Aragaki 4/18

Examples of Homo erectus were found first in _________

Java

Which term refers specifically to "core" tool techniques, in which a core of stone, rather than a flake, is used as the basic raw material for finished tools?

Lower Paleolithic

The oldest cultural materials from Olduvai (Bed I) date from the ________________ .

Lower Pleistocene

Which basic element of human culture may have diminished the competition between males for access to females, lessening the importance of sexual dimorphism?

Marriage

The period of cultural history associated with the Neandertals is traditionally called the _______________ in Europe and the Near East and dates from about 300,000 years ago to about 40,000 years ago.

Middle Paleolithic

For Africa, the term ___________ is used to refer to the Neandertal period of cultural history.

Middle stone age

The theorists of which view believe that the "transitional" or "archaic" IL sapiens and the Neandertals and other definite H. sapiens represent phases in the gradual development of more "modern" anatomical features?

Multi Regional Theory

Which theory suggests that modern humans evolved in various parts of the Old World after Homo erecrus spread out of Africa?

Multi Regional Theory

According to which theory did most of the Neandertals and other premodern H sapiens not evolve into modern humans?

Single Origin Theory

The earliest definite H. sapiens, who did not look completely like modern humans, appeared about ___________ years ago

100,000

Only in the last ___________ years has the hominid brain doubled in relative size, and tripled in absolute size.

2 million

Shortly after _________________ years ago, hominids were cutting up animal carcasses for meat, mostly obtained through scavenging .

2 million

Substantial changes in the face, teeth, and jaws do not appear in hominid evolution until after _________ years ago .

2 million

The earliest identifiable stone tools found so far come from the various sites in East Africa and date from about _____________ years ago.

2.5 million years ago

There is fossil evidence that demonstrates that H. sapiens and Neandertal hominids co-inhabited the Near East for perhaps as much as ___________ years, strongly suggesting that the two are two different species.

30,000

The oldest of the H. sapiens sapiens fossils have been found in South Africa and may be years old.

50,000

Many anthropologists believe that Homo erectus may have begun to evolve into Homo sapiens after about ______________ years ago

500,000

DNA evidence suggests to researchers that the ancestors of modern humans and the Neandertal must have diverged about _________ years ago.

600,000

The stone toolmaking tradition known as the _____________ was named after the site in France where the first examples were found

Acheulian

Some of the locations where Homo erectus lived in eastern Europe and Asia were cold, and Homo erectus was able to adapt to these new and colder environments through ______________ .

Culture

Which refers to the dynamic, adaptive process of learned, shared , and integrated behaviors.

Culture

In 1891 ___________ found what he called Pithecanthropus erectus, meaning "erect ape man "

Eugene Dubois

All anthropologists agree that H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens. ( T / F )

False

Culture is an individual process. ( T/ F )

False

Some paleoanthropologists think that the finds in Europe typically classified as H. erectus are actually early examples of H. sapiens sapiens. ( T / F )

False

The H. erectus brain was larger than that found in any of the australopithecines, early Homo species, or modern humans. ( T / F )

False

The bifacial tools in the early stone tool assemblages are as plentiful and as claborated as in later tool traditions. ( T / F )

False

The earliest stone tools are clearly associated with early homo ( T / F )

False

The mixed traits of the transitional fossils include large cranial capacities, together with low foreheads and large brow ridges, which are characteristic of H. sapiens specimens. ( T/ F )

False

Use of tools is considered one sign of culture ( T / F )

False

__________ differs from modern Homo sapiens in retaining a large and prognathie face with relatively large teeth and jaws, a brow ridge, a long, low cranial vault with a sloping forehead, and in its overall robusticity.

H .heidelbergensis

Who were the first premodern humans to be found?

H. Neandertalensis

The _______ differed from the Neandertals and other early H. sapiens in that they had higher, more bulging foreheads, thinner and lighter bones, smaller faces and jaws, chins, and only slight brow ridges.

H. Sapiens Sapiens

The middle paleolithic cultures of ___________ were between 300,000 and 400,000 years ago

H. neandertalensis

_____________ is roughly contemporary with Homo habilis, and shares many of its features.

Homo Rudolphensis

All hominids found after 2.5 mya had a thumb capable of tool making ( T / F )

True

Compared with early Homo, H. erectus had relatively small teeth. ( T / F )

True

H. erectus was less sexually dimorphic than either the australopithecines or early Homo. ( T / F )

True

Many anthropologists think that the increase in brain size is linked to the emergence of stone + toolmaking. ( T / F )

True

Neandertals might go unnoticed in a cross section of the world's population today ( T / F )

True

Neanderthals were the first humanlike fossil finds. ( T / F )

True

Prolonged infant dependency has probably been of great significance in human cultural evolution. ( T / F )

True

Some scholars believe the differences between Homo erectus and modern humans are not large enough to call us different species. ( T / F )

True

Some scholars see enough differences between Asian and African populations of H. erectus to argue that they should be separated into two distinet species. ( T / F )

True

The Cro-Magnons are named after the rock shelter in France where they were first found in 1868 ( T / F )

True

The presumed place of origin of the first modern humans has varied over the years as new fossils have been discovered. ( T / F )

True

There are many scholars who argue that Homo heidelbergensis should be considered an archaic Homo sapiens. ( T/ F )

True

There are some scholars who argue that Homo erectus should be included in the Homo sapiens species. ( T / F )

True

Which period seems to mark a watershed in the evolution of human culture, allowing humans to expand their physical horizons across the globe and their intellectual horizons into the realms of art and ritual?

Upper Palaeolithic

What evidence makes it clear that humans did deliberately butcher different kinds of game?

different types of tools are found with different types of animals