Art Ch21

A work of art that is created from an existing item such as a table, or a printed poster, which an artist alters in some way and then calls his own, is an example of ______ art.

ready-made

Which are characteristics of early Cubism?

- the fragmentation of figures as if seen from multiple perspectives - the merging figure and ground where forms blend and intersect with the background - the inclusion of nontraditional elements such as primitive African and Iberian art

Expressionism largely developed in what century and country?

20th-century Germany

What was a lingering effect of the Fauvist movement?

Artists were free to use color without feeling bound to nature.

Bauhaus in English

Building House

What key elements offended detractors of Courbet's A Burial at Ornans?

Its size, lack of sentimentalization, and ordinary subjects

What did artists in the Realism movement find most inspiring?

Ordinary people and the events of present-day life

Which elements did Mondrian use most prominently in his art?

Primary colors Geometric shapes

The phrase "avant-garde" is a French military term for the first group of soldiers that go into battle.

True

Merit Oppenhiem created a Surrealist work titled Object, an example of incongruence. What are the two things that she melded together to create a sense of unease by their incompatibility?

A teacup and rabbit fur

After World War I, what did artists, designers, and architects find themselves trying collectively to see?

A world that was better than it had been before

Which nspired the artists of the Romanticism movement?

Awe-inspiring vistas in the landscape; Dramatic events in personal or political realm; Faraway locations

Marcel Breuer's armchair is a good example of what the ______ movement encompassed.

Bauhaus

What type of art did Hitler prize and promote to his citizens when he was Chancellor?

Classical realism, depicting home life and Christian morals

In Fauvist paintings, which element is considered to be a fully independent expressive element?

Color

What are the formal elements that reveal this painting to be in the style of fauvism?

Color as an independent expression Pictorial design prized above reality Expressive color free from constraint of nature

After the Russian Revolution of 1917, many artists in that country became part of a movement that believed that all types of art should exemplify the new ideals. This movement was called ______.

Constructivism

When the French painter Daumier, printed a lithograph of a family who had been needlessly shot to death by the French military, the king gave him a medal.

False

Paul Gauguin is known for which techniques?

Flattened forms and broad color areas Tertiary color harmonies A strong outline

What revelation did the artist Vasili Kandinsky have that changed his painting style?

He realized that subject matter is incidental to a painting's impact.

To what was Gustave Courbet's desire to paint individuals and scenes from ordinary life in the grand artistic tradition usually reserved for gods and royalty linked?

His radical political ideas and events such as the Paris uprising

What did Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres feel was the most worthy and inspiring subject matter for a painting?

History

What school of artists was named for a review of their groundbreaking 1874 exhibition as the Anonymous Society of Artists, Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, and so on?

Impressionists

Members of the Die Brücke (The Bridge) group, like Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, created compositions that included which characteristics?

Intense arbitrary colors Wavering contours

Why is Edouard Manet's Luncheon on the Grass considered to be such an important painting?

It combined classic figures with modern in a new juxtaposition of themes that jarred the art world.

For what reasons does Pierre-Auguste Renoir's Le Moulin de la Galette serve as a good example of Impressionism? Multiple select question.

It depicts dappled sunlight that shines and dances through the leaves. Its subject matter includes the outdoors.

Piet Mondrian was a prominent member of the De Stijl group, who prized streamlined order and geometry in art. What did he believe about nature?

It is full of irrationality and could lead to things like war.

Why is Thomas Cole's View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm (The Oxbow) an example of American Romanticism?

It shows majestic representations of nature.

Why was Marcel Duchamp's Fountain a controversial piece of art?

It was a urinal turned on its side and signed.

Marcel Duchamp caused a sensation and created what would become an iconic symbol of the Dada movement by drawing a ______ on a postcard of the Mona Lisa.

Mustache

With its hidden brushstrokes and subject matter, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres's Jupiter and Thetis follows what artistic style?

Neoclassicism

According to the artist ______ ______, if people could be surrounded by the type of regimented rational beauty his paintings represented, the world would become more balanced and humane.

Piet Mondrian

Based off of his interest in color theory, Georges Seurat developed a technique of painting involving small dots of color placed close together and blended by the eye. What was the name of this technique?

Pointillism

What were some of the modern technological devices that shocked the world with their destruction during World War I?

Poison gas Machine guns Submarines

Romanticism was largely a reaction to what previous age?

The Age of Reason

Which school of design was immediately shut down, but moved to America, when Hitler came to power in Germany?

The Bauhaus

What group of artists focused their compositions on the exploration of the mechanical motion?

The Futurists

What European school of painting was American artist Mary Cassatt invited to join?

The Impressionists

What substance did Umberto Boccioni believe that the artist must infuse into each work of art?

The energy that surrounds us, to give life to the work

What artist is credited with adapting the conventions of Realism from its original European context to create a distinctly American Realist style?

Thomas Eakins

Why was it important that Marcel Breuer's armchair design was economical to produce?

To make good design affordable to everyone

To whom are the women of Pablo Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon advertising their services?

To us, the viewers of the painting

The movement in art that describes any style where the artist's subjective feelings take precedence over objective observation is called ______.

expressionism

Like the Impressionists, the Post-Impressionist artists had a cohesive style that was easily identifiable.

False

What aspects, in part, inspired the Futurists to create art?

Speed and energy Modern machinery

What were Picasso and Braque prepared to give up in their search for originality in their art?

Their personal artistic style

How does Pablo Picasso portray the women of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon?

They are flat and angular with hints of primitivism.

Matisse valued ______ and ______ over the accurate depiction of a subject.

color; design

Experimentation with ______ and ______ defined the avant-garde movement of the early 20th century.

color; form

Max Ernst claimed that a _____ inspired his work Two Children Are Threatened by a Nightingale.

dream

The ______ intensity of Vincent van Gogh's The Starry Night is a defining element of the painter's work, inspiring generations of artists to come.

emotional

The primary element being conveyed in Umberto Boccioni's Unique Forms of Continuity in Space is ______, which is highly representative of the Futurist style.

motion

The artists in the Dada art movement shared what defining characteristic?

A refusal to make sense

The Impressionist painters were most concerned with what aspect in their works?

Capturing light and recording optical sensations

What principle ideas of the Bauhaus movement is utilized in this poster by Herbert Bayer?

Font lacking serifs Industrial look Primary colors Geometric forms

Which early 20th-century figure highly influenced the Surrealist artists?

Sigmund Freud

What were the inspirations of Surrealist works?

Sigmund Freud Dreams Sexual drive

Which idea and theme did Dada and Surrealism most embrace?

Silliness