Art Chapter 7
ground
the surface onto which paint is applied, consisting of sizing plus primer.
impasto
thick paint applied to a surface in a heavy manner, having the appearance and consistency of butter paste or of cake frosting.
Gouache ( opaque)
Resembles watercolor except that the vehicle includes small amounts of fine chalk powder that makes it opaque
Anne Trutt
Return Used acrylic
John Singer Sargent
Rio de Santa Maria Formosa, Venice Watercolor
Jeremy Blake
Sodium Fox DVD collage, uses poem by David Berman
support require sealing to lessen their absorptive qualities and to smooth them by filling in the pores of the material
sealant is called size
Watercolor
Paint that uses water-soluble gum as the binder and water as the vehicle. Transparency
Pros and cons of Acrylic
Binder is acrylic polymer, a synthetic resin that provides a fast-drying flexible film. Because acrylic resin binder is transparent, colors maintain high degree of intensity. Rarely darken or yellow with age. Has quick drying time
Tom Wudl
Rembrandt's Indulgence was Van Gogh's Dilemma Uses oil, Trompe l'oeil qualities
Keltie Ferris
++++****)))) Uses spray paint
Acrylic
A clear synthetic resin used as a binder in acrylic paint and as a casting material in sculpture
Matte
A dull finish or surface, especially in painting, photography, and ceramics
What is a support
A physical material that provides the base for and sustains a 2D work of art. Surface that artist paints on.
Primer
A primary layer of paint applied to a surface that is to be painted. Used to create a uniform surface (usually white)
Airbrushes
A small-scale paint sprayer that allows the artist to control a fine mist of paint A small-scale paint sprayer capable of projecting a fine, controlled mist of paint it provides an even paint application without the personal touch of individual brush strokes , and it is therefore well suited to creating subtle gradations of color.
Glaze
A very thin transparent film of color applied over a previously painted surface. Give depth to painting surfaces by allowing light to pass through and reflect from lower paint layers
Tempera
A water-based paint that uses egg yolk as a binder.
Pigment
Any coloring agent made from natural or synthetic substances, used in paints or drawing, usually in the form of very fine powder. "Provides color"
Pros and Cons of Oil
Can provide increased opacity(yields better covering power), and when thinned, greater transparency. Also it's slow drying time whihc allows artists to blend strokes of color and make changes during the painting process. Colors in oil change little when drying. BUT the binder has a tendency to darken and yellow slightly with age
Diego Rivera
Detroit Industry Fresco
How does drawing and painting connect?
Drawing isi often a natural prelude to painting, and painting is often drawing with paint.
Portrait of a Boy
Encaustic
Direct Painting
Executing a painting in one sitting, applying wet over wet colors
Pros and Cons of Egg Tempera
Good for achieving sharp lines and precise details, and it does not darken with age, but colors change during drying, and tempera dries rapidly
Zhang Daqian
Hidden Valley, After Guo XI Watercolor
Watercolor is a demanding medium because...
It does not permit easy corrections or changes
Vehicle
Liquid emulsion used as a carrier or spreading agent in paints the vehicle makes the paint a liquid and can be added to the paint for thinning
Jan Van Eyck
Madonna and Child With the Chancellor Rolin Uses oil
Casein
Milk protein used as a binder in opaque water-based paint
Opaque
Non-translucent. Also called gouache
Fresco ( true fresco or buon fresco )
Painting technique in which pigments suspended in water are applied to a damp lime-plaster surface. Pigments dry to become a part of the plaster wall or surface. Colors reach greatest intensity 50-100 years after a fresco is painted The vehicle is water, and the binder is the lime present in the damp plaster.
All Paints consist of three ingredients...
Pigment, Binder, and Vehicle
Paint surface requires a...
Support
Baroque Period
The 17th century period in Europe characterized in the visual arts by dramatic light and shade, turbulent composition, and pronounced emotional expression
Sandro Botticelli
The Story of Nastagio Degli Onesti Tempera
Calligraphy
The art of beautiful writing. Broadly a flowing use of line, often varying from thick to thin
Binder
The sticky substance that holds the pigment particles together and attaches the pigment to the surface
Joan Mitchell
Untitled Uses oil pain
Lita Albuquerque
Wind Painting 01.08.12, 1:10:44 PM PST
What are some common supports?
Wood panel, stretched canvas, and paper
Gesso
a mixture of glue chalk, thinned with water and applied as a ground before painting with oil or egg tempera . A chalky water-based liquid that dries to a bright white
Size
any of several substances Made from glue, wax, or clay, used as a filler for porous material such as paper, canvas, or other cloth. Used to protect the surface from the deteriorating effects of paint, particularly oil paint.
Encaustic
are suspended in hot beeswax, resulting in lustrous surfaces that bring out full richness of colors. A type of painting in which pigment is suspended in a binder of hot beeswax. Wax is both binder and vehicle
most common today is white rag paper
because of its superior absorbency and long-lasting qualities.
Fresno Secco ( dry fresco )
done on finished, dry, lime-plaster walls
in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, major advances in the chemical industry made it possible to produce synthetic pigments that extend the available range of stable colors
ground minerals and dried plant juices were the most common pigment sources in ancient times
when applied thickly
it is called impasto ( oil paint works best for this technique )
Examples of Binder
linseed oil or acrylic polymer
wood and canvas require sizing
paper used for watercolor does not use sizing
pigment must
pigments colors must be stable while drying and resist fading over time.