Arch 2040 Module 2

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organically; evolutionistically

"function leads to form ___________ and ____________" louis sullivan

wainwright building

10 story tower clad in red terra-cotta panels in st. louis

grand tour

17th and 18th c custom a trip through europe (particularly to italy and greece) undertaken by upper-class young european men (mostly from england and nordic countries) as an educational rite of passage

doric ionic corinthian

3 Greek orders

paul wallot; cold war era with paul baumgarten; norman foster

3 main construction phases of reichstag building

viollet-le-duc, julien gaudet, felix duban

3 people who had influence at the Beaux Arts

doric ionic corinthian tuscan and composite

5 roman orders

john mead howells and raymond hood

Architects of the Chicago Tribune Tower

la tourette monastery

Based on its exterior appearance, it can be hard to tell this building is a monastery, but it consists of a central cloister with the chapel in the upper left and the monk cells, facing forward, on the upper floors. The exterior features rough concrete

Ronchamp Chapel

Le Corbusier's building advancement with concrete used for what building

Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite

Liberty! Equality! Fraternity! Chant used by French Revolutionaries.

Rue (Street) Franklin Apartment Building

Perrete first used concrete for what building's facade

Biltmore Estate

The largest privately-owned home in the United States; the house of the Vanderbilts

opera house

a socio-cultural event manifested in the building itself; a secularized institution that absorbs the role previously assumed by the church and royal court -- becomes a new cathedral and royal palace

institution

a system of rules that structure social interaction

authority over architectural policy

advantage that jefferson had for architecture

norman foster

after germany's reunification; win project to redesign reichstag building

william strickland

architect and civil who studied with benjamin latrobe; active mainly in philadelphia and nashville; promoted greek revival

finnish parliament building

architecture that combines neoclassicsm and early modernism with simplified columns and less decoration

john ruskin

art critic, writer, social thinker, philosopher, watercolorist who was an avid traveler and inspired by northern italian gothic

julian francis abele

b. in philadelphia; one of main architects for philadelphia museum of art and duke university's building

robert robinson taylor

b. in wilmington, NC; early education in abolitionist american missionary association's gregrory institute in wilmington; went to MIT School of Architecture; taught and worked as practicing arch at uskegee institute

parti

basic scheme of the building and fundamental solution of the functional program; to take a stand

postcolonialist discourse

begins in the aftermath of the mexican revolution

seven lamps of architecture

book john ruskin wrote in 1849

benjamin henry latrobe

british american architect who worked first in london in an architecture and engineer firm

john paxton

british gardner, architect and member of the parliament

TU Delft Library

building that transitioned what library was

chatsworth conservatory

builds greenhouses and the Great Conservatory; uses hollow cast-iron columns that double as drain pipes; standardized cast-iron parts that were mass produced

poverty, famine, high taxes borne by working class, discontent with the monarchy and church, their wealth and power

causes of french revolution

master plan of academical village

central axial lawn flanked by interlinked colonnaded pavilions, with the Rotunda (library) at one end

8 story neogothic pinnacle

chicago tribune competition to design the most beautiful skyscraper winner piece

eclecticism

combination of elements from different historical styles into one work

suppression of feudal system, individual freedom and emancipation, abolition of noble privileges, emergence of new institutions

consequences of french revolution

neogothic or gothic revival

cultural movement emerging in late 18th c as a form of resistance to neoclassical styles

henry hobson richardson

desgined salamanca cathedra, st. gilles du gard church, and trinity church

mckim, meade and white

designed boston public library

atlantida church

designed by eladio dieste, focused on innovative grid system

paul pelz and john smithmeyer

designed library of congress

richard morris hunt

designed several fifth avenue mansions including biltmore estate, french inspired apartments, the rusticated base of the statue of liberty

henri labrouste

designed st. genevieve library

jorn utzorn

designed sydney opera house

henri labrouste

designed upper reading room

eladio dieste

designer of atlantida church; known for his innovative grid work

gunnar asplund

designer of stockholm public library

louis kahn and harriet pattison

designers of kimbell art museum

19th c there is better knowledge of documentary sources (i.e. ancient ruins excavations at Pompeii and Herculaneum), new technologies, new building materials, aspirations for an architecture accessible to all

difference between neoclassicism (19th c) and Renaissance (14th-17th c) (4 of them)

composition

distribution, disposition and articulation of elements

series of standardized parts that fit into a basic grid -- use of graph paper -- plan and elevation

durand reduces all types of forms to what

economy, simplicity, convenience

durand replaces vitruvian triad firmitass utilitas venustas (solidarity, utlitiy, beauty) with what

atelier(studio)

educational system at the ecole

stockholm public library

elements of classical order reduced to geometrical forms; eliminates decoration; simple composition made of a cylinder and a prism; open access to shelves

