ART-111 Chapter 2 Study Guide

Pencils have a range of values from very light to very dark. If you wanted a dark value, which of these pencil numbers would be the darkest?

9B

In which country was paper invented by Cai Lun, who made it out of macerated planet fibers suspended in water?

China

Hannah Hoch was part of the movement known as

Dada

This earthwork, constructed by the prehistoric inhabitants of North America, is located in Ohio.

Great Serpent Mound

Which of the following photographers is best known for making portraits?

Nadar

The french impressionist Edgar Degas used this dry drawing medium when he created The Tub in 1886

Pastel

This American artist created a large earthwork titled Spiral Jetty in the Great Salt Lake in Utah in 1969-70.

Robert Smithson

The use of metal was extremely important in this period of human history.

The Bronze Age

Erasers can be used by artists as drawing tools. In 1953 Robert Rauschenberg created a work by erasing a drawing by this famous Abstract Expressionist painter.

Willem de Kooning

The glassy finished surface applied to a ceramic object is called

a glaze

The mechanics of the camera are very similar to those of ________.

a human eye

What is the name of the oven used to make fire clay objects so that they become ceramics?

a kiln

A piece of thrown pottery is created using this potter's tool.

a wheel

Artists draw for many reasons, including:

all of the other answers

Before the invention of paper, drawings were done on

all of the other answers

Loretta Lux digitally manipulates such elements as ________ to create the effect she wants in her pictures.

all of the other answers

Which of the following is not used in works of fiber art?

aluminum

Artists who model forms using soft pliable materials, such as clay or wax, sometimes employ this kind of support when creating their work.

an armature

This process involves taking over a pre-existing image or object and altering its appearance in a way that changes its original meaning or purpose.

appropriation

What method of sculpture is the artist using when they assemble component parts in order to create an artwork?

assemblage

The sculptural process in which the artist carves only in shallow depth is called

bas-relief

Sticks of chalk, pastel, and crayon are all made by combining pigment with ________.

binder

Ancient Greek sculptors sometimes created cast sculptures from ___________, an alloy of copy and tin.

bronze

A major benefit of the calotype process is that

calotypes are negatives that can be readily reproduced

Which of these is not an additive process of sculpting?

chiseling

An artist who is using brush and ink will often control the value of the ink by

diluting with water

When were the first successful photographs made using a camera?

early 1800s

This craft medium uses threads, fabrics, and other textiles.

fiber

When a sculpture is designed to be viewed from one side, and protrudes dynamically from its background plane or is carved with deeply incised marks, this is called

high relief

When did it become common for photographs to be collected in major fine arts museums?

in more recent times, long after photography was invented.

Another name for freestanding sculpture is

in the round

This method of sculpture involves the construction of a space or the assembly of objects to create an environment, often encouraging the viewer to experience the work physically, using all of his or her senses.

installation

The process of using wood to create mosaic images, as used by Francesco di Giorgio Martini in his 1480 design for the Duke of Urbino's private studio is called

intarsia

Our word ceramic comes from this Greek word.

keramos

A sculpture intended by the artist to move is called ________ sculpture.

kinetic

This is the practice of drawing from a live model or other physical objects.

life drawing

Landscape photographs, such as those taken by Ansel Adams, help raise awareness about

nature's grandeur and the wilderness of the American West

In his photograph Two Ways of Life, Oscar Gustav Rejlander employed methods that emulated the process of ________.

painting

A method for creating a ceramic object that involves simply squeezing the clay between the fingers was used to create the Indonesian The Mother Goddess Men Brajut (Hariti). What is this method called?

pinch

In freestanding sculpture, the artist entices the viewer to move around the work by creating a series of changing

planes

Daguerreotypes are made on ________.

polished metal plates

Artists such as Vincent van Gogh, vary the width of a reed pen stroke by

pressing harder

Objects found or already existing outside of the context of art, which are used as component parts in a work or to create an entire sculpture, are called ________.

readymades

When a metalwork artist works the back side of a sheet of metal with a hammer to imprint a design from behind it is called ______.

repousse

The first cameras were

room-sized

This drawing medium utilizes a piece of silver wire set in a holder.

silverpoint

Clay that has a great deal of water mixed into it, making it very thin, is known as ________.

slip

What is it called when a photographer chooses to make a photograph look candid and spontaneous?

snapshot aesthetic

The art of arranging colored glass into mosaic-like window forms is called

stained glass

The name of the opening that lets light into any camera is called

the aperture

All sculptures have this characteristic in common:

they exist in three-dimensional space

This type of charcoal is commonly used as drawing material and is easy to erase

vine

Color pencil is much like graphite pencil, but the lead is made from pigment and ________.

wax

Sheila Hicks is an American-born artist who works with fiber in a way that requires her to fuse threads together in an alternating pattern, like making a piece of cloth. What is this method of working with fiber?

weaving

What is the process that a ceramist uses to knead and remove pockets of air from wet clay?

wedging

Sally Mann's photograph "Untitled #7" from her Battlefields series was made using

wet collodion

Which of the following methods is not used in forming metal artworks?

wheel throwing

Which of the following fibers is not used to make paper?

wool

In addition to its fiber content and weight, paper is also classified by its surface texture. What is the type of paper that is created on a screen with a grid-like structure?

wove

What does the word "photograph" mean?

writing with light