Arch 2040 Module 2
organically; evolutionistically
"function leads to form ___________ and ____________" louis sullivan
wainwright building
10 story tower clad in red terra-cotta panels in st. louis
grand tour
17th and 18th c custom a trip through europe (particularly to italy and greece) undertaken by upper-class young european men (mostly from england and nordic countries) as an educational rite of passage
doric ionic corinthian
3 Greek orders
paul wallot; cold war era with paul baumgarten; norman foster
3 main construction phases of reichstag building
viollet-le-duc, julien gaudet, felix duban
3 people who had influence at the Beaux Arts
doric ionic corinthian tuscan and composite
5 roman orders
john mead howells and raymond hood
Architects of the Chicago Tribune Tower
la tourette monastery
Based on its exterior appearance, it can be hard to tell this building is a monastery, but it consists of a central cloister with the chapel in the upper left and the monk cells, facing forward, on the upper floors. The exterior features rough concrete
Ronchamp Chapel
Le Corbusier's building advancement with concrete used for what building
Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite
Liberty! Equality! Fraternity! Chant used by French Revolutionaries.
Rue (Street) Franklin Apartment Building
Perrete first used concrete for what building's facade
Biltmore Estate
The largest privately-owned home in the United States; the house of the Vanderbilts
opera house
a socio-cultural event manifested in the building itself; a secularized institution that absorbs the role previously assumed by the church and royal court -- becomes a new cathedral and royal palace
institution
a system of rules that structure social interaction
authority over architectural policy
advantage that jefferson had for architecture
norman foster
after germany's reunification; win project to redesign reichstag building
william strickland
architect and civil who studied with benjamin latrobe; active mainly in philadelphia and nashville; promoted greek revival
finnish parliament building
architecture that combines neoclassicsm and early modernism with simplified columns and less decoration
john ruskin
art critic, writer, social thinker, philosopher, watercolorist who was an avid traveler and inspired by northern italian gothic
julian francis abele
b. in philadelphia; one of main architects for philadelphia museum of art and duke university's building
robert robinson taylor
b. in wilmington, NC; early education in abolitionist american missionary association's gregrory institute in wilmington; went to MIT School of Architecture; taught and worked as practicing arch at uskegee institute
parti
basic scheme of the building and fundamental solution of the functional program; to take a stand
postcolonialist discourse
begins in the aftermath of the mexican revolution
seven lamps of architecture
book john ruskin wrote in 1849
benjamin henry latrobe
british american architect who worked first in london in an architecture and engineer firm
john paxton
british gardner, architect and member of the parliament
TU Delft Library
building that transitioned what library was
chatsworth conservatory
builds greenhouses and the Great Conservatory; uses hollow cast-iron columns that double as drain pipes; standardized cast-iron parts that were mass produced
poverty, famine, high taxes borne by working class, discontent with the monarchy and church, their wealth and power
causes of french revolution
master plan of academical village
central axial lawn flanked by interlinked colonnaded pavilions, with the Rotunda (library) at one end
8 story neogothic pinnacle
chicago tribune competition to design the most beautiful skyscraper winner piece
eclecticism
combination of elements from different historical styles into one work
suppression of feudal system, individual freedom and emancipation, abolition of noble privileges, emergence of new institutions
consequences of french revolution
neogothic or gothic revival
cultural movement emerging in late 18th c as a form of resistance to neoclassical styles
henry hobson richardson
desgined salamanca cathedra, st. gilles du gard church, and trinity church
mckim, meade and white
designed boston public library
atlantida church
designed by eladio dieste, focused on innovative grid system
paul pelz and john smithmeyer
designed library of congress
richard morris hunt
designed several fifth avenue mansions including biltmore estate, french inspired apartments, the rusticated base of the statue of liberty
henri labrouste
designed st. genevieve library
jorn utzorn
designed sydney opera house
henri labrouste
designed upper reading room
eladio dieste
designer of atlantida church; known for his innovative grid work
gunnar asplund
designer of stockholm public library
louis kahn and harriet pattison
designers of kimbell art museum
19th c there is better knowledge of documentary sources (i.e. ancient ruins excavations at Pompeii and Herculaneum), new technologies, new building materials, aspirations for an architecture accessible to all
difference between neoclassicism (19th c) and Renaissance (14th-17th c) (4 of them)
composition
distribution, disposition and articulation of elements
series of standardized parts that fit into a basic grid -- use of graph paper -- plan and elevation
durand reduces all types of forms to what
economy, simplicity, convenience
durand replaces vitruvian triad firmitass utilitas venustas (solidarity, utlitiy, beauty) with what
atelier(studio)
educational system at the ecole
stockholm public library
elements of classical order reduced to geometrical forms; eliminates decoration; simple composition made of a cylinder and a prism; open access to shelves
neoclassicism
embodies the democratic ideals of boston and philadelphia
charles bulfinch
