Art Appreciation Chapter 4

Vanishing Point

In linear perspective, the point on the horizon where parallel lines appear to converge

Parallel lines receding into the distance, in linear perspective, seem to converge at a vanishing point which is located on the ___________.

horizon line

Geometric

Shapes and masses that approximate the regular, names shapes and volumes of geometry.

Organic

Shapes and masses that evoke the living forms of nature.

Cross Hatching

Single and Across lines (create values)

Hatching

Single lines (create values)

Visual Texture

Textures that are created to look lie something other than a flat painted surface.

Actual/Tactile Texture

Textures we experience through the sense of touch.

Hue

The "family name" of a color, independent of its particular value or saturation.

Analogous color harmonies are those in which the colors are close to ones another on the color wheel.

t

3D Space

Visual depth.

In painting and drawing, artists often use the technique of ________ to describe the way shadows and light define the mass of forms.

chiaroscuro

Colors which appear oppisite each other on the color wheel are known as ___________.

complementary

A rainbow is the result of reflection of light from a still surface.

f

Atmospheric perspective is never used in Chinese paintings and drawings.

f

Geometric shapes and masses look more natural than man made.

f

Isometric perceptive is only used by architects.

f

Mixing 2 primary colors produces a triad color.

f

Monochromatic harmonies are composed of any three colors equidistant from each other on the color wheel.

f

Raphael's the Madonna of the Meadows is composed using the implied shape of a circle.

f

Secondary colors cannot be mixed from primaries.

f

The "vanishing point" is the level at which paintings are hung on the wall.

f

The term "atmospheric perspective" can best be applied to marble sculptures.

f

________________ relates to the visual information surrounding a shape that we detach and focus on.

ground

Implied Light

2D light that doesn't actually exist, it's an illusion.

Shade

A color darker than the hue's normal value.

Tint

A color lighter that the hue's normal value.

Horizon Line

A dividing line that delineates the ground from sky.

Direction

A line that guides the eyes.

Open Palette

All colors are permitted to be used.

Afterimage

An image that persists after the visual stimulus that first produced it has ceased.

Pattern

Any decorative, repetitive motif or design.

Placement/Position

Arrangement of objects.

Kinetic Art

Art the incorporates real or apparent movement.

Figure

In 2D images, the relationship between a shape we perceive as dominant.

Secondary Colors

Created by combining two primaries. Green, orange, purple.

Tertiary Colors

Creating by combing a primary and adjacent secondary. Ex. blue-green.

Model

Creating the illusion of a 3D object on a 2D surface by using highlights and shadows

Outline

Defines a 2D shape.

Implied

Doesn't actually exist.

Linear Perspective

Forms seem to get smaller as they recede from us. Parallel lines converge on the horizon line where they disappear.

Contour

Gives us 3D shaping of an object.

Three Techniques for Creating Values using Linear Mode

Hatching Cross-Hatching Stippling

Three types of Directional Lines and What Movement they Suggest

Horizontal-Passive, No Movement Vertical- Potential For Movement Diagonal- Movement

Chiaroscuro

Italian for "light-dark". In 2D, non representational art, the technique of using values to record light and shadow, especially as they provide information about 3D form.

Restricted Palette

Limited to a few colors and their mixtures.

Seven Visual Elements

Line Shape and Mass Pattern and Texture Light Color Time and Motion Space

Three Types of Perspective

Linear Atmospheric Isometric

Implied Lines

Lines that do not exist, but the viewer perceives.

Atmospheric Perspective

Looking at broad, receding landscapes.

Isometric Perspective

Looking down from above.

Volume

Mass or Quantity.

Four Color Harmonies

Monochromatic Complementary Analogous Triadic

Monochromatic Color Harmony

One color plus shades/tints.

Two Ways to Create Depth without using a Form of Perspective

Placement/Position Overlapping

Pointillism

Points of pure color applied to a support and allowing the viewer's eyes to mix or blend those colors.

