ART 100 Unit 2
What parts need to be present for a camera to be functional?
A lens An opening A light-sensitive surface
What made the computer arts appealing to a variety of industries?
Ability to communicate images digitally
Which roles in the making of a film are considered the artists?
Actors Directors Editors
Cassidy Curtis uses the website Graffiti Archeology to do what?
Allow visitors to view progressive photos of graffiti work
Who is credited with inventing lithography?
Alois Senefelder
Charles Le Brun depicts a war and what else in The Battle of Granicus?
An elaborate border that works as a frame for the scene
Diego Rivera was commissioned by the Mexican revolutionary government to create what subject matters in his piece Mixtec Culture?
Ancient civilization Mexican people
What attributes best characterize acrylic paints?
Applied in heavy layers Applied in thin translucent washes Used on a variety of surfaces
What parts are exposed to the acid in the etching process?
Areas where the ground was removed
Why did Pictorialism lose popularity during World War I?
Artists were experimenting and exploring new trends in art.
What happens to the image when a monotype is sent through the press more than once?
Becomes distorted from the original
Which characteristics would you find in a photograph taken by a Pictorialist?
Blurring certain details Varied tonal range
How do ancient encaustic paintings' colors look as they age?
Bright as the day they were painted
What device was developed during the Renaissance to harness the principles of light as observed by the mathematician Alhazen?
Camera obscura
Which characteristics makes watercolor a desirable medium to work with?
Can be easily transported Create quick sketches Use paper for the support
Which term describes a preliminary drawing done to scale in preparation for fresco painting?
Cartoon
Which sculpting method includes using a specifically shaped container into which the liquid is poured and then allowed to cool and harden?
Casting
The process of making paper that is used today was invented where?
China
What is the most common sculptural material used for modeling?
Clay
What is the main goal of graphic design?
Communicate a specific message
By the 1980s, which items caused the digital revolution in art?
Computer Internet
How are artists changing their approaches to printmaking?
Considering non-traditional surfaces Using them in three-dimensional pieces
Which crayon uses pigment mixed with clay and a small amount of binder?
Conté
What did tempera painting allow Jacob Lawrence to do compared to other media?
Create a large number of paintings for his series quickly
By making series of paintings within a particular theme, what did Jacob Lawrence accomplish?
Create a narrative
What kind of director is an auteur?
Creator of stylistic films
What are some of the advantages of the linocut printing process?
Cuts are easier to make in any directions since it does not have a grain. The soft material linoleum is made from makes it easier to cut.
Which are methods used in carving?
Cutting Gouging Chipping
What are the common themes depicted in many of Howling Wolf's drawings?
Daily life, Warfare
What trait does graphite possess?
Dark gray sheen
For paint to be brushed easily on a surface what needs to be done to it?
Diluted
How was the illusion of smooth motion created in an animated feature?
Each frame is drawn then photographed.
The Mausoleum of Galla Placidia contains what kind of symbolism?
Early Christian
Look at this image. Why did this funeral portrait deviate from the stylized look of Egyptian art?
Egypt was under Roman rule.
Especially popular during the Renaissance, ______ were used to disseminate images of well-known art works and Roman antiquities.
Engravings
Asphalt, acid, and needles are all supplies used in what printmaking process?
Etching
What kind of technique is photogravure?
Etching
What inspired Georgia O'Keeffe to use simple forms and compositions?
European Modernism
Based on the ancient Egyptian convention of depicting human form, how are the pharaoh Menkaure and Khamerenebty portrayed?
Facing straight forward, with the pharaoh's arms arms stiff at his sides With idealized facial features and bodies
What are the advantages of using bronze to cast sculptures?
Flows freely when poured Can create smooth, rounded shapesIs Is extremely durable
The School of Athens, a painting by the Renaissance artist Raphael that is featured in the Vatican Palace, exemplifies which painting method?
Fresco
What painting technique has the pigment mixed with water, and then applied to dry plaster?
Fresco secco
What animation character is credited with being the inspiration of many famous animated animals?
Gertie
Which of the following does Shepard Fairey use in his art practice?
