Art Appriciation final exam

Consider the Bayeux Tapestry, pictured in the text. Identify the historical event it commemorates. How does this work depict this event, and what point of view does it take?

A famous work of Romanesque art is the Bayeux Tapestry. It is embroidery work and resembles a long picture book 20 inches high and 231 feet long. It tells the story of the conquest of England by William of Normandy in 1066. The scene in the text illustrates a group of Anglo-Saxons making a stand on a hill against a Norman cavalry assault. Soldiers and horses tumble spectacularly, and casualties from both sides fill the lower border. Scholars have learned more about the events surrounding the Norman Conquest by studying the Bayeux Tapestry than they have from any of the literature of the time.

35.

A ram's head was used as a symbol of a sun god in the cultures of both Egypt and _____

19.

A work of art that uses a tragic roman tale to arouse feelings of patriotism, self-sacrifice, and civic virtues in its viewers is

14.

Among the following artists, whose innovation was it to create group portraits in the setting of an activity, rather than posing the subjects formally?

33.

Bahram Gur and the Princess in the Black Pavilion demonstrates that

2.

Because many European monarchs of the 17th and 18th centuries ruled with near-dictatorial power, this period if often referred to as

32.

Because of its connection with the act of prayer, ______ became the most highly regarded art in the islamic world

34.

Cultural exchange between islam and byzantium is exemplified by the ______ in the Great mosque at Cordoba spain

Botticelli

Donatello, and Ghibert, Artists working in the Early Renaissance period included

20.

For some two hundred years, many of the words of judith leyster were

23.

Foremost among French painters of the 17th century was ______ who painted ________.

3.

Gianlorenzo Bernini was

landscape paintings

Giorgione's painting The Tempest paved the way for future

Venus

In Neo-Platonic thought, the Biblical character of Eve was identified with

6.

In baroque architecture, wall surfaces often protrude into the viewers space. In Baroque painting, this effect is created through the use of?

17.

In comparison to Baroque art, the style of Rococo

24.

Islamic came into being during the early part of the ____ century C.E.

Consider Christ Entering Jerusalem and The Lamentation. For each, identify the artist, media/techniques, and subject(s). Then discuss at least three ways in which these works can be considered as transitions or bridges between typical medieval styles of painting and early Renaissance styles.

Italian artists Duccio, from Sienna, and his contemporary Giotto, from Florence, were influential in making the shift from art styles of the Middle Ages to the significantly different tyles of the Renaissance. Duccio's tempera on panel Christ Entering Jerusalem displays a departure from the flattened forms of medieval art. Duccio attempted to create believable space in a scene, and employed architecture to define the space and direct the movement. This was Duccio's almost unprecedented contribution using architecture to demarcate space rather than to function as a simple background. Giotto made a more remarkable break with art traditions in The Lamentation, a fresco panel, employing a highly original use of space. His scenes are composed as a stage, and the space in the foreground and background appears to be continuous. Giotto's presentation of the human figure displays rounded, full-bodied people who define the spatial aspect, not architecture as in Duccio's work. Both artists sought a new direction for painting in a more naturalistic, more human, and engaging representation of the physical world.

the Medici family

Michelangelo Raphael, and Botticelli were all commissioned to make art for

40.

Minks that are shaped like fierce hunters, believed by the people of the Kongo to seek out and punish wrongdoers, are called

36.

Much of the artwork from africa is lost to use because

27.

Muhammad's emigration from mecca to medina is known as the

about 75 years after it was first developed

Northern European Renaissance artists began using the system of linear perspective

41.

One important aspect of ______ that gets "lost in translation" when viewed in a museum, is that they are created for use in ceremonies involving groups of people in motion.

redesigning St. Peter's Cathedral.

One of Michelangelo's major achievements was

18.

One of queen Marie-Antoinette's favorite portrait painters was

skilled crafts workers to intellectuals

One of the effects of the Renaissance was to change the status of artists in Europe from

22.

One of the most influential buildings of the architect Francisco Borromini was

13.

St. Teresa in Ecstasy is an excellent example of?

Consider the Sutton Hoo purse cover pictured in the text. Discuss this work with reference to the site in which it was found, the culture in which it was created, the artistic style it represents, and the materials used in its creation.

Sutton Hoo was located on the island of Britain where the grave of an unknown 7th- century East Anglian king was found. One of the objects at the burial site was a gold-and- enamel purse cover with delicately-made designs. The motifs are typical of the animal style, prevalent in the art of northwestern Europe, a legacy from the migratory herdsmen. Animal- style images were accompanied by interlace, patterns formed by intricately interwoven ribbons and bands.

42.

The Berbers were originally from

Compare and contrast Romanesque and Gothic styles, citing specific structures to illustrate your points.

