Art history 6
Mosaic
A decoration comprised of small glass and stone pieces set in cement
Gargoyle
A grotesque flying monster made of carved stone or cast metal that served as a rain spout on huge churches
Tympanum
A half-round panel with a relief sculpture found over a church doorway
Pilgrimage
A journey to a holy place
What is a mosaic? Where were they seen?
A mosaic is a decoration made with small pieces of glass and stone set in cement. They were seen on walls in the Christian churches
Buttress
A support or brace that counteracts the outward thrust of an arch or vault
what part of the church building is the tympanum? where was it located? why was this feature added?
A tympanum is a half-round panel that fills the space between the lintel and the arch over the doorway of the church. it was an area where people naturally looked up at. perfect location for a relief sculpture
The ____________ is an impressive example of Islamic architecture found in Granada, Spain
Alhambra
define the term gothic, why was it given to the art period, why is the term misleading?
Gothic is a period that began around the middle of the twelfth century and lasted to the end of the fifteenth century. Goths and other barbarian tribes brought the fall of Rome just like the gothic buildings that replaces classical forms. its misleading because goths did not actually design or build these buildings
The ______________ is one of the best examples of Byzantine architecture and was built by emperor Justinian
Hagia Sophia
Three periods of the Middle Ages
Early medieval, the Romanesque, and the gothic
________________ was important in Gothic art because he painted natural looking figures with real emotions
Giotto di Bondone
how do Giotto's painted figures differ from those painted by earlier artists?
Giotto painted natural looking figures who appear to take real actions in real space
What brought about the fall of Rome or the Western Roman Empire? Who became the central authority in the West?
In the West the emperors gradually lost their influence and prestige, it then fell to barbarian invaders. The Church governed by the pope assumed its place as the central authority in the West
monasticism? Where and when did it originate?
Monasticism refers to a way of life where individuals gathered together to spend their days in prayer and self denial. it originated ib the Near East as early as the third and fourth centuries ad
What are piers? How did the use of piers affect the design of church interiors?
Piers are massive vertical pillars that support arched made of cut stone. These allowed for thinner walls and more windows to light the interior of the church. it also created the appearance of lighter weight.
how gothic sculptures differ from sculptures on a Romanesque church?
Romanesque carvers made their figures appear firmly attached to the wall. Gothic sculptors made their project outward into space. Romanesque sculptures clearly identified anything in the Bible where gothic sculptures' figures looked like real people
Medieval books decorated with _____________ are called illuminated manuscripts
Silver, gold and rich colors
What is Alhambra? where is it found and what's its significance? Name and describe the architectural feature found at the heart of the Alhambra
The Alhambra is a fortress palace. found in Granada Spain. The court of Lions is the heart of the palace. it is a delicate arcade supported by 124 marble columns. a fountain is in the center of the court with carved lions.
What name was given to the eastern half of the Roman Empire after the fall of Rome in Italy? What cities surpassed the glories of Rome? How long did this empire last?
The Byzantine Empire. The city of Constantinople surpassed Rome's glories. the empire lasted for another 1000 years.
The third period of the Middle Ages is called
The Gothic Period
What is the Koran and what role did Muhammad play in its creation?
The Koran is the holy scripture of Islam. After Muhammad's death his messages received from God were assembled into the Koran
Even though Christians art appeared Roman how were they different?
The beliefs and ideas they passed on to other Christians were not Roman beliefs and ideas, they were christian
flying buttress
a support or brace that counteracts the outward thrust of an arch or vault
ex of symbolism used by manuscript illustrators
angel-mathew, lion-mark, bull-Luke, eagle-John
what type of art did the church favor during the Medieval period?
art that could teach and inspire people in the world
Romanesque churches vs gothic cathedrals
gothic interiors were bathed in tinted light passing through the walls of stained glass, where romanesque churches had to be lighted from within by candles and lamps. gothic cathedrals were in cities where romanesque churches were in rural areas
describe feudalism and why the life of a serf was unjust and difficult
feudalism was a system where weak noblemen gave uo the lands and much of their freedom to more powerful lords in return for protection. serfs were poor peasants who worked the land and would be handed over with the land when passed from nobleman to another
limitations imposed on a fresco painting
if the artist paints over the surface after it had dried the repainting usually flaked off over time. if a mistake was made the whole surface had to be cleaned off and the section painted again. meaning not a lot of detail could be put in these pictures because they did not have enough time
type of images islamic book illustrators allowed to depict
images that could never have been represented in mosques
the source of wealth and power under the feudal system. Main purposes of Romanesque castles built during this period
land was the source of wealth and power. main purpose was for defense.
main concerns of romanesque painters? describe the common features of their paintings.
main concerns was the presentation of easy to understand religious symbols not with the imitation of reality. easy to read messages, flat colorful shapes, bold use of line.
what is a fresco painting?
painting created when pigment is applied to a wall spread with fresh plaster
structural features that enabled gothic builders to add windows to their cathedrals
pointed arches, piers and flying buttresses eliminated the need for strong walls
What are symbols and what part did they play in early Christian art?
symbols are familiar figures or signs used to represent something else. Christians artists used symbols as a kind of code.
what effect did the design of Italian churches of the Gothic period have on the art used to decorate the interiors of those churches?
the Italian churches were decorated with murals in their walls to have their interior decorated
what began at the same time Rome fell? how did the loss of a strong central government affect society?
the early medieval period. the loss created a time of uncertainty, a period of conflicts, open warfare, and mass migrations of foreigners.
what is the most important part of the mosque? Describe its appearance
the mihrab. it is a niche in the wall that indicates the direction of Mecca and is large enough to accommodate a single standing figure.
why was it necessary to increase the size of Romanesque churches?
to hold the great number of pilgrims that visited them
