end it.) - this created a new democrat coalition.

A major effect of the Great Depression was to * 2/2 A. reinforce traditional beliefs in rugged individualism B. give political control to the states C. make increased governmental intervention in the economy more acceptable D. strengthened the demand for overseas territories

c

A major result of the New Deal was that it * 2/2 A. weakened the power of the chief executive. B. strengthened the policy of laissez-faire. C. increased the federal government's regulation of business. D. expanded the importance of states' rights.

c

Adolf Hitler blamed Germany's defeat in World War I on the * 2/2 A. weak German ruler. B. democratic form of government. C. Jews. D. slavs.

c

After World War I, most Americans wanted to avoid future wars by * A. joining the League of Nations. B. excluding Germany from the League of Nations. C. avoiding involvement in European affairs. D. forbidding Germany to rebuild its armed forces.

c

Claiming part of Czechoslovakia posed a problem for Hitler for all of the following reasons EXCEPT * 0/2 A. the Czechs spoke several different languages. B. the Czechs had a strong military. C. Czechoslovakia was a democracy. D. Czechoslovakia was allied with France and the Soviet Union.

c

Henry Ford's business philosophy was to increase sales by * 2/2 A. providing consumers with a variety of styles and colors. B. advertising. C. lowering the cost per car. D. constantly improving his cars' mechanical reliability.

c

In 1920 in one of the first commercial radio broadcast in history, listeners of station KDKA in Pittsburgh heard the * 2/2 A. Dempsey-Tunney title fight. B. Amos 'n' Andy show. C. news of Warren G. Harding's victory in the presidential election. D. news of the first successful transatlantic flight.

c

In the Wannsee Conference, Nazi leaders * 2/2 A. planned the invasion of Poland. B. negotiated with Britain and France for the Sudetenland. C. planned the "final solution." D. negotiated a nonaggression treaty with the Soviet Union.

c

Many military officers in Japan were strong nationalists and believed Japan was destined to dominate * 2/2 A. North America. B. South America. C. East Asia. D. Europe.

c

One purpose of the Social Security Act was to provide * 2/2 A. on the job training for the unemployed B. aid to farmers C. income for retired workers D. funds to fight crime

c

President Hoover hoped that public works would * 2/2 A. solve the budget deficit. B. spur the construction industry. C. provide jobs lost in the private sector. D. spur industry to create more jobs.

c

The first featured length animated film was * 2/2 A. Animal Crackers B. The Wizard of Oz C. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs D. Mr. Smith Goes to Washington

c

The new morality of the 1920s glorified * 2/2 A. work. B. promiscuity. C. personal freedom. D. wealth.

c

Warren G. Harding won the Presidency by appealing to Americans' desire to A. reform society. B. become a world power. C. return to normal life after the war. D. repeal Prohibition.

c

What crippled the German economy? * 2/2 A. Isolationists B. moratoriums C. reparation payments. D. supply side economists.

c

Which of the following best completes the diagram? Germany --> Italy -->? = Axis powers * 2/2 A. Spain B. USSR C. Japan D. Austria

c

A night of anti-Jewish violence became known as * 2/2 A. blitzkrieg. B. Anschluss. C. Kristallnacht. D. Gestapo.

c - November 7, 1938 a young Jewish refugee name Herschel Grynszpan shot and killed a German diplomat in Paris. - Herschel was seeking revenge for the deportation of his father and 10,000 other German Jews to Poland. - Hitler ordered his minister of propaganda, Joseph Goebbels, to stage attacks against Jews that would appear to be spontaneous popular reaction to the news of the murder. - Kristallnact or "Night of Broken Glass" - as German and Austrian Nazis stormed into the houses of Jews broke in stores and left the streets covered with glass afterward. - 90 Jews lay dead and hundred injured and thousands terrorized. - 7,500 Jewish businesses destroyed and wrecked nearly 180 synagogues. - The state seized insurance payments for damages and fined the Jewish community for the cost of the damages.

Before 1920, stock prices * 2/2 A. did not change much. B. generally reflected the stocks' true value. C. generally did not reflect the stocks' true value. D. were too high for most people to afford.

c - During the speculative "Coolidge bull market", the price of shares reflected nothing more than the willingness of people to pay them because "greater fools" would buy from them in the belief that the prices would rise indefinitely. - Speculators could buy on margin. It was immaterial that the companies they owned did not pay dividends or even use their capital to improve productive capacity. - Like the Florida land boom, the rising prices of stocks fed on themselves. - Became more profitable for companies to put their money into further stock speculation - making margin loans rather than into production. The face value of shares was absurdly inflated. - 300 percent rise in stock between 1925 and 1929.