The High Middle Ages were was marked by a building boom of churches, and art historians refer to the period of 1050 to 1200 as the Romanesque era for stylistic features reminiscent of ancient Roman architecture including an overall massiveness, thick stone walls, and barrel-vaulted ceilings. The earliest Romanesque pilgrimage church is the Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy, in France. The church has a cross-form plan configured by the nave and the transept. Two square towers flank the entry portal and an octagonal tower marks the intersection of the transept and nave. The round arches of the windows are continued in the interior, which has a barrel-vaulted nave and groin-vaulted aisles. The cathedral at Chartres, France shows the towering quality of Gothic architecture. The unadorned masses of the Romanesque give way to the ornate, linear, vertical elements that direct the eye upward. Flying buttresses line the nave and apse to contain the outward thrust of the walls. The soaring, open interior spaces were created with ribbed vaulting and pointed arches, a departure from the rounded arches of the Romanesque.

a hospital for patients with skin disease

The Isenheim Altarpiece, with its gruesome details of Christ's flesh wounds, originally hung in

color and light

The Renaissance artists from Venice, such as Giovanni Bellini, Titian, and Giorgione, were especially known for their mastery of

7.

The baroque painting Judith and Maidservant with the head of holofernes depicts a story from

8.

The following characteristics are all typical of italian Baroque art EXCEPT

9.

The following is true about Rembrandt EXCEPT

Explain several reasons that stained glass is considered the most glorious aspect of the Gothic cathedrals.

The glory of the Gothic Cathedrals is their stained glass windows. The tall, pointed glass mosaic windows allowed for more natural light to illuminate the interiors and bath them with gem-like colors of a mystical light. In addition to the spiritual ambience, they served a didactic purpose as each window told a story in pictures, including some from the Bible, the lives of the saints, signs of the Zodiac, and donors from all aspects of society.

Giorgione

The iconography of The Tempest, by ___________, is unknown, but the painting made an important contribution to Renaissance art in the way it was composed.

39.

The minaret of the Kairouan Mosque in Tunisia was modeled on

29.

The most famous Nubian kingdom was _____, which lasted over 1.400 years

the Reformation

The movement that divided all of Europe into Protestant and Catholic camps is called

Pieter Brugel the Elder

The painting The Harvesters, which formed part of a cycle depicting the months of the year, was painted by __________, a 16th-century Netherland painter.

10.

The palace of versailles was home to

38.

The people of Kongo use containers called ______ to hold materials that aid in rituals for harnessing the power of the dead

Lorenzo Ghiberti

The sculptor of the panel The Story of Jacob and Esau and Donatello's teacher, is

43.

The sooth surfaces and D-shaped eyes are characteristic of works from the culture known as

multiple layers of glaze

The technique of sfumato involves the use of

by Northern Europeans

The technology of painting with oils was developed

25.

The widespread influence of Persian architectural style can been found in

"rebirth"

The word renaissance means

21.

Typical of dutch landscape painting was the work of

12.

Unlike Baroque art from catholic countries, Dutch baroque art focused upon

26.

What is the name of the holy book of islam?

5.

What nationality was Peter Paul Rubens?

the printing press

Which 15th-century invention led to the decrease in the practice of illumination by hand?

16.

Which artists internationally used their work to shape the public's view of prominent figures?

28.

Which of the following became an important device for islamic artists as a result of islamic doctrine forbidding images of animate beings in religious contexts?

37.

Which of the following cultures survives today?

15.

Which of the following was court painter to king Philip IV?

the artist brothers

Who were the Limbourgs?

31.

_______ appear at funerals of important Igbo men of Nigeria

11.

________ helped shape the neoclassical style

Triangular

________ organization, as seen in Masaccio's Trinity with the Virgin, St. John the Evangelist, and Donors, was a popular device among Renaissance artists of Italy.

30.

_________, used to mark the entry to a reception hall in royal palaces, was adapted by Persian architects in the design of mosques.

44.

__________ are one of the most characteristic of islamic architectural ornaments

Because Christianity emphasized congregational worship, a fundamental change in the ________ was needed. a. architectural design of places of worship b. iconography of the church c. placement of the altar d. hierarchy of the gods e. All these answers are correct.

a

The term pantokrater, used in the title of the mosaic Christ as the Pantokater, is Greek for a. ruler of all. b. gentle. c. awe-inspiring. d. holy. e. savior.

a

What purpose is served by the carved figures that adorn the entryways at Chartres Cathedral? a. They serve as reminders that one is entering a sacred space. b. They are structural, holding up the archways above the doors. c. They form a narrative, telling the story of Sainte Foy. d. They are purely decorative, serving no real purpose. e. They form a narrative, but are purely decorative.

