Art FTCE- Art pieces

Piet Mondrian's Gray Tree, shown, uses which of the following color schemes

Achromatic

The pose of the brightly lit central figure has been associated with which of the following

Christian iconography; The highlighted central figure's pose references Christian iconography, adding a level of meaning to the dramatic depiction of an historical event.

n Ravenna's church of San Vitale, the richly colored Empress Theodora and Her Attendants was created in which of the following media

Glass tesserae; This representation of Empress Theodora and Her Attendants is a Byzantine wall mosaic created using tiny glass tiles called tesserae

Goya's The Disasters of War can be seen as the prototype for which of the following works by Pablo Picasso

Guernica; Both Goya's The Disasters of War and Picasso's Guernica are passionate expressions of anguish at the brutality of war. None of the other Picasso works mentioned is related to war.

Mary Cassatt's use of line and flat color in the print shown was influenced by which of the following

Japanese woodblock prints; Mary Cassatt's print Woman Bathing was clearly influenced by the Japanese ukiyo-e style of woodblock prints, which used areas of flat color bound by strong outlines.

In Paul Klee's Static-Dynamic Gradation, the central rectangular shapes that appear to visually advance the most are best described as which of the following

Light in value with high chroma

In Utagawa Hiroshige's print, the illusion of deep space is created through the use of which of the following

Overlapping placement

Which of the following is an aspect of the portrait head that is closely tied to the sculpture's expressive quality

Uneven treatment of the surface texture; By varying the surface texture of the work, Rodin has caused the light that hits the sculpture to emphasize the contrast between raised and sunken areas. This heightens the facial characteristics that convey the subject's emotional state

In her painting Judith and Holofernes, shown, Artemisia Gentileschi drew attention to the painting's focal point, the beheading of Holofernes, primarily through the use o

lines created by the figures' limbs; Although Artemisia Gentileschi used dramatic illumination similar to the light in Caravaggio's painting of the same subject, it is her masterful use of dramatic composition that best helps the viewer focus on the decapitation of Holofernes. The limbs of the two women direct attention to that focal point.

In Magdalen with the Smoking Flame, Georges de La Tour included the skull under the subject's hand to emphasize her

renunciation of vanity

In addition to the shape created by the internal red lines on the illuminated manuscript page, the distinction between figure and ground is created through

shifts in color relationships; The figure, which is the shape outlined in red, and the ground around it are each filled with intricate, multicolored interlace. The dominant red/green combination in the figure helps to set it off from the ground, with its dominant blue/yellow combination.

The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci deteriorated rapidly as a result of his decision to

use an experimental paint made of oil and tempera; A true fresco is created by painting on wet plaster and is usually long lasting. Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper is not a fresco. Instead Leonardo decided to experiment by applying oil and tempera paint on a dry plaster ground. Unfortunately, the work began deteriorating rapidly as a result of his decision and has required much painstaking restoration work through the years.

Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People is most notable for which of the following

Allegorical personification of a nation; Although Delacroix's painting was inspired by a true event, the Parisian uprising of 1830, it includes the allegorical personification of France in the form of the Roman goddess Libertas and is therefore not realistic

This work, painted by James Abbott McNeill Whistler, promotes which of the following philosophical stances

Art can be created for the sake of its intrinsic beauty alone; The artist James Abbott McNeill Whistler was an American expatriate living in London, whose aesthetic philosophy was "l'art pour l'art" (art for art's sake). In 1877, Whistler exhibited Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket, a semiabstract landscape composed in layers of translucent atmospheric color. This work outraged conservative art critics. The powerful art critic John Ruskin wrote a sharply critical article about the painting. In response Whistler, charging slander, sued Ruskin for damages. Although Whistler won the case in court he was only awarded a farthing (the smallest coin in the realm). Yet he did succeed in making a case for artistic beauty existing independently of realistic subject matter. His belief that art could be created for its intrinsic beauty alone laid the groundwork for the modern art movement.

The elements of the sculpture are organized according to

Asymmetrical balance is clearly evident in the image, particularly in the balance of the visually heavier forms to the left of the central vertical with the longer, lighter horizontal form that extends to the right.

In Judith Leyster's The Proposition, the dramatic contrast between dark and light tones is commonly associated with which of the following techniques

Chiaroscuro; Chiaroscuro refers to the use of light and shadow to create the illusion of depth in a two-dimensional artwork

The Vladimir Virgin is an example of which of the following

Byzantine icon; The Vladimir Virgin is a rare surviving Byzantine icon, which is a medieval religious image that was used for Christian worship in churches, as a personal amulet, and sometimes carried into battle. Dating back to the twelfth century, the painting is venerated for its historical and religious significance.

Which of the following characteristics contributes most to the dynamic nature of the shapes in Malevich's composition

Diagonal placement; Though there are strong colors and asymmetrical groups of shapes in the painting, it is the use of diagonals in the composition that creates the sense of dynamism and movement. Because of the way he uses diagonals, Malevich is able to create a composition that is dynamic despite its relative simplicity

The Red Tree illustrates the use of which of the following principles of design

Dynamic balance around a vertical axis; The tree's trunk and the branches that extend to the right create an arc. A vertical axis placed at the highest point of the tree would show balanced left and right halves of the image. They are not symmetrical, because the shapes on either side are not the same, but the thick trunk is balanced by the greater area of lighter branches on the right.