The Nye Committee report created the impression that America's entry into World War I was influenced by * 2/2 A. attacks on American merchant ships. B. militarism in Europe. C. American arms manufacturers. D. the American Communist Party.

c - Senators Nye views were popularized in a best selling book of 1935, The Road to War by Walter Millis

To create consumers for their new products, manufactures turned to * 2/2 A. television. B. mass production. C. advertising. D. newspaper and magazine articles.

c - major accomplishment of the radio

Alfred E. Smith endured a smear campaign in the 1928 election because * 2/2 A. he was a Quaker B. he was a Mormon. C. he was Catholic D. he was Jewish.

c - southern democrats were very anti-catholic

President Harding fit in comfortably with the powerful Ohio Republican * 2/2 A. House of Representatives. B. reform issues. C. political machine. D. progressive ideas.

c -ohio heled harding win

Roosevelt sent destroyers to Britain in exchange for * 2/2 A. cash. B. a promise to pay at war's end. C. U.S. bases on British held territory. D. manufactured British goods.

c -wagner act: Allowed workers to join unions and outlawed union-busting tactics by management. - Established the National laborboard

When the Senate voted the new bonus bill down, many veterans waiting outside the capitol building * 0/2 A. rioted and burned several public buildings. B. fixed bayonets on their service rifles and prepared to fight. C. left peacefully. D. refused to leave, remaining on the capitol steps until they were evicted by force.

c 1932 Summer - 20 thousand veterans of the WWI massed in Washington to demand that Congress immediately vote them a bonus for their war time service as a relief measure. - Congress adjourned in July without passing a bonus all but 2,000 men and woman left the capital. - Those who remained set up a Hooverville on Anacostia Flats on the outskirts of the city, policed themselves, cooperated with authorities, and were generally peaceful. - Hoover frustrated with the failure of his policies, persuaded himself that they were led by Communist Agitators. - Most influential organization among the Bonus Boys was the American Legion. - General Douglas MacArthur, who arrayed himself in his best dress uniform and ceremonial sword was sent to disperse them. - Using armored vehicles and tear gas, MacArthur made short work of the protestors. - When an infant died form asphyxiation and Americans mulled over the spectacle of young soldiers attacking old soldiers on presidential orders, Hoover's reputation sank even lower.

The statement that best summarizes Hoover's approach to the Great Depression is: * 2/2 A. The federal government should provide substantial relief to the unemployed. B. High unemployment is good for the economy. C. Unemployed workers should wait for prosperity to trickle down to them. D. Helping the unemployed poor should be the first concern of government.

c Hoover kept with the philosophy of supply side economics and the trickle down effect - If taxes were lower, businesses and consumers would spend and invest their extra money, causing the economy to grow. As the economy grew, Americans would earn more money, and the government would actually collect more taxes at a lower rate than it would if it kept tax rates high.

The Nazis' "final solution" referred to their plans to * 2/2 A. defeat France. B. conquer Britain. C. exterminate Europe's Jews. D. rule Europe after conquering it.

c Nazis had systematically exterminated 6 million Jews and 1 million other people in factories called "camps" that had been specifically designed for the killing and disposing of the bodies of the dead on a mass scale.

The purpose of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation was to * 2/2 A. regulate the stock market. B. manage public works projects. C. make loans to banks, railroads, and agricultural institutions. D. administer public assistance programs for the unemployed and the homeless.

c as a way to halt the decline under hoover administration

Prohibition and the Scopes trial are evidence that during the 1920s: A. the progressive reform spirit was as strong as ever. B. relations between blacks and whites began to improve. C. there was a conflict between old and new ideals. D. the country was more receptive to radical ideas.

c.

Although they disagreed on specifics, Roosevelt's advisers favored government * 2/2 A. promoting competition. B. breaking up trusts. C. laissez faire. D. intervention in the economy.

d

During the Great Depression, when a bank collapsed, * 2/2 A. the government stepped in to run the bank. B. the government covered the bank's debt's. C. the government repaid deposits on insured accounts only. D. depositors lost their savings.

d

In presenting his "Four Freedoms," Roosevelt was trying to * 2/2 A. justify America's neutrality. B. justify has call for speeding up America's military build up. C. shift public opinion toward enter the war. D. shift public opinion toward helping Britain.

d

In the 1920s, young people began to look for careers as * 2/2 A. entrepreneurs. B. stockholders. C. business owners. D. managers in corporate bureaucracy.

d

In the Battle of Britain, * 2/2 A. British troops defeated the German ground invasion. B. the British sunk most of the German ships that crossed the English Channel. C. the German air force destroyed the Royal Air Force. D. the Royal air force saved Britain from invasion.

