ART 120 Ch. 21

The Impressionist painters were most concerned with what aspect in their works?

Capturing light and recording optical sensations

Innovators such as Giorgio de Chirico believed that art would evolve only through what means?

Exploring new subjects

Inspired by modern machines and their energy and speed, a group of artists called the _____ formed in Italy.

Futurists

Which artist painted many images of people from Tahiti, whom he believed were spiritually inspiring, as well as beautiful physically?

Gauguin

What did Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres feel was the most worthy and inspiring subject matter for a painting?

History

What school of artists was named for a review of their groundbreaking 1874 exhibition as the Anonymous Society of Artists, Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, and so on?

Impressionists

What key elements offended detractors of Courbet's A Burial at Ornans?

Its size, lack of sentimentalization, and ordinary subjects

What notorious painting by Edouard Manet was exhibited at the Salon des Refusés?

Luncheon on the Grass (Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe)

What was the style favored by the official art schools and institutions of the 19th century?

Neoclassicism

Who was the primary artist of the De Stijl movement?

Piet Mondrian

Though he admired the Impressionists, what qualities did Paul Cézanne believe those earlier paintings lacked, which he in turn incorporated in to his own compositions?

Structure and order

How does Pablo Picasso portray the women of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon?

They are flat and angular with hints of primitivism

Fauves means what in English?

"Wild beasts"

Which traits or characteristics were American Realist artists most concerned with promoting?

- Civic engagement - Hard work - Democracy

What subjects inspired the artists in the Surrealist movement?

- Dreams - Subconscious desires

Look at this image. What principle ideas of the Bauhaus movement is utilized in this poster by Herbert Bayer?

- Industrial look - Primary colors - Font lacking serifs - Geometric forms

Members of the Die Brücke (The Bridge) group, like Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, created compositions that included which characteristics?

- Intense arbitrary colors - Wavering contours

What were some of the modern technological devices that shocked the world with their destruction during World War I?

- Machine guns - Submarines - Poison gas

Which characteristics or themes are found in Romantic paintings?

- Mystery - Emotion

Which elements did Mondrian use most prominently in his art?

- Primary colors - Geometric shapes

What aspects, in part, inspired the Futurists to create art?

- Speed and energy - Modern machinery

Which are characteristics of early Cubism?

- The inclusion of nontraditional elements such as "primitive" African and Iberian art - The fragmentation of figures as if seen from multiple perspectives - The merging figure and ground where forms blend and intersect with the background

Expressionism largely developed in what century and country?

20th-century Germany

What was new and different for the art students' course of study at the Bauhaus school of design?

A blending of the divisions between disciplines

After World War I, what did artists, designers, and architects find themselves trying collectively to see?

A world that was better than it had been before

What were the artistic elements that made a critic declare a group of artists fauves or 'wild beasts' in a 1905 art show in Paris?

Arbitrary color and an emphasis on design

What was a lingering effect of the Fauvist movement?

Artists were free to use color without feeling bound to nature.

Founded by Walter Gropius, the _____ was a school of design that focused on the stripping down of embellishments and the paring down to clean lines.

Bauhaus

Look at this image. Marcel Breuer's armchair is a good example of what the ______ movement encompassed.

Bauhaus

What does the word Bauhaus translate to in English?

Building house

What type of art did Hitler prize and promote to his citizens when he was Chancellor?

Classical realism, depicting home life and Christian morals

After the Russian Revolution of 1917, many artists in that country became part of a movement that believed that all types of art should exemplify the new ideals. This movement was called ______.

Constructivism

In the early 20th century, which group of artists founded an art movement that protested the status quo and prized creativity?

Dada

From where did artists in the Romanticism movement find inspiration?

Dramatic people, places and situations

What inspired the Surrealists to create?

Dreams and the subconscious

True or false: When the French painter Daumier, printed a lithograph of a family who had been needlessly shot to death by the French military, the king gave him a medal.

False

What revelation did the artist Vasili Kandinsky have that changed his painting style?

He realized that subject matter is incidental to a painting's impact.

To what was Gustave Courbet's desire to paint individuals and scenes from ordinary life in the grand artistic tradition usually reserved for gods and royalty linked?

His radical political ideas and events such as the Paris uprising

Look at this image. Why is Edouard Manet's Luncheon on the Grass considered to be such an important painting?

