art appreciation midterm chapters 6 and 7

select all the benefits of creating a mixed media work as opposed to a single medium work

-mixing media gives artists greater freedom to execute their ideas with a variety of materials -artists can take advantage of each material's unique visual and textural qualities

Which of the following are some disadvantages of the tempera medium?

Tempera dries very quickly, which prevents colors from blending easily once they are applied to a support. Tempera colors do not keep, so artists must only produce enough paint for a single day's work.

What is a cartoon as it pertains to the fresco medium?

a full-size drawing that serves as a guide to the artist

what is a cartoon as it pertains o the fresco medium?

a full-sized drawing that serves as a guide to the artist

Which of the following best describes an emulsion as it pertains to the tempera medium?

a stable mixture of an aqueous liquid with an oil, fat, wax, or resin

An ingredient that adheres the paint to a surface is called the:

binder

The substance that allows drawing media either to be bound together or suspended in fluid is called:

binder

Select all the fundamental components of paint.

binder medium pigment

Select all the media that are considered liquid media.

brush and ink pen and ink

Which painting technique entails the mixing of pigment with water to be applied to wet plaster?

buon fresco

Which term describes a preliminary drawing done to scale in preparation for fresco painting?

cartoon

What drawing material is made of charred wood?

charcoal

What paper technique did artists like Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque experiment with?

collage

What are the common themes depicted in many of Howling Wolf's drawings?

daily life warfare

What trait does graphite possess?

dark gray sheen

Look at this image. Mia Pearlman's installation Inrush uses paper for what purposes?

drawing sculpture

Pastel is a Blank______ medium that is Blank______ onto a surface.

dry; drawn

Which quality of mosaic makes it medium well suited for decorating architectural surfaces such as walls, ceilings, and floors?

given its composition of tesserae and a binder, mosaic is a sturdy medium that can withstand the elements

Oil paintings can be made with a(n) Blank______, which is a thin veil of translucent color applied over a layer of opaque paint, creating a luminous effect.

glaze

Watercolor consists of pigment in a vehicle of water and Blank______, a sticky plant substance that acts as the binder.

gum arabic

Artist Mia Pearlman challenges paper's flatness in her site-specific:

installations

Which are the two major groups of drawing media?

liquid dry

A liquid that holds the particles of pigments together without dissolving them is called the:

medium

Which are common examples of an emulsion that can be used in tempera paint?

milk egg yolk

The portion of a pen that transfers ink onto the drawing surface is known as:

nib

Picasso and Braque developed what technique that involves the pasting of paper to create a work of art?

papier collé

When employing the encaustic technique, what method does an artist use to achieve the fusion of colors?

passing a heat source over the painting's surface

Like ink, which can be drawn with a pen or painted with a brush, Blank______ is a medium that exists somewhere between drawing and painting.

pastel

Which dry media are known for their use of color?

pastel crayon

Which method of applying ink has the most controlled, sustained, and flexible line?

pen

With fresco, pigments are mixed with water and applied to a Blank______ support.

plaster

The artist Petra Cortright is part of a movement called Blank______ art—a group of artists who use digital images found online as the basis for their artworks.

post-internet

In relation to drawing media, what is pigment?

powdered coloring material

An intriguing aspect of Blank______ is that the image is not on the material but, rather, embedded in the material, part of its essence.

tapestry

Select the characteristics that can be found in paño art.

tattoo art grafitti art

Mosaic is made of small, closely spaced pebbles or pieces of colored marble and glass called:

tesserae

What is the purpose of heating encaustic paint prior to its application to a support?

to allow the paint to be brushed easily

Look at this image. How does Mia Perlman use paper in her piece Inrush?

to capture motion and movement with simple materials

Why do artists using acrylics rest their paintbrushes in water while working?

to prevent paint from drying on the brush, which can be difficult to remove

When tempera is painted on a wood panel, how is gesso used?

to treat and seal the wood surface

Where does the term paño come from?

torn cloth

What made Howling Wolf's drawings different from other ledger artists?

use of color and pattern

Select all the substances that are bound with pigment to achieve the encaustic technique

wax resin

The word encaustic comes from the Greek word for:

"burning in"

Look at this image. Identify the ways in which Petra Cortright's 007 goldeneye_all characters cheat is informed by the history and tradition of painting while simultaneously challenging the medium's constraints.

-Digital images can be copied and recombined an infinite number of times and travel electronically. -Cortright's streaks of blended color and amorphous forms look as if they were made by a paintbrush rather than a printer.

Look at this image. Select all the ways Katharina Grosse's installation One Floor Up More Highlychallenges the traditional boundaries of easel painting.

Applications of color span a variety of surfaces, such as walls, windows, fiberglass sculptures, and piles of earth, among others. Grosse did not intend the installation to be perceived as a single, unified composition from an outside point of view. Grosse intended the installation to be experienced from inside, moment by moment.

