ARH 151 Test 3 Vocab 2.2, 4.10, 4.11

andy warhol

American artist exactly copied the design of the product packaging - made plywood boxes built in his studio (the factory) and then silkscreened by hand - expand the boundaries of acceptable fine art practices to include popular imagery and commercial printing processes

sherrie levine

American artist known for her appropriation of famous paintings, sculptures, and photographs from the past - pieces generally by male artists who worked at a time when there were very few women in the art world - lead us to reconsider the structures of art institutions as they existed in the part - Fountain (after Marcel Duchamp)- cast in bronze

robert mapplethorpe

American artist photographed subjects that were highly sexualized and often related to his own interests as a gay man - carefully composed, elegantly lit, and technically perfect - reveals degree to which gender is a construction and suggests that not all people fit the conventional distinctions between the sexes - "Self Portrait #385

judy chicago

American artist realized many women had been forgotten over time and that women who seem prominent today might be omitted in the future - "The Dinner Party"

vincent van gough

Dutch artist emphasized the internal reality of what he felt rather than simply recording what he saw - Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear and Pipe

remembrant van rijn

Dutch painter portrayed himself in many guises and gave him opportunity to examine different facial expressions and character types - Self portrait with Saskia in the Scene of the Prodigal Son in the Tavern

ORLAN

French performance artist underwent series of plastic surgeries that transformed her appearance, and documented the entire process - to intervene in the historical representation of women in art by actively determining her own appearance

artemisia gentileschi

Italian Baroque painter - genres of historical, mythological, and religious paintings - depicted strong female figures with emotion, intensity, and power - "Judith Decapitating Holofernes" - heroine and Biblical

henry fuseli

Swiss born artist inspired by gruesome elements from folklore, horror stories, and the occult to make his own uniquely disturbing paintings - The Nightmare: depicts moment somewhere between sleep and death when the womans nightmare seems to come to life around her

psychoanalysis

a method of treating mental illness by making conscious the patient's subconscious fears or fantasies

stencil

a perforated template allowing ink or paint to pass through to print a design

binder

a substance that makes pigments adhere to a surface

performance artist

an artist whose work involved the human body (often including their own)

nude

an artistic representation of the naked human figure

installation

an artwork created by the assembling and arrangement of objects in a specific location

readymade

an everyday object presented as a work of art

found object

an object found by an artist and presented, with little or no alteration, as part of a work or as a finished work of art in itself

patron

an organization or individual who sponsors the creation of works of art

luminosity

bright, glowing quality

kachina

carved wooden doll made by the Native American Hopi, representing a supernatural being in human form as a masked dancer

spray paint

compressed air packaged in aerosal can and generally used for applying even coating on a slick surface - old way (in caves) was blowing saliva and pigment solution through a small tube - oldest painting technique

lorna simpson

confronted issues about treatment of women as well as assumptions regarding race in art and society - combination of text and imagery raise question about gendered and racial identity both verbally and visually - "You're Fine"

feminism

encouraged us to consider the role of women as both creators and subjects of important artork

guerilla girls

group of women artists in New York City that protest at the unequal treatment of female artists in the art world - public protests and lectures as well as flyers and posters

fresco secco

less durable and surface is less absorbent - paints onto freshly applied plaster

silkscreen

method of printmaking using a stencil and paint pushed through a screen

pop art

mid twentieth- century artistic movement inspired by commercial art forms and popular culture

impasto

paint applied in thick layers

dorothea lange

photographer that captures the intimacy of family that has very little but each other - draws attention to the nature and enduring quality of the bond - "Migrant Mother"

tempura

pigment with egg yolk - transparent soft glow; incorporates oil and gold leaf - texture and realistic appearance - short thin strokes and careful detail - with a brush and dries immediately - Egyptian tombs

acrylic

pigments suspended in acrylic polymer resin - dry quickly and cleaned up with water

buon fresco

prepare wall surface by rendering undercoat of rough plaster - adds further layer of plaster and allow dry for several days - final plaster layer, artist paint pigment suspended in water - decorate interior of churches

conceptual

relating to or concerning ideas

encaustic

semi- transparent paint medium that was used by the ancient Greeks and Romans - pigment mix with hot wax - on wood panel - palette knife, brushes, or rags

gouache

suspend pigment in water with a sticky binder (gum arabic) which helps pigment adhere to surface of paper when dry - additive (chalk) makes paint opaque (not transparent) - on paper

watercolor

suspend pigment in water with a sticky binder (gum arabic) which helps pigment adhere to surface of paper when dry - transparent - on paper - white areas are unpainted

fresco

technique in which the artist paints onto freshly applied plaster - Crete, Egyptian tombs, Roman - pigment mix with water applied to lime- plaster surface; plaster absorbs color and pigment bind to lime as it sets

pigment

the colored material used in paints - often made from finely ground minerals

appropriation

the deliberate incorporation in an artwork of material originally created by other artists

oil

used as a binder with the pigment - adheres to cloth support because it is flexible - thin layers, slow drying - luminosity

james abbott mcneill whistler

American artist used music as the inspiration for an artwork - Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket: depicting a firework display he had seen in London - not interested in conveying a story or a recognizable moment but instead had wanted to focus on line, form, and color - critic say they were unsure of what they were seeing by presenting work that was incomplete or carelessly done

catherine opie

American artist used photography to investigate the nuances of gender and identity - pictures include studio portraits of her lesbian friends - introduce some viewers to new ways of life - celebration of individuality - "Melissa and Lake, Durham North Carolina"

jackson pollock

American painter undergoing Jungian psychoanalysis - Male and Female understood as an integration of the masculine and feminine elements and reflection of a balanced psyche - interpreted through Jungian analysis - inspired by surrealist approached for tapping into the unconscious mind access what might be seen as universal ideas about humanity

Cindy sherman

American photographer plays the role of all of the women portrayed - images are about the representations of the women being shown and the ways that each viewer interprets them - "Untitled Film Stills"

Lewis wickes Hines

American sociologist and photographer celebrated the positive connection between the worker and the machines he used - records the commanding role the worker played as the driving force behind the progressive industrial era - "Power House Mechanic Working on Steam Pump" - earlier projects condemned the exploitation of children in factories and mines

Jenny Saville

British painter unconventional approach to the self portrait - comment on society's expectations of the kind of body a woman should have - confronting/ exaggerating the imperfections of reality - comment on the conflict relationship women sometimes have with their own body image - Branded

john coplan

British photographer directly challenges traditional views of the ideal male nude - realities of aging body in direct and personal ways - "Self Portrait Sideways no.3"

frida khalo

Mexican artist combining depictions of her physical appearance with metaphorical references to her feelings - The Two Fridas

edvard munch

Norwegian artist used realm of his own mind as inspiration for The Scream - tragic life, illness, and depression motivate art - an actual event- possible volcanic eruption or intense sunset or attack of agoraphobia - what he felt