Body Basics

The digesting food remains in the stomach for approximately __ hours.

1-4

Which are functions of the digestive system?

Absorption of nutrients into blood or lymph Breakdown of foods into nutrients

Jejunum

Absorption of nutrients occurs in the upper part

The chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the mouth is due to the enzyme action of ___.

Amylase

Which of the following contribute to heartburn?

Being pregnant Smoking Having excess body fat Drinking alcohol Consuming certain foods / overeating

Duodenum

Bicarbonate (an alkaline fluid) is scripted here

Plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells are components of ___.

Blood

The exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and the cells throughout the body occurs across the cells lining the ___.

Capillaries

The breakdown of food due to the action of enzymes would be an example of:

Chemical digestion

Nutrition therapy for mild cases of constipation includes:

Consuming more fiber daily.

The ___ is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the larynx and trachea during food consumption.

Epiglottis

The lymphatic system is responsible for transport of water-soluble nutrients.

False

The ability to control the external anal sphincter voluntarily usually occurs by ___ years of age.

Four

What is responsible for the development of most stomach ulcers?

H. pylori

The ___ intestine doesn't have villi.

Large

The hepatic portal vein takes water-soluble nutrients to the ___.

Liver

Identify three organs that are an important part of the digestive system, even though they do not come in direct contact with food matter in the gastrointestinal tract.

Liver Gallbladder Pancreas

Irritable bowel syndrome can be characterized by:

Loose stools Unable to relieve feeling of elimination

The absorptive cells of the villus ___.

Move nutrients from chyme into intestinal blood Move nutrients from chyme into lacteals

The pH of the blood:

Ranges from 7.35 to 7.45 Slightly alkaline Is maintained by buffers

Which of the following are functions of the lymphatic system?

Returns fluid that collects between cells back to the bloodstream Transport of absorbed dietary fats Defense of the body against invading pathogens

A(n) ___ forms when an acid reacts with a base.

Salt

Ringlike muscular contractions followed by relaxations that are designed to help to mix chyme in the small intestine are called ___.

Segmentation

What is the largest organ in the body?

Skin

Almost all of the macronutrients are digested and absorbed in the ___ intestine.

Small

The acid in the ___ helps to activate digestive enzymes, makes proteins easier to digest, and kills many diseases causing microorganisms.

Stomach

Self-contained, living structures that have similar characteristics and functions, join together to form ___.

Tissues

Under normal circumstances, ___ carbohydrate, protein, and fat escape digestion and absorption in the small intestine.

Very little

What type of nutrients are absorbed into the hepatic portal vein and eventually to the liver before they enter the general circulation?

Water soluble compounds

Identify the functions of the urinary system:

Maintaining proper fluid balance Removing unneeded substances from the blood

The role of beneficial bacteria in the large intestine is to:

Make vitamin K and biotin Metabolize undigested food

The mixing of food by muscular contractions is an example of ___.

Mechanical Digestion

The main function of the gastroesophageal sphincter is to:

Close the opening between the esophagus and the stomach.

Most ulcers are now attributed to infection with H. pylori. Other risk factors that may contribute to the development of an ulcer include:

Heavy alcohol consumption Regular use of NSAIDs (anti-inflammatory drugs) Smoking

The circulation of nutrients to the liver is via the ___ ___ vein.

Hepatic Portal

The chemical messengers of the body are called ___.

Hormones

Prompt treatment for diarrhea is especially important for:

Infants Elderly

Constipation can be caused by a diet that is ___ in fiber and water.

Low

___ vessels empty their contents (including chylomicrons) into the cardiovascular system through a duct near the heart.

Lymph

The circulatory and the ___ system are responsible for circulating fluids throughout the body.

Lymphatic

Ileum

Minimal absorption occurs here

Almost all the macronutrients are digested and absorbed in the ___ intestine.

Small

What are the two organs that produce most of the digestive enzymes?

Small intestine Pancreas

Which of the following senses have the greatest effect of taste?

Smell