d

Some members of Congress tried to help farmers by proposing the McNary-Haugen Bill, which called for the government to * A. place tariffs on foreign agricultural products to protect American farmers form foreign competition. B. set higher prices for agricultural products sold in the United States. C. buy American crop surpluses and use them to feed the military. D. buy American crop surpluses and sell them abroad.

d

Stock prices first began to decline in late 1929 because * 2/2 A. stockbrokers stopped margin loans. B. company earnings declined. C. several companies went bankrupt. D. investors began to sell their stock.

d

The Four Power Treaty between the United States, Japan, France, and Britain recognized each country's island possessions in the * 2/2 A. Northern Hemisphere B. Caribbean Sea. C. Atlantic. D. Pacific.

d

The Lend Lease Act was Roosevelt's way of getting arms to Britain without Britain having to * 2/2 A. pick them up. B. return them after the war. C. take out loans to pay for them. D. pay cash.

d

The Universal Negro Improvement Association was founded by a dynamic black leader from Jamaica, * 2/2 A. Langston Hughes. B. Paul Robeson. C. Duke Ellington. D. Marcus Garvey.

d

The farm policy of the New Deal was designed to * 2/2 A. decrease federal involvement in agriculture B. reduce prices of farm products C. enlarge farms D. increase prices of farm products by reducing farm output.

d

The first area that Hitler "unified" with Germany was * 2/2 A. the Sudetenland. B. Czechoslovakia. C. Poland. D. Austria.

d

The most immediate goal of the New Deal was to * 2/2 A. haves states assume responsibility for relief programs. B. control wages and prices C. conserve natural resources. D. provide work for the unemployed.

d

To pay for public works, the government would have to raise taxes or * 2/2 A. print money B. reduce inflation. C. borrow from foreign governments. D. borrow from banks.

d

Most of the Jewish refugees aboard the SS St. Louis * 2/2 A. immigrated to the U.S. B. disembarked in Cuba. C. were given refuge in Mexico. D. died in the Nazis' "final solution".

d - 1939 some 350,000 Jews escaped Nazi controlled Europe. - Nazi orders forbid Jews from taking more than four dollars out of Germany. - Many countries refused to accept Jews. The SS St. Louis circled the U.S. and Latin America being refused to disembark their cargo of 900 Jewish immigrants. Many of these Jews ended up back in Europe in Concentration camps.

The New Deal program chiefly designed to correct abuses in the stock market was the * 2/2 A. Federal Emergency Relief Act B. Civilian Conservation Corps C. Works Progress Administration D. Securities and Exchange Commission

d -The Securities Act required companies that sold stock and bonds to provide complete and truthful information to investors. The following year Congress created an independent agency, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), to regulate the stock market and prevent fraud. -showed the decrease in confidence of the financial establishment.

The British and French realized that appeasement had failed when Hitler * 2/2 A. invaded Czechoslovakia. B. invaded Austria. C. invaded Poland. D. made demands for territory in Poland.

d - Hitlers attack on Germany on September 21st 1939 started ww2 Blitzkrieg - "Lightning War"- the use of massive land, air and sea attacks to encircle your enemy. By October 5, 1939. The Polish army had been defeated.

In 1932 farmers on the Great Plains began to lose their crops because * 2/2 A. the soil lost it fertility. B. frequent rains eroded the soil. C. a wheat fungus devastated the fields. D. the soil dried up.

d - known as the dust bowl. It was a result of the over production of crops. Using machines to mix up the soil undid the roots of grasses and plants which held the soil in place

During the Depression, many unemployed people * 2/2 A. destroyed "Hoovervilles." B. lived in federal housing. C. collected unemployment. D. rode the rails.

d -hopped on trains illegally trying to find work elsewhere

The Federal Number One program employed * 2/2 A. young men ages 18 to 25. B. workers in the construction industry. C. displaced tenant farmers. D. people in the arts.

d was a part of the Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) (1933)

employed about 3 million men (between 18-25) to work on projects that benefited the public, planting trees to reforest areas, building levees for flood control, and improving national parks, etc. Most pop form of legislation. Men only keep 20-25% of $, rest sent back to family. -was segregated by race although there were a few for blacks and mexicans

Farm Credit Administration (FCA):

helped farmers refinance their mortgages

The Glass-Steagle Act

provided for the Fed. Deposit Insurance Corp. that insured individual deposits up to $5,000. This ended bank failures. separated commercial banking from investment baking. Commercial banks handle everyday transactions; take deposits, pay interest, cash checks, and loan money for mortgages. Under this act, these banks were no longer permitted to risk depositors' money by using it to speculate on the stock market.