It combined classic figures with modern in a new juxtaposition of themes that jarred the art world.

Look at this image. How does Eugène Delacroix's The Women of Algiers exemplify the Romantic movement?

It features figures in a exotic setting.

Look at this image. How does Berthe Morisot's Summer's Day exemplify the Impressionist style?

It has short, color-laden brush strokes that capture the light.

Piet Mondrian was a prominent member of the De Stijl group, who prized streamlined order and geometry in art. What did he believe about nature?

It is full of irrationality and could lead to things like war.

Why was the Dada artistic movement important to future artists?

It questioned the status quo of everything, including who decides what is art.

Look at this image. Why is Thomas Cole's View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm (The Oxbow) an example of American Romanticism?

It shows majestic representations of nature.

Why was Marcel Duchamp's Fountain a controversial piece of art?

It was a urinal turned on its side and signed.

Marcel Duchamp caused a sensation by drawing a mustache on a postcard of a famous painting called the _____ _____.

Mona; Lisa

Look at this image. The primary element being conveyed in Umberto Boccioni's Unique Forms of Continuity in Space is ______, which is highly representative of the Futurist style.

Motion

Marcel Duchamp caused a sensation and created what would become an iconic symbol of the Dada movement by drawing a _____ on a postcard of the Mona Lisa.

Mustache

Look at this image. With its hidden brushstrokes and subject matter, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres's Jupiter and Thetis follows what artistic style?

Neoclassicism

Artists that look at history, including classical mythology and biblical stories as the most superior inspiration are part of the _____ movement

Neoclassicism OR Neoclassical

What did artists in the Realism movement find most inspiring?

Ordinary people and the events of present-day life

Which artists are credited with founding Cubism?

Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque

The Impressionists were among the first artists to do what activity?

Paint outdoors rather than in the studio

What artist used a technique he called "little sensations before nature," structuring his paintings with a geometric pattern of hundreds of small vivid patches of color?

Paul Cézanne

According to the artist ______ ______, if people could be surrounded by the type of regimented rational beauty his paintings represented, the world would become more balanced and humane.

Piet Mondrian

Based off of his interest in color theory, Georges Seurat developed a technique of painting involving small dots of color placed close together and blended by the eye. What was the name of this technique?

Pointillism

What was one of the lasting legacies of Dadaism?

Questioning of the very nature of art

What is a work of art that is created out of "found" components such as a bicycle wheel or a shovel called?

Ready-made

Giorgio de Chirico believed that for art to enter the realm of dreams, what must the art exclude?

Recognizable material

Which early 20th-century figure highly influenced the Surrealist artists?

Sigmund Freud

Romanticism was largely a reaction to what previous age?

The Age of Reason

Which school of design was immediately shut down, but moved to America, when Hitler came to power in Germany?

The Bauhaus

What European school of painting was American artist Mary Cassatt invited to join?

The Impressionists

Which work did Salvador Dali create from a dream, considered to be the most famous Surrealist work?

The Persistence of Memory

What substance did Umberto Boccioni believe that the artist must infuse into each work of art?

The energy that surrounds us, to give life to the work

Where did American artists find their inspiration for Romanticism?

The landscape

Which did NOT inspire the artists of the Romanticism movement?

The quiet, ordinary life of a person

What were Picasso and Braque prepared to give up in their search for originality in their art?

Their personal artistic style

How did artists in the Dada movement feel that an artist should create art work?

They felt artists should be free to create however and whatever they wanted.

Why was it important that Marcel Breuer's armchair design was economical to produce?

To make good design affordable to everyone

Look at this image. To whom are the women of Pablo Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon advertising their services?

To us, the viewers of the painting

True or false: The phrase "avant-garde" is a French military term for the first group of soldiers that go into battle.

True

Matisse valued ______ and ______ over the accurate depiction of a subject.

color; design

Experimentation with ______ and ______ defined the avant-garde movement of the early 20th century.

color; form

Hitler created an exhibit full of what he termed _____ art that exemplified what the National Socialist Party had banned.

degenerate

Max Ernst claimed that a _____ inspired his work Two Children Are Threatened by a Nightingale.

dream

The movement in art that describes any style where the artist's subjective feelings take precedence over objective observation is called ______.

expressionism