ARC 2701 Quiz 3

Where is the Taj Mahal located?

Agra, India

Who built the Villa Rotonda?

Andrea Palladio

Who built the New Sacristy?

Michelangelo Buonarotti

Who built the Suleymaniye?

Mimar Sinan

What is important about the Pendentives of the main dome?

The Pendentives of the main dome are decorated with stylized calligraphy, as the Islamic religion is iconoclastic.

Who was the Suleymaniye complex built under?

The Suleymaniye is a complex that was built under the reign of Sultan Suleyman I.

What does it make reference to?

The Suleymaniye makes reference to the Hagia Sophia.

What was the villa built as?

The Villa Rotonda was built as a retirement estate.

What does the geometry over the garden show?

The ability to control/shape nature/water

What is the black marble on the outside?

The black marble in·laided in white marble is calligraphy.

What type of vault does it have?

The building has a barrel vault with enormous buttraces.

What is the construction of the building?

The building is made up of a brick structure, cladded in white marble.

Which way is the building oriented?

The building is oriented towards Mecca, as it is a Mosque of the Islamic religion, through the mehrab.

How is the buildings scale?

The building's scale is huge when related to the city.

When was San Lorenzo built?

1421-

When was San Andrea built?

1470, 1472-1494

When was the Tempietto built?

1502

When was the New Sacristy built?

1520-27, 1530-34

When was the Suleymaniye built?

1550-1557

When was the Villa Rotonda built?

1566

When was the Taj Mahal built?

1632-48

How many main domes are there?

2, One is proportional to the site and the other is proportional to the interior.

What is the Taj Mahal?

A Moseleum Tomb

What do the hanging lamps on the interior indicate?

A layer of hanging lamps give the building human scale and indicates the space we occupy.

What was the new Sacristy meant as?

A private chapel attached for devotion and the Medici family. also a tomb for Lorenzo II de Medici and Giulano de Medici.

What type of design does the porches/facade have?

A temple design. Each facade, which are exactly the same, are temple fronts and it is symmetrical on both axes. They also extend in the 4 cardinal directions.

What type of plan was it?

Central planned, square plan exuded upwards as a perfect cube, capped with a dome.

Who built the Tempietto?

Donato Bramante

Who commissioned the Tempietto?

Ferdinand and Isabella commissioned the Tempietto.

Who built San Lorenzo?

Filippo Brunelleschi

Where is San Lorenzo located?

Florence, Italy

Where is the New Sacristy located?

Florence, Italy

Where is the Suleymaniye located?

Istanbul, Turkey

What does the facade do?

It anticipates the tripartite form of the interior which is both religious and civic.

What type of order does it employ?

It employs a classical order, Doric order with the entablature on top.

what form does it follow?

It follows the form of the Roman baths, and has certain aspects of central planning. Alberti was known to merge the Roman triumphal arch,

What type of plan does San Lorenzo have?

It has a Latin cross plan with chapels on the side, which represents the religious iconic shape.

What representation does the church have overall?

It has an iconographic representation.

What aspects does it have?

It has aspects of being centrally planned.

Is the villa symmetrical?

It is Bilaterally symmetrical, it is also cubic but not a cube. The centripetal relationship is defined by the oculus, which creates a vertical axis, and emphasizes the center. This is also reinforced through the central plan of the villa.

What program does the Tempietto serve?

It is a martyrium which marks the spot where St. Peter was believed to be crucified.

What is the site of?

It is a site of devotion.

What does the building mark reference to?

It marks reference to roman architecture however, nothing else looks like it.

What type of church was it?

It was a longitudinal church and a western church.

Why was it built?

It was built because Suleyman wanted to turn the city into one worthy of an empire.

Why is the placement of the tomb in comparison to the garden important?

It was meant to be the throne of god before judgement into heaven. The Taj Mahal is placed right next to the river.

Who built San Andrea?

Leon Battista Alberti

Where is San Andrea located?

Mantua, Italy

How does the building appear?

Robust

What scale was it build at?

Roman Scale Architecture.

Where is the Tempietto located?