neoclassicism

embodies the democratic ideals of boston and philadelphia

charles bulfinch

establishes first american architectural practice after the war and traveled to europe on the grand tour

great hall of people

example of chinese neoclassicm; was built to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the people republic of china

vanderbilts

example of entrepreneurial family

Church of Notre Dame de Rancy

exposed concrete structure - raw expression of materials designed by Perrete (not the first)

mies van roe

father of the grid

kimbell art museum

free plan with 3 courtyeards; landscape is critical for design

to establish universal architectural ideas through the study of five orders

goal of school of fine arts

mass tourism

grand tour was the beginning of what

tennessee state capital

greek revival; bi-axial symmetry; early example of use of structural iron; limestone from a nearby quarry; built with convict and slave labor; architect buried in the northeast wall

cymablista synagogue and jewish heritage center

has unifying rectangular base, 2 identical square volume arise; rectangular volumes rotate and open up into a circular shape (transition from earth to heavens); inscribed square roof within the circle creates arched segments that filter light down into spaces

interior of TU Delft Library

has wall of books against a blue wall; central columns support the structure and also provide heating and ventilation; cone creating quiet reading spaces underneath

richardson romanesque

henry hobsons style

10 months

how long did it take to build the great hall of the people (record time)

1/3

how much of world's industrial output was america producing after american renaissance

marche

imaginary experience of walking through a plan

lina bo bardi

immigrates to brazil with her husband, an art curator, piero maria bardi, and designs the sao paolo museum of art

colonial india

imposing the public buildings designed to convey the power of the british empire

palace of the assembly

in chandigarh, india; structure lift off ground on pilotis; free facade with sunbreakers; grid of columns and free plan; accessible roof

india, east pakistan (Bangledesh); west pakistan (pakistan); burm; ceylon (Sri Lanka)

india is split into what 5 states

book spiral

innovating organizing system in seattle public library

paul wallot

inspired by philadelphia's memorial hall for the reichstag building

bank of pennsylvania

ionic temple fronts; central dome over the rotunda (first true masonry vault in US); establishes the temple type as an appropriate form for american banks

point

its principal volume

Seattle Public Library

library as civic space; circulation of knowledge in all media

smithsonian national museum of african american history and culture

long overdue museum designed by david adjaye; illustrates how museums can offer a specific narrative about a universal message; "corona" shape, porch, and filigree envelope pattern (reference to african american craftsmanship)

form; function

louis sullivan "__________ ever follows ___________"

opium trade

main activities of east india company

thomas jefferson building

main reading room in library of congress

institution

mechanisms that govern the behaviros of a set of individuals

academical village

model of secular education

national assembly building

modernist building intended to create an identity to the newly established country of bangledesh; poured in place concrete with inlaid white marble

mexican muralists

movement that sought to be both modern and colonial

circulations

network of access and movement

industrial buildings(factories, warehouses, train station) and cultural buildings (St. Genevieve Library, Paris) and commercial spaces (covered galleries) and suspension bridges

new building typologies of new iron age

iron and glass and new building technologies

new materials of new iron age because of industrial revolution

academical village

one of the first state universities in the country

crystal palace

one of the largest structures ever built by john paxton; the great exhbition of the works of industry of all nations: industrial machines, handicrafts from British colonies, decorative arts, a model brick house for workers

use of steam and water power + use of machine tools

outcome of industrial revolution

french revolution

overthrows monarchy and establishesa republic which culminarets with Napoleon Bonaparte's dictatorship

influences many future revolutionary movements and gives birth to modern political ideologies of liberalism and secularism

positive consequence of french revolution

beaux arts

practice in the late 19th c

classical architecture, symmetry, rationality, hierarchy, lavish decoration

principles of school of fine arts in paris

industrial revolution

radical shift from hand production methods to mechanization that begins in great britian

scottish parliament building

resurgence of scottish nationalism in second half of 20th c; incorporates elements of scottish heritage: landscape, forms of upturn boats in a nearby shoreline, floral paintinggs by charles rennie mackintosh

charles rennie mackintosh

revered scottish architec and painter

description and design of a soldier's home

robert robinson taylor's thesis

design build

robert robinson was one of earliest instructors for what with his 45 buildings on his college campus

abstract and conceptual

school of fine arts buildings ordered sceme

creating large bathrooms for homeless people

seattle public library was innovating by doing what

universal matrix

simpliefies the greek and roman modular systems without reference to styles or historical sources

french revolution

social and political upheaval in france and its colonies

neo classicim to modernism

stockholm public library showed the transition of what styles

jnl durand

teacher at ecole polytechnique (polytchnic schools) - public works- mainly for engineers - promotes a rational approach to architecture