establishes first american architectural practice after the war and traveled to europe on the grand tour
great hall of people
example of chinese neoclassicm; was built to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the people republic of china
vanderbilts
example of entrepreneurial family
Church of Notre Dame de Rancy
exposed concrete structure - raw expression of materials designed by Perrete (not the first)
mies van roe
father of the grid
kimbell art museum
free plan with 3 courtyeards; landscape is critical for design
to establish universal architectural ideas through the study of five orders
goal of school of fine arts
mass tourism
grand tour was the beginning of what
tennessee state capital
greek revival; bi-axial symmetry; early example of use of structural iron; limestone from a nearby quarry; built with convict and slave labor; architect buried in the northeast wall
cymablista synagogue and jewish heritage center
has unifying rectangular base, 2 identical square volume arise; rectangular volumes rotate and open up into a circular shape (transition from earth to heavens); inscribed square roof within the circle creates arched segments that filter light down into spaces
interior of TU Delft Library
has wall of books against a blue wall; central columns support the structure and also provide heating and ventilation; cone creating quiet reading spaces underneath
richardson romanesque
henry hobsons style
10 months
how long did it take to build the great hall of the people (record time)
1/3
how much of world's industrial output was america producing after american renaissance
marche
imaginary experience of walking through a plan
lina bo bardi
immigrates to brazil with her husband, an art curator, piero maria bardi, and designs the sao paolo museum of art
colonial india
imposing the public buildings designed to convey the power of the british empire
palace of the assembly
in chandigarh, india; structure lift off ground on pilotis; free facade with sunbreakers; grid of columns and free plan; accessible roof
india, east pakistan (Bangledesh); west pakistan (pakistan); burm; ceylon (Sri Lanka)
india is split into what 5 states
book spiral
innovating organizing system in seattle public library
paul wallot
inspired by philadelphia's memorial hall for the reichstag building
bank of pennsylvania
ionic temple fronts; central dome over the rotunda (first true masonry vault in US); establishes the temple type as an appropriate form for american banks
point
its principal volume
Seattle Public Library
library as civic space; circulation of knowledge in all media
smithsonian national museum of african american history and culture
long overdue museum designed by david adjaye; illustrates how museums can offer a specific narrative about a universal message; "corona" shape, porch, and filigree envelope pattern (reference to african american craftsmanship)
form; function
louis sullivan "__________ ever follows ___________"
opium trade
main activities of east india company
thomas jefferson building
main reading room in library of congress
institution
mechanisms that govern the behaviros of a set of individuals
academical village
model of secular education
national assembly building
modernist building intended to create an identity to the newly established country of bangledesh; poured in place concrete with inlaid white marble
mexican muralists
movement that sought to be both modern and colonial
circulations
network of access and movement
industrial buildings(factories, warehouses, train station) and cultural buildings (St. Genevieve Library, Paris) and commercial spaces (covered galleries) and suspension bridges
new building typologies of new iron age
iron and glass and new building technologies
new materials of new iron age because of industrial revolution
academical village
one of the first state universities in the country
crystal palace
one of the largest structures ever built by john paxton; the great exhbition of the works of industry of all nations: industrial machines, handicrafts from British colonies, decorative arts, a model brick house for workers
use of steam and water power + use of machine tools
outcome of industrial revolution
french revolution
overthrows monarchy and establishesa republic which culminarets with Napoleon Bonaparte's dictatorship
influences many future revolutionary movements and gives birth to modern political ideologies of liberalism and secularism
positive consequence of french revolution
beaux arts
practice in the late 19th c
classical architecture, symmetry, rationality, hierarchy, lavish decoration
principles of school of fine arts in paris
industrial revolution
radical shift from hand production methods to mechanization that begins in great britian
scottish parliament building
resurgence of scottish nationalism in second half of 20th c; incorporates elements of scottish heritage: landscape, forms of upturn boats in a nearby shoreline, floral paintinggs by charles rennie mackintosh
charles rennie mackintosh
revered scottish architec and painter
description and design of a soldier's home
robert robinson taylor's thesis
design build
robert robinson was one of earliest instructors for what with his 45 buildings on his college campus
abstract and conceptual
school of fine arts buildings ordered sceme
creating large bathrooms for homeless people
seattle public library was innovating by doing what
universal matrix
simpliefies the greek and roman modular systems without reference to styles or historical sources
french revolution
social and political upheaval in france and its colonies
neo classicim to modernism
stockholm public library showed the transition of what styles
jnl durand
teacher at ecole polytechnique (polytchnic schools) - public works- mainly for engineers - promotes a rational approach to architecture
thrid world