Graphic design Street art
What does Wafaa Bilal do to get the audience to interact with his piece Domestic Tension?
He allowed people to shoot him with a paint gun over the internet.
How does Chris Ofili create depth in his piece Prince among Thieves with Flowers?
He uses pencils that vary in hardness and softness.
Why are the motifs in Mariposa prepared on pieces of plastic?
Helps to create a flat surface Makes it easier to remove the acrylic from
Look at this image. Which artist created the following poster that highlighted the entertainment at a famous cabaret?
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
When acrylics are applied in thick, heavy layers, it is known as ______.
Impasto
The woodcut process involves which steps?
Ink covers the raised areas The drawn image is craved out of the block
Why did mezzotint become the preferred printing process for reproducing images of paintings?
It allowed for the most accurate reproduction of areas of shading.
How did George Eastman's invention of celluloid film enable the development of commercial motion pictures?
It allowed multiple images to be strung together.
How does the internet aid Wafaa Bilal in his performance art?
It allows him to interact globally with a wider audiences.
What does brushing a soft cloth over charcoal create?
It blends to create soft transitions. It can erase drawn lines.
Which qualities best describe oil paint?
It can be applied in a range of consistencies. Areas can be easily scraped away for revisions.
What are the advantages to canvas as a painting surface?
It can be stretched to any desired size. The light weight allows for easy transport.
What feature associated with acrylic makes it desirable for Beatriz Milhazes' piece Mariposa?
It dries into a waterproof plastic.
Which statements describe encaustic paintings?
It is created by mixing pigment with wax and resin. It is named after the Greek word for "burning in."
How is black chalk different from charcoal?
It is made of carbon and clay.
Why do much ancient art that still exists in the 21st century made of terra cotta?
It was surprisingly durable.
What artist is known for the painting technique of placing canvas on the ground so as to drip and splatter paint from above?
Jackson Pollack
Using collage and encaustic, what artist painted Numbers in Color?
Jasper Johns
Which are the reasons Wifredo Lam uses gouache for his piece The Jungle?
Large areas of color covered uniformly Versatility with opaqueness
Holy Women at the Tomb by Girolamo dai Libri possess which characteristics associated with tempera?
Layers of paint to create form Brilliant colors
Look at this image. How does Winslow Homer blend colors in Key West, Hauling Anchor?
Layers were washed while the layers were wet.
The Great Art of Light and Shadow depicts a portable camera obscura arrangement developed by ______.
Leonardo di Vinci
Smoothing the rough areas on a mezzotint creates what?
Light tones
How many copies can be produced from one drypoint plate?
Limited
Look at this image. What did Albrecht Dürer focus on when designing well-balanced letterforms such as these?
Line thickness Visual weight
Which process of designing and creating a printing plate is most similar to drawing?
Lithography
How did the invention of the printing press aid in graphic design's development?
Mass production
An impression is made from what kind of surface?
Matrix
Traditional oil paints are diluted with what items?
Mineral spirits Turpentine
Why is metalpoint not widely used today?
Mistakes are not easily changed or erased.
What group of artists began exploring "off the wall" painting techniques that moved beyond traditional easel paintings?
Modern
______ is fabricated of durable material that could be used on ceilings, walls, or floors.
Mosaic
During the Renaissance, why was mosaic largely abandoned in favor of fresco?
Mosaics were considerably more expensive Frescoes created more naturalistic compositions
Which photographer first developed technology to capture an object in motion?
Muybridge
What steps occur during the relief printing process?
Negative spaces are carved away. Line work stays raised from the matrix.
Oil paints are considered what kind of medium?
Nonaqueous
What subject matters did Georgia O'Keeffe primarily paint?
Objects from nature Desert landscapes
A work that uses medium other than paint must have what characteristics to be considered a painting?
Obvious recognition of painting history and traditions The scale and force of a painting
Why were two full sets of The Battle of Granicus created?
One set was used as gifts for visiting royals, diplomats, and dignitaries. One set was used to decorate the walls of the king's royal palace.
Raphael's fresco The School of Athens is said to present which of the following ideals of the Renaissance?
Order Beauty Architecture
Which are attributes of graphic design?