Which qualities best describe oil paint?

Applications of oil paint can be easily scraped away for revisions or effects. It can be applied in a range of consistencies.

Select all the benefits of creating a mixed media work as opposed to a single medium work.

Artists can take advantage of each material's unique visual and textural qualities. Mixing media gives artists greater freedom to execute their ideas with a variety of materials.

How does paño art push the boundaries of traditional drawing surfaces?

Artists draw on torn cloth or handkerchiefs.

In which manner is a mosaic similar in composition to a pointillist painting?

Both mosaic and pointillist artists possess the same impulse to deconstruct an image.

Graphite is a form of what mineral?

Carbon

Which of the following are some unique advantages of oil paint?

Colors can be easily blended. Oil paint dries very slowly, allowing artists an extended period of time to manipulate the paint. Revisions to a painted surface are easy to make, as a new color can be painted into a color that is not yet dry.

Which practices connect post-internet artists like Petra Cortright with the processes of her more traditional artistic predecessors?

Cortright creates both natural and abstract forms in her work. Cortright collects digital images found online for inspiration, just as traditional artists gather drawings in sketchbooks. Cortright refers to her digitally generated swaths of color as "brushstrokes."

Select all the benefits of creating digital paintings as opposed to traditional paintings.

Digital paintings can be stored entirely inside a computer and "transported" instantaneously. Digital art can be printed onto a diverse array of supports. Digital images found online and manipulated with image-making software can be copied an infinite number of times.

Which circumstance brought about the development of acrylic paint?

Enormous developments in chemistry during the first half of the 20th century.

How do artists working in the tempera medium develop defined forms and saturation of color in a composition, given how quickly tempera paint dries?

Forms and colors can be achieved gradually through the technique of hatching and cross-hatching.

Which quality of mosaic makes it a medium well suited for decorating architectural surfaces such as walls, ceilings, and floors?

Given its composition of tesserae and a binder, mosaic is a sturdy medium that can withstand the elements.

Which of the following are some advantages of the gouache medium?

Gouache is well suited for achieving large areas of flat, saturated color. Gouache can be applied in a translucent wash. Gouache dries quickly and uniformly.

Which of the following are some advantages of the fresco medium?

It can be used to paint large architectural surfaces, such as walls or ceilings. It is a highly durable painting technique.

Which characteristics accurately describe the pastel medium?

It is a dry medium. Once pastel is drawn on, a wet brush can be applied to create a wash of color. Pastel colors can be seamlessly blended.

Which artist is known for the painting technique of placing canvas on the ground in order to drip and splatter paint from above?

Jackson Pollock

Which were practical benefits of tapestry as an art form?

Large tapestries helped to make drafty, cold castles a little warmer. Tapestries were relatively easy to transport as nobles moved between residences.

Historically, oil paints have been mixed with an array of oils depending on their individual properties. Which factors must commercial manufacturers take into account when selecting the proper oils to mix with pigments?

Lighter pigments are often ground with poppy seed or safflower oil, which do not yellow over time. Darker pigments are often ground with linseed oil, which has a tendency to yellow over time.

From a practical standpoint, mosaic differs from fresco in which sense?

Mosaic is durable enough to withstand the elements, and thus can be used for floors and outdoor surfaces.

How does an artist blend colors when using oil paint?

One color is added into another color that is not yet dry.

Which aspect of Faith Ringgold's mixed media Street Story Quilt triptych enhances the narrative arc of the images?

Ringgold uses text to convey the story of A.J., the work's primary subject.

What happens when water is added to pastels?

The colors thin and can be treated like paint.

Select all the ways Lynda Benglis's art challenges the traditional boundaries of easel painting.

The compositions are determined by the unrestrained flow of paint. The compositions have a three-dimensional sculptural presence. It is detached from the constraints of canvases or other vertical surfaces.

Which of the following are some disadvantages of the fresco medium?

The plaster on the painted surface can only be painted when it has the proper degree of dampness or is completely dry. The only way an artist can make revisions to a painted surface is to let the plaster dry, chip it away, and start again. Fresco requires meticulous planning and is physically demanding.

What happens when acrylic paint dries?

The resin particles coalesce to form a tough, flexible, and waterproof film.

Look at this image. Identify the ways in which Faith Ringgold's Street Story Quilt is rooted in the tradition of painting.

The work narrates the life of a Harlem resident. The figures are painted on the fabric.

How are Howling Wolf's drawings similar to the way artists use sketchbooks?

They are intimate drawings meant for private viewing.

How are easel paintings different from frescoes or murals?

They are portable.

Which of the following are some advantages of acrylic paints?

They can mimic the effects of oil paint, watercolor, gouache, and tempera. They can be layered into a heavy impasto or diluted with water and spread in translucent washes. They can be used on a variety of supports, such as prepared or raw canvas, paper, and fabric.

Which characteristic do all oils used in oil paint have in common?

They dry at room temperature.