ART 110 -Ch 21

Gustave Courbet's massive painting A Burial at Ornans sparked many contrasting opinions when first shown in 1850. How did detractors of the work identify the painting?

"The cult of the ugly"

For what reasons does Pierre-Auguste Renoir's Le Moulin de la Galette serve as a good example of Impressionism?

- It depicts dappled sunlight that shines and dances through the leaves. - Its subject matter includes the outdoors.

Expressionism largely developed in what century and country?

20th-century Germany

What was new and different for the art students' course of study at the Bauhaus school of design?

A blending of the divisions between disciplines

Merit Oppenhiem created a Surrealist work titled Object, an example of incongruence. What are the two things that she melded together to create a sense of unease by their incompatibility?

A teacup and rabbit fur

After World War I, what did artists, designers, and architects find themselves trying collectively to see?

A world that was better than it had been before

What was a lingering effect of the Fauvist movement?

Artists were free to use color without feeling bound to nature.

Founded by Walter Gropius, the ____ was a school of design that focused on the stripping down of embellishments and the paring down to clean lines.

Bauhaus

What does the word Bauhaus translate to in English?

Building house

What principle ideas of the Bauhaus movement is utilized in this poster by Herbert Bayer?

Industrial look Primary colors Font lacking serifs Geometric forms

Members of the Die Brücke (The Bridge) group, like Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, created compositions that included which characteristics?

Intense arbitrary colors Wavering contours

How does Eugene Delacroix's "The Women of Algiers exemplify the Romantic movement?

It features figures in a exotic setting.

How does Berthe Morisot's Summer's Day exemplify the Impressionist style?

It has short, color-laden brush strokes that capture the light.

Piet Mondrian was a prominent member of the De Stijl group, who prized streamlined order and geometry in art. What did he believe about nature?

It is full of irrationality and could lead to things like war.

Why was the Dada artistic movement important to future artists?

It questioned the status quo of everything, including who decides what is art.

Why is Thomas Cole's View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm (The Oxbow) an example of American Romanticism?

It shows majestic representations of nature.

What key elements offended detractors of Courbet's A Burial at Ornans?

Its size, lack of sentimentalization, and ordinary subjects

What notorious painting by Edouard Manet was exhibited at the Salon des Refusés?

Luncheon on the Grass (Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe)

What were some of the modern technological devices that shocked the world with their destruction during World War I?

Machine guns Submarines Poison gas

Who was the primary artist of the De Stijl movement?

Piet Mondrian

Based off of his interest in color theory, Georges Seurat developed a technique of painting involving small dots of color placed close together and blended by the eye. What was the name of this technique?

Pointillism

What is a work of art that is created out of "found" components such as a bicycle wheel or a shovel called?

Ready-made

The movement that began early in the 19th century, in opposition to both the Neoclassicism and Romanticism was called ______.

Realism

Giorgio de Chirico believed that for art to enter the realm of dreams, what must the art exclude?

Recognizable material

What were the inspirations of Surrealist works?

Sexual drive Sigmund Freud Dreams

What European school of painting was American artist Mary Cassatt invited to join?

The Impressionists

Which work did Salvador Dali create from a dream, considered to be the most famous Surrealist work?

The Persistence of Memory

What substance did Umberto Boccioni believe that the artist must infuse into each work of art?

The energy that surrounds us, to give life to the work

What inspired the group of artists called the Futurists?

The idea of describing motion as was newly experienced by way of modern machinery

Which are characteristics of early Cubism?

The inclusion of nontraditional elements such as "primitive" African and Iberian art - The fragmentation of figures as if seen from multiple perspectives - The merging figure and ground where forms blend and intersect with the background

Where did American artists find their inspiration for Romanticism?

The landscape

How does Pablo Picasso portray the women of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon?

They are flat and angular with hints of primitivism

How did artists in the Dada movement feel that an artist should create art work?

They felt artists should be free to create however and whatever they wanted.

What were the artistic elements that made a critic declare a group of artists fauves or 'wild beasts' in a 1905 art show in Paris?

Arbitrary color and an emphasis on design

Which traits or characteristics were American Realist artists most concerned with promoting?

Civic engagement Hard work Democracy

What type of art did Hitler prize and promote to his citizens when he was Chancellor?

Classical realism, depicting home life and Christian morals

In Fauvist paintings, which element is considered to be a fully independent expressive element?

Color

What are the formal elements that reveal this painting to be in the style of fauvism?

