Cause and effect

Cause: With hundereds of Bays,the Greek coastline provided a safe harbor for ships.

Effect: the Greeks became skilled sailors, carrying cargoes of olive oil, wine and marble around the eastern Mediterranean.

Cause: Women were part of the warrior society, exercised, expected to be strong, to raise healthy sons.

Effect: we're expected to have healthy sons.

Democracy

Government by the people. 507 Cleisthenes set up council of 500, they prepare laws for the assembly, all male citizens can vote.

Monarchy

King or queen exercised central power.

Legislature

Law making body, that debated laws before decides to approve or reject them.

Zeus

Most powerful God, presided over the affairs of gods and humans

Tyrant

People who gained power by force

Oligarchy

Power is in the hands of a small, powerful elite(usually from the business class).

Aristocracy

Ruled by a land holding elite

Polis

City built on two levels

Helot

Conquered people were state owned slaves(Sparta)

Cause: Trade and colonies expanded

Effect: Greeks came in contact with people with different languages and customs. Felt superior to non Greeks, called them Barbaroi.

Cause: Boys at seven were trained for military service.

Effect: Sparta built a very powerful military.

Cause: Wealthy merchants challenged the landowning nobles for power,and come to dominate some city states.

Effect: a form of government called an oligarchy emerged.

Cause: Under Aristocracy Athenian wealth grew, but discontent among ordinary people spread. Merchants and soldiers resented the power of nobles. They argued for more rights.

Effect: appointed Solon to make reforms, moved them toward a limited democracy. Outlawed slavery, freed many who have been sold to slavery.

Cause: Greeks were polytheistic

Effect: believed the gods lived on Mount Olympus. Most powerful god was Zeus.

Cause: A new method of fighting emerged, the phalanx.

Effect: defense of city states in hands of citizens, reduce class differences.

Cause: Greece is located on mountainous peninsula surrounded by rocky islands.

Effect: many city states were cut off from one another by mountains or water.

Cause: Helots greatly outnumbered the Spartan rulers.

Effect: set up brutal and strict control of the helots.