Organized layouts Controlled interpretations
How did printed materials change the artmaking process?
Paper became a medium.
Which methods of applying ink has the most controlled, sustained, and flexible line?
Pen
What is a common theme found in Nancy Spero's paintings that is found in her mosaic Artemis, Acrobats, Divas, and Dancers?
Performance
Which developments brought about the concept of photojournalism around 1900?
Photomechanical reproduction
What components are used to create paints?
Pigment, Binder, Vehicle
What does high-quality printers for inkjet prints use?
Pigment-based inks
In relation to drawing media, what is pigment?
Powdered coloring material
Invented during the 19th century, what was photogravure originally used for?
Print photographs and photographic reproductions of art
What step is part of all intaglio printing process?
Printing on damp paper
Which statement describes the unique qualities of printmaking as an art form?
Prints can be quickly and inexpensively reproduced to reach a broad public.
What is the main objective of forming a brand identity spearheaded by a logo?
Project a cohesive image that is consistent with how the brand wants to be perceived
Which are inking methods?
Quill Rapidograph Brush
Before metal tipped pens, artists used what types of pens?
Quill Reed
______ is the metal-tipped pen that creates thin, uniform lines.
Radiograph
When inking a relief matrix, what areas does the ink rest?
Raised
Chalk that contains iron oxide will produce what color?
Red
What printing process aligns all the blocks in a multi-block print?
Registration
When using multiple colors in screenprinting, what is required to create quality prints?
Registration
In what ways did modern artists redefine easel painting?
Removed the canvas from support systems Used unconventional surfaces
Easel paintings first became popular during the ______ period.
Renaissance
Which qualities define the tempera medium?
Retains brilliance and clarity of colors for centuries Uses egg yolk or milk products as a binder Aqueous medium (uses water as a vehicle)
Look at this image. How does Amy Sillman use oil paints in the painting Nut?
Rework the piece using different techniques
When very little water is added to gouache, what effect can be expected?
Saturated, opaque color
How does Georgia O'Keeffe use scale in White Shell with Red?
She places emphasis on the form of the shell.
Look at this image. How does Ester Hernandez incorporate design in her poster?
She uses a familiar branding image.
If in the ancient world statues were often believed to have had an ambiguous, porous relationship to life, then which of the following can be said?
Statues could offer physical protection for the bodies of the dead. Statues could become reanimated through the intense devotion of the living. Statues could stand in for the bodies of dead individuals in rituals and ceremonies.
Which film advances are direct descendants of Eadweard Muybridge's experiments?
Stop-motion photography Continuous-motion photography
To keep ink from passing through certain areas on the screen the printmaker does what to those areas?
Stops out
What type of photography is the composition framed in the viewfinder, photographed, and printed without manipulation?
Straight photography
How did Shepard Fairey help promote presidential candidate Barack Obama in 2008?
Street art
Taking a block of marble and carving a human figure out of it is considered to be what kind of sculptural process?
Subtractive
What weaving technique requires the use of a loom where weft threads are built up in particular area on warp threads?
Tapestry
Look at this image. What best describes the characteristics of watercolor seen in Winslow Homer's painting Key West, Hauling Anchor?
Textured paper with layers of translucent washes
What are the advantages of monotype?
The ability to use an unlimited range of colors, shades, and hues Freedom to use any drawing or painting techniques in the design
What is assemblage?
The art of bringing together individual objects to form a sculpture
How did Lynda Bengalis's "fallen paintings" challenge the traditional boundaries of easel painting?
The compositions were determined by the unrestrained flow of the paint. They were detached from the constraints of walls. They had a three-dimensional sculptural presence.
Why would some argue graphic design is similar to fine art?
The designer seeks to communicate information.
Why is the Gutenberg Bible a challenge for modern readers?
The difficult layout of the text
What makes wood engraving appealing to artists?
The ease at creating fine white lines
Look at this image. How does the viewer recognize that this is an engaged couple in A Goldsmith in His Shop?
The girdle sitting on the counter
The light value of the flowers in Prince among Thieves with Flowers indicate what about the pencil used?
The graphite consists of lots of clay.
What steps occur in an intaglio printing process?