term coined by jawaharlal nehru; developing countries that fell outsite the 2 predominant economic models (capitalist america and western europe and the commujnist east bloc)
functional and aesthetic
the movement of the human participant through the school of fine arts
mud stone brick
traditional building materials of new iron age
institution
transcend individuals and are identified with a social purpose
john ruskin and eugene emmanuel viollet le duc
two people most involved in gothic revival
ecole des beaux arts (school of fine arts), paris
unique 19th c phenomenon that promoted classical aesthetic traditions and ideas and atelier (studio); the most powerful entity that ever existed for training high skilled architects
academical village
university of virginia
american renaissance
unparalleled growth and wealth in the US by the end of the 19th c; flourishing of architectural patronage by entrepreneurial families
pilotis
use of reinforced concrete columns
neo classicism
western cultural movement manifested in architecture, visual and decorative arts, music, theater that draws inspiration from the culture of classical antiquity; the revival of the classical styles of antiquity
prussia, bavaria, saxony, wurttenberg
what 4 kingdoms unification are shown in the reichstag building
basement, shaft, attic
what are 3 elements of skyscraper
state house
what building did charles bulfinch design
tilted lawn
what creates the space for library in TU Delft Library
10 story height limit
what did chicago impose in 1893 during the economic crisis that caused architects to go to new york
notes on the state of virginia
what did jefferson write at the same time he was doing the architecture plan
concept or architectural heritage and ideas about preservation of built artifacts
what did the mass demolition of medieval buildings in france lead to
question of post-colonial architecture
what did the split of india cause
restores over 200 structures -- idealized version of a french vernacular
what did viollet-le-duc do
mass produced systems of construction
what industrial advancement allowed for the building of the american skyscraper
pantheon, rome
what inspired rotunda
asplund's library
what inspired the TU delft library
historic campus
what is unified in TU delft
iron and glass; no masonry
what materials was the crystal palace built with and what was it not built with
restores it and eliminates excessive decoration
what part does paul baumgarten play in the reichstag building
brutalist building
what sits opposite of TU delft library
great chicago fire, chicago school, chicago world's fair
what three things influenced the invention of the american skyscraper
dictionary of french architecture and discourses on architecture
what two 10 volume treaties did viollet-le-duc publish
concrete and white marble
what two materials are used in national assembly building
neoclassicism (facades) and viollet-le-ducs principles of structural rationalism (building structure)
what two thing inspired henri labrouste
first true masonry vaults and establishes temple type as form for banks
what two things are significant about the bank of pennsylvania
philadelphia
what was america's capital city after the american revolution
st. genevieve library in paris
what was boston public library inspired by
coincides with maximum extension of british empire; peak during reign of queen victoria
what was happening in england during the gothic revival
reinforced concrete
what was the important patented material in 1897
restorations to an idealized state that actually differ from the original
what was viollet-le-duc's ideas
1947
when was india's independence
structural rationalism
when you look at a building, you understand how it stands up
germany and england
where did gothic revival originate
france
where did neoclassicism originate
netherlands
where is the TU Delft Library
calcutta
where is the government house
dhaka, bangledesh
where is the national assembly building
boston
where was the first american architectural practice after the war
chicago
where were skyscrapers first built
walter hood
who desgined the shadowcatcher in university of virginia
mecanoo
who designed TU Delft Library
charles garnier
who designed opera house
johan sigfird siren
who designed the finnish parliament building
daniel burnham
who designed the flatiron building
zhang bo
who designed the great hall of the people
le corbusier
who designed the palace of the assembly in chandigarh
miralles and tagliabue
who designed the scottish parliament building
william strickland
who designed the tennessee state capital
adler and sullivan
who designed the wainwright building
cass girlbert
who designed the woolworth building
louis khan
who designs the national assembly building
louis sullivan
who does viollet-le-duc influence
renaissance
who else drew inspiration from classical antiquity
prime minister j. nehru
who envisions the new city of chandigarh as a commitment to modernity and a means of stimulating indian architectural talent through contact with accomplished foreign professionals
benjamin latrobe
who established the temple type as an appropriate form for american banks
auguste perret and brother gustave
who explored the potential of reinforced concrete as the new structural material of the age
french
who influences the neoclassical models in america
louis sullivan
who is responsible for the skyscrapers invention
viollet le duc
who was the founder of structural rationalism
woolworth building
world's talling building for 2 decades; neogothic skyscraper clad in white terra-cotta panels "Cathedral of Commerce" real estate speculation
johann wolfgang von goethe
writes an essay "On German Architecture" praising the Gothic manner of the Strasbourg Cathedral as the material expression of the German genius - nationalist undertones
