Art Appreciation Chapter 4
Vanishing Point
In linear perspective, the point on the horizon where parallel lines appear to converge
Parallel lines receding into the distance, in linear perspective, seem to converge at a vanishing point which is located on the ___________.
horizon line
Geometric
Shapes and masses that approximate the regular, names shapes and volumes of geometry.
Organic
Shapes and masses that evoke the living forms of nature.
Cross Hatching
Single and Across lines (create values)
Hatching
Single lines (create values)
Visual Texture
Textures that are created to look lie something other than a flat painted surface.
Actual/Tactile Texture
Textures we experience through the sense of touch.
Hue
The "family name" of a color, independent of its particular value or saturation.
Analogous color harmonies are those in which the colors are close to ones another on the color wheel.
t
3D Space
Visual depth.
In painting and drawing, artists often use the technique of ________ to describe the way shadows and light define the mass of forms.
chiaroscuro
Colors which appear oppisite each other on the color wheel are known as ___________.
complementary
A rainbow is the result of reflection of light from a still surface.
f
Atmospheric perspective is never used in Chinese paintings and drawings.
f
Geometric shapes and masses look more natural than man made.
f
Isometric perceptive is only used by architects.
f
Mixing 2 primary colors produces a triad color.
f
Monochromatic harmonies are composed of any three colors equidistant from each other on the color wheel.
f
Raphael's the Madonna of the Meadows is composed using the implied shape of a circle.
f
Secondary colors cannot be mixed from primaries.
f
The "vanishing point" is the level at which paintings are hung on the wall.
f
The term "atmospheric perspective" can best be applied to marble sculptures.
f
________________ relates to the visual information surrounding a shape that we detach and focus on.
ground
Implied Light
2D light that doesn't actually exist, it's an illusion.
Shade
A color darker than the hue's normal value.
Tint
A color lighter that the hue's normal value.
Horizon Line
A dividing line that delineates the ground from sky.
Direction
A line that guides the eyes.
Open Palette
All colors are permitted to be used.
Afterimage
An image that persists after the visual stimulus that first produced it has ceased.
Pattern
Any decorative, repetitive motif or design.
Placement/Position
Arrangement of objects.
Kinetic Art
Art the incorporates real or apparent movement.
Figure
In 2D images, the relationship between a shape we perceive as dominant.
Secondary Colors
Created by combining two primaries. Green, orange, purple.
Tertiary Colors
Creating by combing a primary and adjacent secondary. Ex. blue-green.
Model
Creating the illusion of a 3D object on a 2D surface by using highlights and shadows
Outline
Defines a 2D shape.
Implied
Doesn't actually exist.
Linear Perspective
Forms seem to get smaller as they recede from us. Parallel lines converge on the horizon line where they disappear.
Contour
Gives us 3D shaping of an object.
Three Techniques for Creating Values using Linear Mode
Hatching Cross-Hatching Stippling
Three types of Directional Lines and What Movement they Suggest
Horizontal-Passive, No Movement Vertical- Potential For Movement Diagonal- Movement
Chiaroscuro
Italian for "light-dark". In 2D, non representational art, the technique of using values to record light and shadow, especially as they provide information about 3D form.
Restricted Palette
Limited to a few colors and their mixtures.
Seven Visual Elements
Line Shape and Mass Pattern and Texture Light Color Time and Motion Space
Three Types of Perspective
Linear Atmospheric Isometric
Implied Lines
Lines that do not exist, but the viewer perceives.
Atmospheric Perspective
Looking at broad, receding landscapes.
Isometric Perspective
Looking down from above.
Volume
Mass or Quantity.
Four Color Harmonies
Monochromatic Complementary Analogous Triadic
Monochromatic Color Harmony
One color plus shades/tints.
Two Ways to Create Depth without using a Form of Perspective
Placement/Position Overlapping
Pointillism
Points of pure color applied to a support and allowing the viewer's eyes to mix or blend those colors.