Andrea Mantegna's painting Lamentation over the Dead Christ demonstrates which of the following

Foreshortening and Naturalism

The use of color and shape in the sculpture reflect its association with

Formalism; Formalist art plays down content and instead emphasizes the principles of design and the elements used to express them. In this sculpture, though the title refers to recognizable objects, the objects are represented by simple, geometric forms; the content could not be discerned simply by looking at the work.

After a long legal battle with the Austrian government, the ownership of Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I was reclaimed by family heirs through which of the following processes

Restitution

The painting's subject, a solitary figure gazing out on a mysterious fog-cloaked landscape, embodies the philosophy of which of the following

Romanticism; By rejecting the rationality of Neoclassicism, Romantics valued the heroic individual and looked to nature as a source of inspiration and transcendence. Caspar David Friedrich's painting Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog embodies the philosophy of Romanticism by depicting a lone individual contemplating the mysteries of nature

Which of the following statements is applicable to this painting by Jacob Lawrence

Shapes and colors are repeated to create a visual rhythm; Lawrence uses a variety of repeated shapes (such as the triangular barber capes and the shapes of the men's arms) and colors (such as the dark browns, light blues, greens, and reds/oranges) to create an intricate combination of rhythms in the composition.

The earthwork Spiral Jetty was created by which of the following artists

Spiral Jetty is a site-specific earthwork sculpture created by Robert Smithson in 1970

Which of the following elements place Jean-Antoine Houdon's sculpture of George Washington within the style of the Neoclassical period

The artist's use of marble, The subject's contrapposto pose and The artist's inclusion of a column of bundled reeds; The artist's use of white marble, positioning of the subject in a contrapposto pose, and inclusion of a column of bundled reeds all place the sculpture within the Neoclassical stylistic tradition.

The initial reception of Gustave Courbet's painting The Stone Breakers was controversial owing to which of the following

The artwork's truthful portrayal of ordinary people; The Stone Breakers by Gustave Courbet is considered a seminal work of the Realism movement. By rejecting the idealized academic standards of the time, Courbet courted controversy by realistically depicting average workers in a large, detailed composition, thereby elevating ordinary, and often poor, people as a subject worthy of artistic representation

When painting Europe After the Rain II, Max Ernst created the foreground by placing a piece of paper on the painted surface and then pulling the paper away, creating accidental patterns and textures that provided the Surrealist artist with which of the following

The basis for form inspired by free association; Max Ernst often used automatic techniques to free his unconscious imagination and provide inspiration for new subject matter. In some of his later work, evident in Europe After the Rain II, he experimented with a process called decalcomania to create the foliage-like patterns that provided the basis for this strange and dreamlike landscape

The painting shown exemplifies which of the following

Trompe l'oeil; The Irish-American artist William Michael Harnett is well known for his trompe l'oeil still life paintings of common objects. This style of trompe l'oeil was developed by Harnett and copied by many other artists. The painting shown exemplifies the technique.

Which of the following is a feature of Hokusai's Japanese landscape that would distinguish it from a European landscape painting or print created prior to 1850

The flat use of color and abstract shapes; Hokusai is one of the Japanese printmakers whose work was imported to Paris in the mid-nineteenth century and strongly influenced artists such as Degas and Cassatt. One of the aspects of the imported ukiyo-e prints that most impressed European artists was the way representation of space was changed by using areas of relatively flat color to compose an image. Because they are not modeled as required in European tradition, many of the color areas, such as the cloud formation and the triangular roofs of the buildings, read as abstract shapes.

In the sculpture shown, which of the following most clearly communicates the idea of relative importance

The unnatural scale of the Buddha compared to the other figures in the artwork communicates the relative importance of the subject

In the 1800s, the painting shown created a controversy among art critics primarily because the artist painted

a flattened figure with few shadows and little modeling; Édouard Manet's painting The Fifer, while now recognized as a masterpiece of early modernism, was not well appreciated in the artist's own time. The painting depicts a teenage musician from a ceremonial military band. Rather than model his subject conventionally using Renaissance chiaroscuro, the artist shocked critics by choosing to render the figure brightly lit from the front with little modeling and only a hint of shadow behind, giving the painting a curious flatness. The painting was refused at the Paris Salon of 1866 under the pretext that the modeling was flat. The painting was exhibited in 1867 and included in the major retrospective exhibition of Manet's work after his death in 1883. The Fifer currently resides in the Musée d'Orsay in Paris, France.

The balance in the painting, Alios Itzhak, is best characterized as

approximate symmetrical

The objects depicted in the painting shown symbolize the

brevity of life; The painting An Oyster Breakfast by Willem van Aelst contains symbolic references to the theme of vanitas, which emphasizes the brevity of life. In vanitas still lifes, an abundance of food can be seen as a symbol of luxury but at the same time has a double meaning: food does not last forever and life does not, either. This is emphasized through the representation of highly perishable food such as oysters.

Which of the following media was an essential part of the time-consuming preparation of Duccio's panel before gilding and painting

gesso; Many layers of gesso, which traditionally consists of a binder mixed with chalk and white pigment, are applied to panels as a primer before painting and gilding

The statue memorializing Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius is notable for being one of the only

surviving bronze statues from antiquity; This artwork memorializing Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius is notable for being one of the only surviving bronze statues from antiquity.

Judy Chicago's Dinner Party celebrates

the achievements and contributions of women throughout history; Celebrating the achievements of women throughout history, the "table" created for Judy Chicago's Dinner Party is set with 39 place settings, each dedicated to an important woman (e.g., Georgia O'Keefe, Susan B. Anthony, Sojourner Truth); the names of 999 additional "women of achievement" are inscribed on the floor of the piece.