a

e. Jean-Honore Fragonard, The Pursuit

a

e. Nicolas Poussin

a

e. Nok

a

e. all islamic art is non-figurative

a

e. haft manzar

a

e. muqarnas

a

e. none of these

a

e. rococo painting

a

Abbot Suger's church near Paris, Saint-Denis, is the first ________ church ever built. The Abby Church of Sainte-Foy is the earliest _______ pilgrimage church.a. Gothicb. Romanesquec. High Renaissanced. Byzantinee. Carolingian a. Gothic b. Romanesque c. High Renaissance d. Carolingian e. post-and-beam

b

Architects of Romanesque churches began installing ________ around the apse, which allowed the overflow of pilgrims to circulate freely around the interior of the church. a. scaffolding b. ambulatories c. underground walkways d. transepts e. barrel vaulting

b

Gothic cathedrals are known especially for a. the privacy and intimacy of their interior spaces. b. their stained glass windows. c. their heavy Romanesque walls. d. their idyllic French countryside locations. e. rounded arches and symmetrical towers.

b

The technique in which colored yarns are sewn to an existing woven background is called a. interlace. b. embroidery. c. tempera. d. tapestry. e. gouache.

b

The walled, upward extension of the nave that is pierced with windows is called the a. nave. b. clerestory. c. narthex. d. apse. e. transept.

b

______ is a pattern or patterns formed by intricately interwoven ribbons or bands. a. Narthex b. Interlace c. Illumination d. Embroidery e. Ambulatory

b

e. Fragonard and Watteau

b

e. Persian

b

e. a passage from the Qur'an

b

e. amlienburg

b

e. buried in the leyster family crypt

b

e. iwan

b

e. textiles

b

In his painting ________, the artist Duccio pioneered the use of architecture to define space and direct movement. a. Icon with the Crucifixion b. Gospel Book of Durrow c. Christ Entering Jerusalem d. Pantokrator e. The Lamentation

c

The Palace Chapel at Aachen was built for ________ as his personal place of worship. a. Saint Denis b. Abbot Suger c. Charlemagne d. William of Normandy e. Constantine

c

The ________ is the walkway directly in front of a church that serves as the entry porch. a. nave b. clerestory c. narthex d. apse e. transept

c

The art and architecture of the high Middle Ages is generally divided into two periods, the ________ and the ________. a. Romanesque; Carolingian b. Renaissance; Gothic c. Romanesque; Gothic d. Romanesque; Renaissance e. Gothic; Carolingian

c

The gold-hammered vessel set with gems that contained the remains of Saint Foy is called a a. sarcophagus b. tomb. c. reliquary. d. icon. e. mosaic.

c

The major axis of a central-plan church, such as the church of San Vitale in Ravenna, is a. octagonal. b. rectilinear. c. vertical. d. diagonal e.horizontal

c

The transition from Romanesque to Gothic style can be seen in the ________ at Chartres Cathedral. a. architecture b. reliquaries c. mosaics d. sculpture e. architecture and sculpture

c

e. Benin

c

e. Copley

c

e. Jean paul marat

c

e. all of these

c

e. nkisi

c

e. none of these

c

1. Which work of art tells the story of a man who was murdered in his bath? a. The ashes of Phokion b. The proposition c. Judith and Maidservant with the head of holofernes d. The death of marate. The pursuit,

d

All the following are features of Romanesque architecture EXCEPT a. thick stone walls. b. barrel-vaulted stone ceilings. c. overall massiveness. d. large windows of stained glass. e. round arches.

d

Duccio and Giotto were two artists whose innovations in ________ greatly influenced Renaissance painting styles. a. basing their works on religious traditions b. introducing a flat, decorative space c. exploring classical subject matter d. creating figures and settings with an increased naturalism e. Gothic sculpture

d

Soaring open spaces, pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, and stained glass windows are characteristic of a. Renaissance architecture. b. Romanesque churches. c. the church of Sainte Foy. d. Gothic cathedrals. e. the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne.

d

Unlike their Greek and Roman predecessors, Byzantine artists preferred a. re-creation of daily life in their art. b. a natural, more realistic art. c. calligraphy in their art. d. a flattened, abstracted style of art. e. None of these answers is correct.

d

e. 9th

d

e. Byzantine

d

e. Dantes inferno

d

e. Glazed tiled

d

e. India

d

e. Minkondi

d

e. all of these

d

e. he was the son of a miller

d

e. none of these

d

e. none of these answers

d

e. still life

d

e. the rule of the monarchs

d

The ________ technique was used to complete the Empress Theodora and Retinue in 547 C.E. a. collage b. woven threads c. fresco d. encaustic e. mosaic

e

The cross-shaped floor plan of a church is formed by the combined shapes of the nave and the a. aisles. b. clerestory. c. narthex. d. apse. e. transept.

e

The mosaic Christ as the Sun exemplifies early Christian artists' appropriation of ________ iconography. a. Egyptian b. Greek c. Islamic d. Roman e. both Greek and Roman

e

e. Diego Velazques

e

e. Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun

e

e. The Oath of the Horatii

e

e. all of these

e

e. an iwan

e

e. emotion

e

e. flemish

e

e. minkondi

e

4.

painting depicting scenes of everyday life are known as________ paintings