thrid world

term coined by jawaharlal nehru; developing countries that fell outsite the 2 predominant economic models (capitalist america and western europe and the commujnist east bloc)

functional and aesthetic

the movement of the human participant through the school of fine arts

mud stone brick

traditional building materials of new iron age

institution

transcend individuals and are identified with a social purpose

john ruskin and eugene emmanuel viollet le duc

two people most involved in gothic revival

ecole des beaux arts (school of fine arts), paris

unique 19th c phenomenon that promoted classical aesthetic traditions and ideas and atelier (studio); the most powerful entity that ever existed for training high skilled architects

academical village

university of virginia

american renaissance

unparalleled growth and wealth in the US by the end of the 19th c; flourishing of architectural patronage by entrepreneurial families

pilotis

use of reinforced concrete columns

neo classicism

western cultural movement manifested in architecture, visual and decorative arts, music, theater that draws inspiration from the culture of classical antiquity; the revival of the classical styles of antiquity

prussia, bavaria, saxony, wurttenberg

what 4 kingdoms unification are shown in the reichstag building

basement, shaft, attic

what are 3 elements of skyscraper

state house

what building did charles bulfinch design

tilted lawn

what creates the space for library in TU Delft Library

10 story height limit

what did chicago impose in 1893 during the economic crisis that caused architects to go to new york

notes on the state of virginia

what did jefferson write at the same time he was doing the architecture plan

concept or architectural heritage and ideas about preservation of built artifacts

what did the mass demolition of medieval buildings in france lead to

question of post-colonial architecture

what did the split of india cause

restores over 200 structures -- idealized version of a french vernacular

what did viollet-le-duc do

mass produced systems of construction

what industrial advancement allowed for the building of the american skyscraper

pantheon, rome

what inspired rotunda

asplund's library

what inspired the TU delft library

historic campus

what is unified in TU delft

iron and glass; no masonry

what materials was the crystal palace built with and what was it not built with

restores it and eliminates excessive decoration

what part does paul baumgarten play in the reichstag building

brutalist building

what sits opposite of TU delft library

great chicago fire, chicago school, chicago world's fair

what three things influenced the invention of the american skyscraper

dictionary of french architecture and discourses on architecture

what two 10 volume treaties did viollet-le-duc publish

concrete and white marble

what two materials are used in national assembly building

neoclassicism (facades) and viollet-le-ducs principles of structural rationalism (building structure)

what two thing inspired henri labrouste

first true masonry vaults and establishes temple type as form for banks

what two things are significant about the bank of pennsylvania

philadelphia

what was america's capital city after the american revolution

st. genevieve library in paris

what was boston public library inspired by

coincides with maximum extension of british empire; peak during reign of queen victoria

what was happening in england during the gothic revival

reinforced concrete

what was the important patented material in 1897

restorations to an idealized state that actually differ from the original

what was viollet-le-duc's ideas

1947

when was india's independence

structural rationalism

when you look at a building, you understand how it stands up

germany and england

where did gothic revival originate

france

where did neoclassicism originate

netherlands

where is the TU Delft Library

calcutta

where is the government house

dhaka, bangledesh

where is the national assembly building

boston

where was the first american architectural practice after the war

chicago

where were skyscrapers first built

walter hood

who desgined the shadowcatcher in university of virginia

mecanoo

who designed TU Delft Library

charles garnier

who designed opera house

johan sigfird siren

who designed the finnish parliament building

daniel burnham

who designed the flatiron building

zhang bo

who designed the great hall of the people

le corbusier

who designed the palace of the assembly in chandigarh

miralles and tagliabue

who designed the scottish parliament building

william strickland

who designed the tennessee state capital

adler and sullivan

who designed the wainwright building

cass girlbert

who designed the woolworth building

louis khan

who designs the national assembly building

louis sullivan

who does viollet-le-duc influence

renaissance

who else drew inspiration from classical antiquity

prime minister j. nehru

who envisions the new city of chandigarh as a commitment to modernity and a means of stimulating indian architectural talent through contact with accomplished foreign professionals

benjamin latrobe

who established the temple type as an appropriate form for american banks

auguste perret and brother gustave

who explored the potential of reinforced concrete as the new structural material of the age

french

who influences the neoclassical models in america

louis sullivan

who is responsible for the skyscrapers invention

viollet le duc

who was the founder of structural rationalism

woolworth building

world's talling building for 2 decades; neogothic skyscraper clad in white terra-cotta panels "Cathedral of Commerce" real estate speculation

johann wolfgang von goethe

writes an essay "On German Architecture" praising the Gothic manner of the Strasbourg Cathedral as the material expression of the German genius - nationalist undertones


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