The lines of the design are incised into the printing matrix. The ink fills the lines on the matrix surface.
When composing an aquatint, how do you create a darker area of color or heavier line?
The plate is left in the acid bath longer so the plate will hold additional ink.
What was Auguste Rodin memorializing in The Burghers of Calais?
The self-sacrifice of six townsmen of 14th-century Calais
Mosaics are similar to pointillism in what way?
The smaller pieces create a larger image.
What is the primary advantage of aquatint?
The wide diversity of tones that can be accomplished
Look at this image. What is the formal pose of Menkaure and Khamerenebty meant to convey?
Their eternal existence The power of the rulers Their status as "junior gods"
In lost-wax casting, what is the purpose of the metal pins placed into the clay core?
They hold the core in place after the wax melts.
When water is added to pastels, what happens?
They thin and can be treated like paint.
How was graphic design used in film and television?
Titles Advertisements
Why did Shepard Fairey create stickers and stencils with Andre the Giant's face?
To get a reaction out of people
How can white chalk be used in drawings or paintings?
To highlight small areas
When tempera is painted on a wood panel, how is gesso used?
To prepare a surface on to which pigments can be applied
What is the leading characteristic of watercolor paints?
Transparency
What advantages does Shepard Fairey have as a designer and artist?
Unique designs Technical knowledge Use of various materials
What made Howling Wolf's drawings different from other ledger artists?
Use of color and pattern
What technology did artists embrace more than film because it could record and playback the image?
Video
What are the reasons artists took quickly to video when it first became available?
Videos could be recorded and played back instantly Video monitors fit in well in gallery spaces
Which photographer was adherent to straight photography?
Walker Evans
What is gouache?
Watercolor with inert white pigment added
What symbols are referenced in Wifredo Lam's The Jungle?
West African Roman Catholic
What are the principal materials used for carving?
Wood Stone
Barbara Kruger combined which two aspects of graphic design to influence how viewers interpreted her work?
Word and image
Watercolor and similar types of paints that are diluted with water are considered
aqueous
The substance that allows drawing media either to be bound together or suspended in fluid is called
binder
Traditionally the preparatory ground of a metal point drawing is made from which materials?
bone ash glue white pigment
What drawing material is made of charred wood?
charcoal
In graphite, ______ controls the lightness and darkness of the drawing material.
clay
Some people in the art field distinguish between assembling, which brings sculpture parts on or near each other, and ____ , which joins the pieces through a process such as welding or nailing.
constructing
What drawing material uses a greasy binder, clay, and pigment to be formed into an array of colorful sticks?
conté
Oil pastels are similar to what drawing material?
crayon
In the Renaissance painters were often commissioned to ______ tapestries.
design
The print process in which an artist uses a sharp point to incise a soft thin line into a copper plate is called ______.
drypoint
In Europe, the process for producing decorative designs on suits of armor led to the development of the ______ print process.
engraving
True or false: All paintings use paint as a medium.
false
Early negatives were produced on ______.
glass
Because the Industrial Revolution allowed for mass production, the use of graphic design for commercial purposes ______.
increased
Because of the proliferation of ______ versions of many printmaking technologies, printed images are quite common in modern everyday life.
industrial
____ is a soft, uniformly-grained, material that can be carved easily and was frequently used as a sculptural material in southern in Germany during the Renaissance.
limewood
The number of impressions that can be made from a linocut is:
limited due to the material
Some artists use ______ to generate initial compositions for paintings.
photoshop
With fresco, pigments are mixed with water and applied to a ______ support.
plaster
The liquid form of ceramic used in casting is called
slip
What is the main ingredient found in chalk?
soft stone
The artist Jacob Lawrence used ______ in his series of paintings portraying the Great Migration because he preferred the "raw, sharp, rough" effect of the colors.
tempera
Mosaic is made up of small particles called ______.
tesserae
The small rocks or stones placed in cement close together to create an image, are known as ______.
tesserae
The process of diluting ink with water when drawing is known as
wash
Degas used ______ to blend the colors in The Singer in Green.
water
How is a wash created using pastels?
water
The pigment particles in ink is suspended in
water