Color as an independent expression Pictorial design prized above reality Expressive color free from constraint of nature

After the Russian Revolution of 1917, many artists in that country became part of a movement that believed that all types of art should exemplify the new ideals. This movement was called ______.

Constructivism

In the early 20th century, which group of artists founded an art movement that protested the status quo and prized creativity?

Dada

The Netherlands-based movement that believed art created from basic geometric shape and primary colors would promote intellectual calmness, came from a group known as ______.

De Stijl

Which artists are credited with founding Cubism?

Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque

The Impressionists were among the first artists to do what activity?

Paint outdoors rather than in the studio

From where did artists in the Romanticism movement find inspiration?

Dramatic people, places and situations

What subjects inspired the artists in the Surrealist movement?

Dreams Subconscious desires

True or false: Like the Impressionists, the Post-Impressionist artists had a cohesive style that was easily identifiable.

False

True or false: When the French painter Daumier, printed a lithograph of a family who had been needlessly shot to death by the French military, the king gave him a medal.

False

Inspired by modern machines and their energy and speed, a group of artists called ---- the formed in Italy.

Futurists

Which artist painted many images of people from Tahiti, whom he believed were spiritually inspiring, as well as beautiful physically?

Gauguin

Followers of the De Stijl movement believed that by distilling formal elements down to the basic of line and color, art could achieve what?

Harmonious intellectual beauty

What revelation did the artist Vasili Kandinsky have that changed his painting style?

He realized that subject matter is incidental to a painting's impact.

Which artist influenced both Picasso and Georges Braque in the development of the Cubist style?

Paul Cezanne

To what was Gustave Courbet's desire to paint individuals and scenes from ordinary life in the grand artistic tradition usually reserved for gods and royalty linked?

His radical political ideas and events such as the Paris uprising

What did Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres feel was the most worthy and inspiring subject matter for a painting?

History, including mythology and biblical scenes

What school of artists was named for a review of their groundbreaking 1874 exhibition as the Anonymous Society of Artists, Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, and so on?

Impressionists

What was one of the lasting legacies of Dadaism?

Questioning of the very nature of art

Marcel Duchamp caused a sensation by drawing a mustache on a postcard of a famous painting called the ---- ---- .

Mona Lisa

Which characteristics or themes are found in Romantic paintings?

Mystery Emotion

What was the style favored by the official art schools and institutions of the 19th century?

Neoclassicism

Artists that look at history, including classical mythology and biblical stories as the most superior inspiration are part of the ____ movement

Neoclassicism or Neoclassical

What did artists in the Realism movement find most inspiring?

Ordinary people and the events of present-day life

Which elements did Mondrian use most prominently in his art?

Primary colors Geometric shapes

Which school of design was immediately shut down, but moved to America, when Hitler came to power in Germany?

The Bauhaus

What aspects, in part, inspired the Futurists to create art?

Speed and energy Modern machinery

Though he admired the Impressionists, what qualities did Paul Cézanne believe those earlier paintings lacked, which he in turn incorporated in to his own compositions?

Structure and order

Paul Gauguin is known for which techniques?

Tertiary color harmonies Flattened forms and broad color areas A strong outline

Romanticism was largely a reaction to what previous age?

The Age of Reason

Against what were the Dada artists protesting?

The middle class Business as usual

Which did NOT inspire the artists of the Romanticism movement?

The quiet, ordinary life of a person

Why was it important that Marcel Breuer's armchair design was economical to produce?

To make good design affordable to everyone

To whom are the women of Pablo Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon advertising their services?

To us, the viewers of the painting

True or false: The phrase "avant-garde" is a French military term for the first group of soldiers that go into battle.

True

Matisse valued ______ and ______ over the accurate depiction of a subject.

color; design

Experimentation with ______ and ______ defined the avant-garde movement of the early 20th century.

color; form

Hitler created an exhibit full of what he termed ____ art that exemplified what the National Socialist Party had banned.

degenerate

The movement in art that describes any style where the artist's subjective feelings take precedence over objective observation is called ______.

expressionism

The primary element being conveyed in Umberto Boccioni's Unique Forms of Continuity in Space is ______, which is highly representative of the Futurist style.

motion

Marcel Duchamp caused a sensation and created what would become an iconic symbol of the Dada movement by drawing a ---- on a postcard of the Mona Lisa.

mustache

A work of art that is created from an existing item such as a table, or a printed poster, which an artist alters in some way and then calls his own, is an example of ______ art.

ready-made