Primary Colors

Red, Yellow, Blue. Cannot be dividing into two or more colors. Base Colors.

Color Wheel

The arrangement of colors in a circle.

Refraction

The bending of a ray of light, for example, when it passes through a prism.

Cool Colors

The colors on the blue-green side.

Warm Colors

The colors on the red-orange side.

Area

The extent of space.

Implied Space

The illusion of depth on a 2D surface.

Ground

The information that is perceived as secondary in a 2D image.

Picture Plane

The literal surface of a painting imagined as a window.

Simultaneous Contrast

The perceptual phenomenon whereby complementary colors appear most brilliant when side by side.

Palette

The range of colors used by an artist, or a surface used for mixing paints.

Value

The relative lightness or darkness of a hue, or of a neutral varying from white to black.

Movement

The suggestion of motion in a work of art.

Optical Color Mixture

The viewer's eyes will blend colors placed side by side.

Foreshortening

The visual phenomenon whereby an elongated object projecting toward or away from a viewer appear shorter than its actual length, as though compressed.

Analogous Color Harmony

Three colors adjacent to one another.

Triadic Color Harmony

Three colors equally spaced apart on the color wheel.

Stippling

Tiny dots (create values)

Overlapping

To cover and extend beyond.

Complementary Color Harmony

Two colors directly across from each other on the color wheel. (simultaneous contrast)

___________ perceptive is the viewpoint from above and parallel lines do not converge in the distance.

isometric

__________ can best be described as the path traced by a moving point.

line

In art, shapes that suggest forms found in nature are called ___________ shapes.

organic

In drawing, the outer boundaries of 2D forms are defined by________, while the outer boundaries perceived among 3D forms are defined by__________.

outlines, contour lines

The 18th century Indian painting Maharana Amar Singh and others watching musicians and acrobats utilizes the two most basic visual cues for implying depth on a flat surface. They are position and ___________.

overlapping

The term _____________ refers to the board on which artists mix colors or the artist's range of color.

palette

In a 2D art form, the actual flat surface on which the work is executed is called the _________.

picture plane

The shapes we perceive as figures, we call ____________ shapes.

positive

_____________ describes the process of sunlight being broken up into a spectrum or rainbow band.

refraction

A necessary feature of a pattern is _______.

repetition

A hue darker that the hue's normal value is called a ______.

shade

Artists who use tiny dots in varying concentrations to indicate light and shadow are using the __________ drawing technique.

stippling

A drawing using only lines or dots can indicate shadows.

t

Foreshortening is the term fro the effect produced by applying the logic of linear perspective to every form that recedes into the distance, including people and animals.

t

Implied lines guide a viewer's eyes around a work of art.

t

Lines are sometimes used in art to indicate direction and movement.

t

Many of the sculptures of Calder can be classified as kinetic.

t

On the color wheel, yellow, red and blue are primary colors.

t

Texture can be either implied or actual.

t

The colors in a drawing or painting can be translated into values by black and white photography.

t

The common issue facing those who work to conserve works of art is: the effect of light, the work of earlier restorers, changing levels of heat and humidity, pollution.

t

Textures we experience through the sense of touch are called actual texture or _______ textures.

tactile

During the 20th century, _______ became a recognized element of art.

time and motion

Any three color equally distant from each other on the color wheel form a_______ harmony.

triadic

Raphael's The Madonna of the Meadows is composed using the implied shape of a _____.

triangle

A black and white photograph of a scene eliminates the hues and intensities of the scene's colors, but captures the ______ of the colors.

value

The ______________ in Leonardo Da Vinci's the Last Supper is at the exact center of the picture, just behind the head of the figure of Jesus, and on the horizon line.

vanishing point

Artists can portray ______ textures that are created to look like something other that a flat painted surface.

visual

In the additive process of color mixing, red light, green light, and blue light combine to produce ________ light.

white