art 100 chapter 12

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For the ancient Olmecs, what was jade?

It represented plant life and rainwater.

Which of the following is true of the ivory trade?

It severely impacted the world's elephant population. It was a global network that once moved ivory around the globe.

Look at this image. What do we know about this late 15th or early 16th century ivory vessel?

It was designed to hold salt. It resembles a large European drinking glass, a goblet. It was created by sculptor of the Sapi culture in present day Sierra Leon, west Africa.

When a metal is shaped through hammer blows, it is called ______.

forging

Which of the following types of artwork does decorative arts describe

textiles, ceramics, and metalwork

The process of putting clay on the spinning disk of a potter's wheel, then shaping it with the hands, is called ______.

throwing

Referring to ceramics, textiles, metalwork, and woodwork as applied arts suggests that these objects are merely ______.

utilitarian

Because ______ is renewable, available, and easily carved, almost all civilizations, old and new, have made objects from it.

wood

When glass is heated, it becomes _______ , or melted.

molten

Look at this image. Which was an innovation of the ancient Egyptian Chair of Hetepheres?

It was portable with armrests.

When did artists working in traditional "craft" media begin to claim their place in the fine arts world?

1960s

What is the fastest method of creating a hollow, rounded form in clay?

A potter's wheel

This ivory vessel from Sierra Leone combines _______ and_______ forms and imagery.

African, European

What was the 19th-century movement that promoted the handmade object and held exhibitions of pottery, textiles, and woodworking?

Arts and Crafts movement

To shape a hollow glass vessel, an artist can dip a long metal tube into molten glass, and then do what?

Blow air into the tube to create a bubble in the glass.

Jade is known for which property?

Extreme hardness

Which substance is made from silica, or sand, which can be heated, shaped, cooled, and reheated?

Glass

Which metals may be forged cold?

Gold

Who was the most prominent advocate for the Arts and Crafts movement in the United States?

Gustav Stickley

Look at this image. How was this Chinese jade basin carved?

In high relief

What historical event threatened the future of handmade craft objects?

Industrial Revolution

Look at this image. Produced in Greece during the 16th century B.C.E. this rhyton is a metal that can be manipulated in what way?

It can be worked at room temperature.

For what reasons have artists and patrons adopted ivory as a material?

It is a luxury material. It is a easy carve intricate designs in ivory. Ivory is a resilient material.

Which material is derived from the teeth of large mammals?

Ivory

why do artists using lacquer need to exercise great patience?

Lacquer requires many layers to make a solid coat

In what ways does being hollow help a ceramic object?

Most ceramics are meant to hold things. It is hard to fire solid clay, which might explode in the kiln.

What is fiber?

Pliable, threadlike strand

What are sheets of colored glass joined together with strips of lead called?

Stained glass

Why were jade, ivory, and lacquer prized by numerous cultures?

Their rarity

What is one task of a designer?

To translate technological advances into aesthetically pleasing objects

For what is jade the common name?

Two minerals, nephrite, and jadeite

Which form of fiber art involves placing two sets of parallel fibers at right angles and interlacing one set with the other?

Weaving

For what reasons can we assume that only a small fraction of the wooden objects created over time still survive?

Wood is susceptible to insects. Wood is an organic material. Wood is susceptible to water. Wood is susceptible to fire.

According to Gustav Stickley, in industrial design, the role of a(n) ___________ is to design an object that can be made by industrial methods.

artist

The technique of melting metal to a liquid state and pouring it into a mold is called ______.

casting

which are considered to be vegetable fibers?

cotton flax raffia


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