Aragaki 4/18
Examples of Homo erectus were found first in _________
Java
Which term refers specifically to "core" tool techniques, in which a core of stone, rather than a flake, is used as the basic raw material for finished tools?
Lower Paleolithic
The oldest cultural materials from Olduvai (Bed I) date from the ________________ .
Lower Pleistocene
Which basic element of human culture may have diminished the competition between males for access to females, lessening the importance of sexual dimorphism?
Marriage
The period of cultural history associated with the Neandertals is traditionally called the _______________ in Europe and the Near East and dates from about 300,000 years ago to about 40,000 years ago.
Middle Paleolithic
For Africa, the term ___________ is used to refer to the Neandertal period of cultural history.
Middle stone age
The theorists of which view believe that the "transitional" or "archaic" IL sapiens and the Neandertals and other definite H. sapiens represent phases in the gradual development of more "modern" anatomical features?
Multi Regional Theory
Which theory suggests that modern humans evolved in various parts of the Old World after Homo erecrus spread out of Africa?
Multi Regional Theory
According to which theory did most of the Neandertals and other premodern H sapiens not evolve into modern humans?
Single Origin Theory
The earliest definite H. sapiens, who did not look completely like modern humans, appeared about ___________ years ago
100,000
Only in the last ___________ years has the hominid brain doubled in relative size, and tripled in absolute size.
2 million
Shortly after _________________ years ago, hominids were cutting up animal carcasses for meat, mostly obtained through scavenging .
2 million
Substantial changes in the face, teeth, and jaws do not appear in hominid evolution until after _________ years ago .
2 million
The earliest identifiable stone tools found so far come from the various sites in East Africa and date from about _____________ years ago.
2.5 million years ago
There is fossil evidence that demonstrates that H. sapiens and Neandertal hominids co-inhabited the Near East for perhaps as much as ___________ years, strongly suggesting that the two are two different species.
30,000
The oldest of the H. sapiens sapiens fossils have been found in South Africa and may be years old.
50,000
Many anthropologists believe that Homo erectus may have begun to evolve into Homo sapiens after about ______________ years ago
500,000
DNA evidence suggests to researchers that the ancestors of modern humans and the Neandertal must have diverged about _________ years ago.
600,000
The stone toolmaking tradition known as the _____________ was named after the site in France where the first examples were found
Acheulian
Some of the locations where Homo erectus lived in eastern Europe and Asia were cold, and Homo erectus was able to adapt to these new and colder environments through ______________ .
Culture
Which refers to the dynamic, adaptive process of learned, shared , and integrated behaviors.
Culture
In 1891 ___________ found what he called Pithecanthropus erectus, meaning "erect ape man "
Eugene Dubois
All anthropologists agree that H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens. ( T / F )
False
Culture is an individual process. ( T/ F )
False
Some paleoanthropologists think that the finds in Europe typically classified as H. erectus are actually early examples of H. sapiens sapiens. ( T / F )
False
The H. erectus brain was larger than that found in any of the australopithecines, early Homo species, or modern humans. ( T / F )
False
The bifacial tools in the early stone tool assemblages are as plentiful and as claborated as in later tool traditions. ( T / F )
False
The earliest stone tools are clearly associated with early homo ( T / F )
False
The mixed traits of the transitional fossils include large cranial capacities, together with low foreheads and large brow ridges, which are characteristic of H. sapiens specimens. ( T/ F )
False
Use of tools is considered one sign of culture ( T / F )
False
__________ differs from modern Homo sapiens in retaining a large and prognathie face with relatively large teeth and jaws, a brow ridge, a long, low cranial vault with a sloping forehead, and in its overall robusticity.
H .heidelbergensis
Who were the first premodern humans to be found?
H. Neandertalensis
The _______ differed from the Neandertals and other early H. sapiens in that they had higher, more bulging foreheads, thinner and lighter bones, smaller faces and jaws, chins, and only slight brow ridges.
H. Sapiens Sapiens
The middle paleolithic cultures of ___________ were between 300,000 and 400,000 years ago
H. neandertalensis
_____________ is roughly contemporary with Homo habilis, and shares many of its features.
Homo Rudolphensis
All hominids found after 2.5 mya had a thumb capable of tool making ( T / F )
True
Compared with early Homo, H. erectus had relatively small teeth. ( T / F )
True
H. erectus was less sexually dimorphic than either the australopithecines or early Homo. ( T / F )
True
Many anthropologists think that the increase in brain size is linked to the emergence of stone + toolmaking. ( T / F )
True
Neandertals might go unnoticed in a cross section of the world's population today ( T / F )
True
Neanderthals were the first humanlike fossil finds. ( T / F )
True
Prolonged infant dependency has probably been of great significance in human cultural evolution. ( T / F )
True
Some scholars believe the differences between Homo erectus and modern humans are not large enough to call us different species. ( T / F )
True
Some scholars see enough differences between Asian and African populations of H. erectus to argue that they should be separated into two distinet species. ( T / F )
True
The Cro-Magnons are named after the rock shelter in France where they were first found in 1868 ( T / F )
True
The presumed place of origin of the first modern humans has varied over the years as new fossils have been discovered. ( T / F )
True
There are many scholars who argue that Homo heidelbergensis should be considered an archaic Homo sapiens. ( T/ F )
True
There are some scholars who argue that Homo erectus should be included in the Homo sapiens species. ( T / F )
True
Which period seems to mark a watershed in the evolution of human culture, allowing humans to expand their physical horizons across the globe and their intellectual horizons into the realms of art and ritual?
Upper Palaeolithic
What evidence makes it clear that humans did deliberately butcher different kinds of game?
different types of tools are found with different types of animals
