Art history 6

Mosaic

A decoration comprised of small glass and stone pieces set in cement

Gargoyle

A grotesque flying monster made of carved stone or cast metal that served as a rain spout on huge churches

Tympanum

A half-round panel with a relief sculpture found over a church doorway

Pilgrimage

A journey to a holy place

What is a mosaic? Where were they seen?

A mosaic is a decoration made with small pieces of glass and stone set in cement. They were seen on walls in the Christian churches

Buttress

A support or brace that counteracts the outward thrust of an arch or vault

what part of the church building is the tympanum? where was it located? why was this feature added?

A tympanum is a half-round panel that fills the space between the lintel and the arch over the doorway of the church. it was an area where people naturally looked up at. perfect location for a relief sculpture

The ____________ is an impressive example of Islamic architecture found in Granada, Spain

Alhambra

define the term gothic, why was it given to the art period, why is the term misleading?

Gothic is a period that began around the middle of the twelfth century and lasted to the end of the fifteenth century. Goths and other barbarian tribes brought the fall of Rome just like the gothic buildings that replaces classical forms. its misleading because goths did not actually design or build these buildings

The ______________ is one of the best examples of Byzantine architecture and was built by emperor Justinian

Hagia Sophia

Three periods of the Middle Ages

Early medieval, the Romanesque, and the gothic

________________ was important in Gothic art because he painted natural looking figures with real emotions

Giotto di Bondone

how do Giotto's painted figures differ from those painted by earlier artists?

Giotto painted natural looking figures who appear to take real actions in real space

What brought about the fall of Rome or the Western Roman Empire? Who became the central authority in the West?

In the West the emperors gradually lost their influence and prestige, it then fell to barbarian invaders. The Church governed by the pope assumed its place as the central authority in the West

monasticism? Where and when did it originate?

Monasticism refers to a way of life where individuals gathered together to spend their days in prayer and self denial. it originated ib the Near East as early as the third and fourth centuries ad

What are piers? How did the use of piers affect the design of church interiors?

Piers are massive vertical pillars that support arched made of cut stone. These allowed for thinner walls and more windows to light the interior of the church. it also created the appearance of lighter weight.

how gothic sculptures differ from sculptures on a Romanesque church?

Romanesque carvers made their figures appear firmly attached to the wall. Gothic sculptors made their project outward into space. Romanesque sculptures clearly identified anything in the Bible where gothic sculptures' figures looked like real people

Medieval books decorated with _____________ are called illuminated manuscripts

Silver, gold and rich colors

What is Alhambra? where is it found and what's its significance? Name and describe the architectural feature found at the heart of the Alhambra

The Alhambra is a fortress palace. found in Granada Spain. The court of Lions is the heart of the palace. it is a delicate arcade supported by 124 marble columns. a fountain is in the center of the court with carved lions.

What name was given to the eastern half of the Roman Empire after the fall of Rome in Italy? What cities surpassed the glories of Rome? How long did this empire last?

The Byzantine Empire. The city of Constantinople surpassed Rome's glories. the empire lasted for another 1000 years.

The third period of the Middle Ages is called

The Gothic Period

What is the Koran and what role did Muhammad play in its creation?

The Koran is the holy scripture of Islam. After Muhammad's death his messages received from God were assembled into the Koran

Even though Christians art appeared Roman how were they different?

The beliefs and ideas they passed on to other Christians were not Roman beliefs and ideas, they were christian

flying buttress

a support or brace that counteracts the outward thrust of an arch or vault

ex of symbolism used by manuscript illustrators

angel-mathew, lion-mark, bull-Luke, eagle-John

what type of art did the church favor during the Medieval period?

art that could teach and inspire people in the world

Romanesque churches vs gothic cathedrals

gothic interiors were bathed in tinted light passing through the walls of stained glass, where romanesque churches had to be lighted from within by candles and lamps. gothic cathedrals were in cities where romanesque churches were in rural areas

describe feudalism and why the life of a serf was unjust and difficult

feudalism was a system where weak noblemen gave uo the lands and much of their freedom to more powerful lords in return for protection. serfs were poor peasants who worked the land and would be handed over with the land when passed from nobleman to another

limitations imposed on a fresco painting

if the artist paints over the surface after it had dried the repainting usually flaked off over time. if a mistake was made the whole surface had to be cleaned off and the section painted again. meaning not a lot of detail could be put in these pictures because they did not have enough time

type of images islamic book illustrators allowed to depict

images that could never have been represented in mosques

the source of wealth and power under the feudal system. Main purposes of Romanesque castles built during this period

land was the source of wealth and power. main purpose was for defense.

main concerns of romanesque painters? describe the common features of their paintings.

main concerns was the presentation of easy to understand religious symbols not with the imitation of reality. easy to read messages, flat colorful shapes, bold use of line.

what is a fresco painting?

painting created when pigment is applied to a wall spread with fresh plaster

structural features that enabled gothic builders to add windows to their cathedrals

pointed arches, piers and flying buttresses eliminated the need for strong walls

What are symbols and what part did they play in early Christian art?

symbols are familiar figures or signs used to represent something else. Christians artists used symbols as a kind of code.

what effect did the design of Italian churches of the Gothic period have on the art used to decorate the interiors of those churches?

the Italian churches were decorated with murals in their walls to have their interior decorated

what began at the same time Rome fell? how did the loss of a strong central government affect society?

the early medieval period. the loss created a time of uncertainty, a period of conflicts, open warfare, and mass migrations of foreigners.

what is the most important part of the mosque? Describe its appearance

the mihrab. it is a niche in the wall that indicates the direction of Mecca and is large enough to accommodate a single standing figure.

why was it necessary to increase the size of Romanesque churches?

to hold the great number of pilgrims that visited them