Body Basics
The digesting food remains in the stomach for approximately __ hours.
1-4
Which are functions of the digestive system?
Absorption of nutrients into blood or lymph Breakdown of foods into nutrients
Jejunum
Absorption of nutrients occurs in the upper part
The chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the mouth is due to the enzyme action of ___.
Amylase
Which of the following contribute to heartburn?
Being pregnant Smoking Having excess body fat Drinking alcohol Consuming certain foods / overeating
Duodenum
Bicarbonate (an alkaline fluid) is scripted here
Plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells are components of ___.
Blood
The exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and the cells throughout the body occurs across the cells lining the ___.
Capillaries
The breakdown of food due to the action of enzymes would be an example of:
Chemical digestion
Nutrition therapy for mild cases of constipation includes:
Consuming more fiber daily.
The ___ is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the larynx and trachea during food consumption.
Epiglottis
The lymphatic system is responsible for transport of water-soluble nutrients.
False
The ability to control the external anal sphincter voluntarily usually occurs by ___ years of age.
Four
What is responsible for the development of most stomach ulcers?
H. pylori
The ___ intestine doesn't have villi.
Large
The hepatic portal vein takes water-soluble nutrients to the ___.
Liver
Identify three organs that are an important part of the digestive system, even though they do not come in direct contact with food matter in the gastrointestinal tract.
Liver Gallbladder Pancreas
Irritable bowel syndrome can be characterized by:
Loose stools Unable to relieve feeling of elimination
The absorptive cells of the villus ___.
Move nutrients from chyme into intestinal blood Move nutrients from chyme into lacteals
The pH of the blood:
Ranges from 7.35 to 7.45 Slightly alkaline Is maintained by buffers
Which of the following are functions of the lymphatic system?
Returns fluid that collects between cells back to the bloodstream Transport of absorbed dietary fats Defense of the body against invading pathogens
A(n) ___ forms when an acid reacts with a base.
Salt
Ringlike muscular contractions followed by relaxations that are designed to help to mix chyme in the small intestine are called ___.
Segmentation
What is the largest organ in the body?
Skin
Almost all of the macronutrients are digested and absorbed in the ___ intestine.
Small
The acid in the ___ helps to activate digestive enzymes, makes proteins easier to digest, and kills many diseases causing microorganisms.
Stomach
Self-contained, living structures that have similar characteristics and functions, join together to form ___.
Tissues
Under normal circumstances, ___ carbohydrate, protein, and fat escape digestion and absorption in the small intestine.
Very little
What type of nutrients are absorbed into the hepatic portal vein and eventually to the liver before they enter the general circulation?
Water soluble compounds
Identify the functions of the urinary system:
Maintaining proper fluid balance Removing unneeded substances from the blood
The role of beneficial bacteria in the large intestine is to:
Make vitamin K and biotin Metabolize undigested food
The mixing of food by muscular contractions is an example of ___.
Mechanical Digestion
The main function of the gastroesophageal sphincter is to:
Close the opening between the esophagus and the stomach.
Most ulcers are now attributed to infection with H. pylori. Other risk factors that may contribute to the development of an ulcer include:
Heavy alcohol consumption Regular use of NSAIDs (anti-inflammatory drugs) Smoking
The circulation of nutrients to the liver is via the ___ ___ vein.
Hepatic Portal
The chemical messengers of the body are called ___.
Hormones
Prompt treatment for diarrhea is especially important for:
Infants Elderly
Constipation can be caused by a diet that is ___ in fiber and water.
Low
___ vessels empty their contents (including chylomicrons) into the cardiovascular system through a duct near the heart.
Lymph
The circulatory and the ___ system are responsible for circulating fluids throughout the body.
Lymphatic
Ileum
Minimal absorption occurs here
Almost all the macronutrients are digested and absorbed in the ___ intestine.
Small
What are the two organs that produce most of the digestive enzymes?
Small intestine Pancreas
Which of the following senses have the greatest effect of taste?
Smell