Art History chapters 14, 20, & 21

Book of Hours

A Christian religious book for private devotion containing prayers to be read at specified times of the day.

In Masaccio's Trinity there is a coffered barrel-vault reminiscent of which of the following?

A Roman triumphal arch

Intagli

A graphic technique in which the design is incised, or scratched, on a metal plate, either manually(engraving, drypoint) or chemically (etching). The incised lines of the design take the ink, making this the reverse of the woodcut technique.

Illuminated Manuscript

A luxurious handmade book with painted illustrations and decoration

Perspective

A method of presenting an illusion of the three-dimensional world on a two-dimensional surface.

In 1401 an important competition was held to determine the design of the Baptistery doors for the Cathedral of Florence. Even at this early date Renaissance traits were evident. Which of the following is one of those traits?

A new pictorial illusionism

Altarpiece

A pane, painted or sculpted, situated above and behind an altar

Woodcut

A wood block on the surface of which those parts not intended to print are cut away to a slight depth, leaving the design raised' also, the printed impression made with such a block.

In Ghiberti's Isaac and his Sons from the east doors of the Baptistery, he arrange the figures in front of grandiose architecture. Which of the following architects stated, "the grandeur of the architecture reflects the dignity of the events shown in the foreground"?

Alberti

Which of the following architects wrote influential treaties on painting and architecture?

Alberti

In Masaccio's Trinity, the vanishing point can be found at which of the following?

At the foot of the Cross

One of the most important trading cities of fifteenth century Netherlands was ________.

Bruges

Which city derived its wealth from banking and the wool trade?

Bruges

The development of linear perspective is generally credited to _________.

Brunelleschi

The word Renaissance means rebirth. Which of the following was a revived interest during this time?

Classical culture

The ________ period refers to the art and culture of ancient Greece between 480 and 323 BCE. Lowercase __________ refers more generally to Greco-Roman art and culture.

Classical/classical

________ refers to the way an artist organized the forms on a flat surface or in space.

Composition

An artwork's _________ is all the information in a work, including its subject and meaning. The unique set of circumstances (personal, historical, religious, cultural...) affecting the creating of an artwork.

Context

The Classical principle of contrapposto, or weight shift, was reintroduced into Western art by the sculptor _____.

Donatello

The Hundred Years War involved primarily which two kingdoms?

England and France

Which Italian city played the most important role in the development of Renaissance ideas and art forms in the early fifteenth century?

Florence

In art, _________ refers to an object's shape and structure.

Form

Renaissance

French "Rebirth". The term used to describe the history, culture, and art of the 14th - through 16th - century western Europe during which artists consciously revived the classical style.

Trompe L'Oeil

French, "Fools the eye". A form of illusionistic painting that aims to deceive viewers into believing that they are seeing real objects rather than a representation of these objects.

The fifteenth-century Italian artist whose work showed the most influence of the International style was ________.

Gentile da Fabriano

Which of the following artists actively collected Classical sculpture?

Ghiberti

He restored the naturalistic approach to painting as practiced in Antiquity. He inaugurated a method of pictorial expression based on observation. He revealed nature and its visible order. This describes which of the following artists?

Giotto

Whose work is best characterized by the use of solid volumes resting firmly on the flat and horizontal surface of this earth?

Giotto

Which artist served as the dean of painters' guild of Ghent and worked for Tommaso Portinari?

Hugo van der Goes

________ is a general stylistic category referring to realistic imagery created by an artist using the close observation of the natural wold as his or her guide. It is the core of the classical tradition.

Iconography

_________, a Greek word meaning the "writing of images," refers to the study of the content in art including symbolic, often religious meaning of objects, persons, and events depicted in works of art.

Iconography

________ is a general stylistic category referring to realistic imagery created by an artist using culturally-shared ideas of what something should look like.

Idealized

Chiaroscuro

In drawing or painting, the treatment and use of light and dark, especially the gradation of light that produce the effect of modeling

Humanism

In the Renaissance, an emphasis on education and on expanding knowledge (especially of classical antiquity), the exploration of individual potential and a desire to excel, and a commitment to civic responsibility and moral duty.

In Masaccio's Trinity, he embodies two principal Renaissance interests. One is realism based on observation. Which of the following is the other?

It is the application of mathematics to pictorial organization of perspective

Maniera Greca

Italian "Greek manner". The Italo-Byzantine painting style of the 13th century

Giornata

Italian "day". The section of plaster that a fresco painter expects to complete in one session

di soto in su

Italian, "From below upward". a perspective view seen from below.

The illusionism found in French manuscript was influenced by contact with ________?

Italy

Which of the following artists created one of the earliest portraits where the sitter engages the viewr?

Jan van Eyck

Who was the noble patron who commissioned Les Tres Riches Heures?

Jean, Duke of Berry

Oculus

Latin, "Eye". The round central opening of a clone. Also, a small round window in a Gothic Cathedral.

Which of the following was the most prominent patron of the fifteenth-century Florentine art?

Medici family

Gothic

Originally a derogatory term named after the goths, used to describe the history, culture, and art of western Europe in the 12th to 14th centuries. Typically divided into periods designated Early (1140-1194), high (1194-1300), and late (412-558)

Buon Fresco

Painting on lime plaster wet.

Fresco Secco

Painting on limeplaser dry

A ________ is a recognizable depiction of people, places, actions, things, etc. A visual description.

Representation

_________ refers to a distinctive artistic manner. It can refer to a period, regional, or personal manner.

Style

Giotto's Enthroned Madonna reflected the new trend toward naturalism and classical modeling of the figures. Which of the following describes this new trend?

The Virgin in solid and has mass.

Contrapposto

The disposition of the human figure in which one part is turned in opposition to another part (usually hips and legs one way, and shoulder and chest another) creating a counter positioning of the body about its central axis.

Foreshortening

The use of perspective to represent in art the apparent visual contraction of an object that extends back in space at an angle to the perpendicular plane of sight

The duke of Mantua commissioned the frescoes of the Camera degli Sposi from Mantegna for which of the following purposes?

To create a visual expression of his authority

Which of the following is a manifestation of the commitment to private prayer?

a Book of Hours

Tempera paint

a technique of painting using pigment mixed with egg yolk, glue, or casein; also, the medium itself.

Linear perspective, Horizon line, Vanishing point

all parallel lines or surface edge converge on one, two, or three vanishing points located with reference to the eye level of the viewer (the horizon line of the picture) and associated objects are rendered smaller the further from the viewer they are intended to seem

In Martin Schongauer's engraving he created distinctions of tonal values and textures. He distinguished between skin and cloth, feather and fur. In what medium did Schongauer work?

engraving

Jan van Eyck's Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride contains many symbols. Which of the following is an allusion to the presence of God?

on lit candle

Which art form grew in popularity partially because of its ability to memorialize the sitter?

portraiture

The style of Ghiberti can be characterized as a rhythmic, unified system for depicting space. He is further credited with which of the following?

realism in characterization , movement, and surface detail

Medieval

relating to the middle ages

In the calendar pages of Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry scenes of courtly life alternate with _______.

seasonal tasks

Ghiberti's competitive panel for the Baptistery doors of the Florence Cathedral shows classical references that reflect influences of humanism. Which of the following is a classical reference seen on Ghiberti's panel?

the naked figure of Isaac

Naturalistic

the style of painted or sculpted representation based on close observation of the natural world that was at the core of the classical tradition

How did Masaccio create a sense of bulk for his figures in the Tribute Money?

through modeling with a specific light source outside the picture

Art historians may reconstruct distorted picture of the past if they do not understand the cultural ______.

traditions, priorities, language, and economy