Rome, Italy

Who built the Taj Mahal?

Shah Jahan

What was the Taj Mahal desined for?

Shah Jahan's wife: Mumtaz Mahal

What was Sinan able to hide?

Sinan was able to hide the irregularity of the site and the building through the regular use of form in architecture.

Where are the remains of St. Peter?

St. Peter's remains are in the crossing of the Vatican in the crypt.

What was the church of San Lorenzo?

The Church of San Lorenzo was a center of worship for the religious community.

What marks the center of the rotunda?

The center of the dome is marked by an oculus, which makes reference to the humanist design of the building, as well as the Pantheon. The reference to Pantheon was due to the cardinal's interest in humanist philosophies, so he made references to Ancient Rome.

What do pilasters do?

The church uses pilasters that support the arches to give the illusion that columns are supporting it, which reinforces the idea of rediscovering perspectives through the use of proportions between columns.

What is the composition of the Tempietto?

The composition is a cylindrical-hemispherical form that forms a vertical axis that marks the spot of the martyrdom of St. Peter

What is important about the details?

The details seem squished into the architecture, with the pilasters in the corners being bent, while being flanked with two other pilasters.

What is the dome made with?

The dome is made with pendentives, which helps to mediate the dome and the cube.

What does the domed rotunda focus on?

The domes rotunda focuses on the center, vertical axis marks/caps the hill.

What does it have an emphasis on?

The emphasis is on the form, rather than the materials. The less importance of materials was due to the Venetians' rule of the Mediterranean Sea at the time, and suddenly could no longer afford to rely on money, because of the circumnavigation of Africa.

How is the entry marked?

The entry is marked in the base with stairs leading up to the door.

What does the facade have?

The facade has a triumphal arch in the middle as the principle entrance and 2 transepts, one on each side.

how are the fountains designed?

The fountains are designed to have the edges of the pool lower than the water line, where the water would then spill over, making it seem ethereal and eternal.

What are the materials of the interior space?

The inside is detailed with darker stone, while the structure is made of lighter stone.

What does the mosque feel like?

The mosque feels like it is at the center.

Is it square?

The mosque is close to a perfect square in plan, however, the mosque is both centrally and longitudinally planned. This is possible due to the exedrae and the arcades on both sides.

What does the dome make reference to?

The pantheon

What shows that this could have been an international project?

The presence of European craftsmen came to help to build the Taj Mahal.

What ratio does it follow?

The relationship between width and height follow a ratio of 2:1, which creates vertically.

What do the two sets of minarets emphasize?

The two sets of minarets are at the corners of the courtyard in front of the mosque, which emphasizes an axis of hierarchy.

What does the use of entablitures reference?

The use of entablitures, columns, and pilasters reference the classical world to engage the values of it.

What does the villa focus on?

The villa rotunda focuses on capping a hill but also serves as a belvidire for its owner. Focuses on center and outward

What is the whole building based off of?

The whole building is based on geometric proportion. The Circles always the same proportions, with many different sized arches all being semicircles, and the plan being a combination of different sized semicircles.

What is missing in this building?

There are no side aisels, there are only side chapels. The whole structure has no side aisles, and this means that it is much more focused on the end, with it being emphasized by the lit center, the barrel vault, and to the absence of columns.

What do the minarets do?

They define a space, a transparent space that is only penetrated by the main dome. The architecture is also used to "frame the sky", in that way controlling the sky.

What do the gardens represent?

They represent the gardens of paradise at the end of the world. The four fountains in the garden, represents the four river in heaven (from the Koran).

What is geometrical about the dome?

This is shown through the sphere directly sitting on the top of the cube, which makes reference to geometrical symbolism, with the circle referencing God, and the square referencing Man.

How is the perimeter emphasized?

Through the horizontal dark lines on the walls.

What was the function of the building?

To just be there, host parties and celebrations.

Where is the Villa Rotunda located?

Vicenza, Italy

What do the side aisles do?

the side aisles connect to the main nave.

Why was it built where it is?

it was constructed and designed to be outside the city in farmland and was able to create the villa as he wishes.