architecture study guide 16

Frank Lloyd Wright Fallingwater

Considered America's greatest architect. Pioneered the concept that a building should blend into and harmonize with its surroundings rather than following classical designs.

cantilever

A beam or structure that is anchored at one end and projects horizontally beyond its vertical support.

Louis Sullivan

design looks forward to the 20th century, but it nevertheless clings to certain architectural details rooted in classical history, most notably the heavy CORNICE (the projection roof ornament) that terminates upward movement at the top of the building. American architect of teh late nineteenth century whose designs reflected his theory that the outward form of a building should express its function

international style

• International style architecture emphasized clean lines, geometric (usually rectilinear) form, and an avoidance of superficial decoration. The "bones" of a building were supposed to show and to be the only ornament necessary.

Glidehouse

save time, cuts costs, reduces waste, and delivers a stronger; more precisely built product than traditional on-site construction. -offer average homeowners as affordable, "prepackaged" solutions to green design. efficient and affordable houses.

Rural Studio aan architecture of decency

t is a satellite school for architecture students at Auburn University in Alabama. • It was founded in 1993 to provide hands-on experience and to expose students to the social and ethical dimensions of their profession. • An on-going project is to design a house that can be built for $20,000.

Gustave Eiffel

designed the Eiffel Tower for the 1889 World's Fair in Paris. Made the Eiffel Tower and helped make the Statue of Liberty

steel frame construction

• A steel frame construction is a true skeleton-and-skin construction. • It is a steel cage that is capable of bearing the whole weight of the building; unlike other constructs where each floor is supported by the floors below. • The steel cage is then sheathed in a skin material.

green architecture

• Green architecture addresses the materials buildings are made of, the construction method used, and the technologies used to heat and cool them, to light the interior, and to supply electricity and water. • It also tries to incorporate green spaces and make things as environmentally friendly as possible.

Buckminster Fuller

• He designed the geodesic dome which is essentially a bubble formed by a network or metal rods arranged in triangles and further organized into tetrahedrons. • It can then be sheathed in lightweight materials.

Frank O. Gehry organic architecture

• He was one of the first to take advantage of digital design and fabrication. • He was interested in complex curving forms but did not know how to communicate his ideas. • He used a program called CATIA, which was developed for the French aerospace industry, and used it for architecture. • 13.31 is a picture of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao which was the first building Gehry designed on CATIA. • The building was first sketched on paper and a wood-and-paper model was constructed. The model was scanned into CATIA. • It is made of limestone, glass, and titanium panels over a steel framework.

construction methods

• It is a shell construction of precast reinforced concrete. • Reinforced concrete is made by having a steel mesh inside the concrete form.

Blur Building

• It was literally made of mist. • Water was pumped into its framework and shot as a fine mist through thousands of nozzles that dotted the framework. • To maintain the cloud of mist, the water pressure was recalculated every eight minutes according to feedback from sensors that monitored local temperature, humidity, wind strength, and wind direction.

Pompidou center in Paris

• The most spectacular element of the Pompidou-Metz is the undulating white canopy that shelters the center's galleries and atrium spaces.

California Academy of Sciences

• The roof look like a portion of the park is lifted up on the building. • The mounds provide ventilation and the surrounding glass has photovoltaic cells to generate electricity. • The soil absorbs rainwater and prevents runoff carrying building pollutants into the environment. • It also acts as an insulator keeping the building warmer in winter and cooler in summer.

institute for advanced architecture of catalonia

• This is Fab Lab House. • It was designed by students at the Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia. • It is made of plywood and fabricated using CNC machinery. • It started as a sphere and was deformed to achieve a surface area adapted to the Sun's path in Madrid. • The roof is covered in flexible solar panels. • The bubbles on the roof are solar waterheaters. • There is a space below for shaded outdoor activities.

Lever House in New York

• This is the Lever House which is built in the International style. • Unlike other buildings where the architects tried to use up all the airspace they could, the Lever House used far less and tended to be like two dominoes stacked off center on one another. • It also was raised off the ground by supports so that space under the building could be used.

Sydney Opera House

unusual world famous structure (with a soaring, shell-like roof and walls) that is considered a masterpiece of modern architecture

suspension bridge

A suspension bridge uses cables suspended from tall towers to hold up the deck and distribute the load. The tension and compression forces acting on the beam are distributed among the cables (which experience tension) and the towers (which experience compression).

balloon frame construction

Balloon-frame construction is a true skeleton-and-skin method. • The term balloon frame was meant to be sarcastic because skeptics thought the buildings would soon fall down or burst just like balloons.