Primary Colors
Red, Yellow, Blue. Cannot be dividing into two or more colors. Base Colors.
Color Wheel
The arrangement of colors in a circle.
Refraction
The bending of a ray of light, for example, when it passes through a prism.
Cool Colors
The colors on the blue-green side.
Warm Colors
The colors on the red-orange side.
Area
The extent of space.
Implied Space
The illusion of depth on a 2D surface.
Ground
The information that is perceived as secondary in a 2D image.
Picture Plane
The literal surface of a painting imagined as a window.
Simultaneous Contrast
The perceptual phenomenon whereby complementary colors appear most brilliant when side by side.
Palette
The range of colors used by an artist, or a surface used for mixing paints.
Value
The relative lightness or darkness of a hue, or of a neutral varying from white to black.
Movement
The suggestion of motion in a work of art.
Optical Color Mixture
The viewer's eyes will blend colors placed side by side.
Foreshortening
The visual phenomenon whereby an elongated object projecting toward or away from a viewer appear shorter than its actual length, as though compressed.
Analogous Color Harmony
Three colors adjacent to one another.
Triadic Color Harmony
Three colors equally spaced apart on the color wheel.
Stippling
Tiny dots (create values)
Overlapping
To cover and extend beyond.
Complementary Color Harmony
Two colors directly across from each other on the color wheel. (simultaneous contrast)
___________ perceptive is the viewpoint from above and parallel lines do not converge in the distance.
isometric
__________ can best be described as the path traced by a moving point.
line
In art, shapes that suggest forms found in nature are called ___________ shapes.
organic
In drawing, the outer boundaries of 2D forms are defined by________, while the outer boundaries perceived among 3D forms are defined by__________.
outlines, contour lines
The 18th century Indian painting Maharana Amar Singh and others watching musicians and acrobats utilizes the two most basic visual cues for implying depth on a flat surface. They are position and ___________.
overlapping
The term _____________ refers to the board on which artists mix colors or the artist's range of color.
palette
In a 2D art form, the actual flat surface on which the work is executed is called the _________.
picture plane
The shapes we perceive as figures, we call ____________ shapes.
positive
_____________ describes the process of sunlight being broken up into a spectrum or rainbow band.
refraction
A necessary feature of a pattern is _______.
repetition
A hue darker that the hue's normal value is called a ______.
shade
Artists who use tiny dots in varying concentrations to indicate light and shadow are using the __________ drawing technique.
stippling
A drawing using only lines or dots can indicate shadows.
t
Foreshortening is the term fro the effect produced by applying the logic of linear perspective to every form that recedes into the distance, including people and animals.
t
Implied lines guide a viewer's eyes around a work of art.
t
Lines are sometimes used in art to indicate direction and movement.
t
Many of the sculptures of Calder can be classified as kinetic.
t
On the color wheel, yellow, red and blue are primary colors.
t
Texture can be either implied or actual.
t
The colors in a drawing or painting can be translated into values by black and white photography.
t
The common issue facing those who work to conserve works of art is: the effect of light, the work of earlier restorers, changing levels of heat and humidity, pollution.
t
Textures we experience through the sense of touch are called actual texture or _______ textures.
tactile
During the 20th century, _______ became a recognized element of art.
time and motion
Any three color equally distant from each other on the color wheel form a_______ harmony.
triadic
Raphael's The Madonna of the Meadows is composed using the implied shape of a _____.
triangle
A black and white photograph of a scene eliminates the hues and intensities of the scene's colors, but captures the ______ of the colors.
value
The ______________ in Leonardo Da Vinci's the Last Supper is at the exact center of the picture, just behind the head of the figure of Jesus, and on the horizon line.
vanishing point
Artists can portray ______ textures that are created to look like something other that a flat painted surface.
visual
In the additive process of color mixing, red light, green light, and blue light combine to produce ________ light.
white