Art History Pearson Revel Chapters 1-20

How do the paintings in caves take advantage of the natural formations on the cave walls?

The protuberances on the walls form the abdomens and other features of the animals painted there.

Why is the name "Venus" no longer used to describe Paleolithic sculptures like the Woman of Willendorf?

The religious association is no longer accepted.

How did the ancient Egyptians view artists?

There is little evidence except the artists' work, but it appears that the Egyptians admired and respected artists.

Strongly influenced by Sumerian culture, the Assyrians

adopted the ziggurat form and preserved Sumerian texts.

What helped the Romans rule such a vast empire, stretching from the Euphrates to Scotland and including all of the lands around the Mediterranean Sea?

an enormous and complex building program

Egyptian-stepped pyramids are similar to Mesopotamian ziggurats in

appearance—both consist of successively smaller layers stacked on top of one another.

Which of the following characterize Japanese art?

asymmetry and natural materials

Cylinder seals were significant because they

attested to the authenticity of documents.

This relief sculpture on the Arch of Titus depicts the

capture of Jerusalem.

Erected in Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar II, the Ishtar Gate is notable for

colorful glazed brickwork.

The head of Constantine the Great expresses the emperor's power and presence through its

colossal size.

Caryatids are

columns in the shape of young women.

The builders of Knossos devised a timber support and mud-brick infill system to

construct walls flexible enough to withstand earthquakes.

The defining quality of a tholos tomb is its

corbel construction.

When designed in the form of a basilica, a synagogue would sometimes include a vestibule called

narthex.

The linear designs on Newgrange tomb suggest what kind of function?

neuropsychological effects on visitors to the tomb

A mastaba is a

one-story structure with slanted walls erected over a burial chamber.

Unlike Western letterforms, Chinese characters evolved from

pictures and signs representing things and concepts.

Which of the Pantheon's features dominate its ornamentation?

portico and rotunda

According to Roman architect Vitruvius, Etruscan temples are characterized by columns, gabled roofs, and

post-and-lintel construction.

The statue Aulus Metellus exemplifies the Republican style of sculpture because it is

realistic.

The Head of Senusret III portrays the ruler

realistically—as an older king.

The Code of Hammurabi broke new ground because it

regulated laws and punishments.

The pagoda of the Japanese Buddhist Horyu-ji temple serves as a

reliquary

Mural paintings at Çatalhöyük depict __________.

rituals

What was the inspiration for the design of the Buddhist Temple of Borobudur?

sacred mountain

About 450 BCE, Polykleitos of Argos wrote "The Canon," a treatise describing rules for

sculpting the human figure.

Ka is the Egyptian word for the

spirit of the deceased.

After the Akkadians conquered Mesopotamia under Sargon I, they adopted Sumerian culture, but unlike the Sumerians, they

spoke a Semitic language.

An aqueduct is a

structure with water conduits.

Tomb depictions of hippopotamus hunts were meant to

symbolize the triumph of good over evil.

The Funerary Temple of Hatshepsut shows a reversal of the scale relationships in royal tombs, as the

temple is larger than the tomb.

The Etruscans made monumental sculpture in

terracotta.

The frieze on the Pergamon Altar enclosure, which depicts the battle of the gods and the giants, refers metaphorically to

the Greeks' struggles with barbarians.

The books in the cabinet next to the image of Saint Lawrence in Galla Placidia represent what?

the books of the Gospels, representing the faith for which Lawrence died

In addition to proclaiming the wealth, prestige, and stability of Sumer's rulers, ziggurats also symbolized

the bridge between the earth and the heavens.

A megaron is

the great room of a Mycenean citadel.

While theories abound, earthenware haniwa figures of sixth-century Japan are thought to have served as links between

the living and the dead.

During the reign of Akhenaten, one of the few traditional artistic conventions that was maintained was

the pharaoh holds the flail and shepherd's crook.

Why was the painting Hungry Tigress Jataka created using lacquer?

to create a shiny and glossy surface

In art, the term conventions refers to ________ ways of representing forms.

traditional

A Doric frieze is composed of alternating

triglyphs and metopes.

What design principle did Heraklitos use for The Unswept Floor?

trompe l'oeil

A catacomb is a(n)

underground cemetery.

A hypostyle hall consists of a(n)

vast column-filled space.

Statues dedicated to gods are called

votive figures.

The individual blocks of an arch are called

voussoirs.

Ceramics may be defined as

wares of baked clay.

The term cuneiform derives from the

wedge shapes of its characters.

Under Hammurabi, Semitic-speaking people from the Arabian Desert reunited Sumer and established a new capital city called

Babylon.

The period that follows the introduction of metalworking is called the

Bronze Age.

What effect did ceramists from the Tang dynasty create using a three-color-glaze technique?

a feeling of spontaneity

When Hatshepsut ruled Egypt, she was portrayed in art as

a male king.

Which of the following sculptures exhibits the conventions of contrapposto?

"Kritios" Boy

The Romans created the __________ order.

Composite

The royal compound at Persepolis was sacked by

Alexander the Great.

To whom were the buildings on the Akropolis in Athens dedicated?

Athena, goddess of wisdom

What distinguishes architecture from shelter?

Architecture exhibits aesthetic intention.

The artists of "mummy portraits" provided a link between

Egyptian art and Roman portraiture.

The burial chamber of the Tomb of the Reliefs was carved to resemble a(n)

Etruscan house.

What cultural traditions strongly influenced the Gandhara school's portrayals of the Buddha?

Greco-Roman

Though the Hellenistic region was divided into three separate kingdoms, what unified them?

Greek culture and art

What was significant about the rule of the king, Senusret III?

He led four expeditions into Nubia, overhauled the domestic administration, and regained control over the country's nobles.

The Market Woman is representative of the popular tastes of which period?

Hellenistic

Vishnu, Brahma, and Shiva are all examples of

Hindu deities.

Why is The Nanchan Temple considered to be such an important structure?

It is the first surviving example of Chinese woodframe architecture.

In Christian art, the Good Shepherd is an allegorical motif representing

Jesus as the protector of his flock.

The human features of the sphinx at Giza are thought to portray the ruler

Khafre.

How are men and women depicted differently in Egyptian tomb paintings, such as the Funerary Stele of Amenemhat?

Men are painted in red-brown tones, while women appear in lighter yellow ocher.

Stonehenge dates to what period?

Neolithic

The Ishtar Gate was associated with an architectural feature of Babylon known as the

Processional Way.

The continuous narrative on the walls of the synagogue at Dura Europos draws on what earlier representational traditions?

Roman epic historical representation with Near Eastern pictorial devices

Why do art historians currently reject "sympathetic magic" as an interpretation of the animals painted on the cave walls at Altamira?

The animals depicted were not the ones hunted for food.

What purpose did bronze vessels from the Shang dynasty serve?

They were containers for ritual food offerings.

Prior to its discovery in 1922, this ruler's tomb had been undisturbed and was largely intact.

Tutankhamun

The presence of sea creatures on the Octopus Flask reflects

a celebration of Cretan maritime power.

Greco-Roman "mummy portraits," such as the Mummy Wrapping of a Young Boy, reflect a

blending of Roman and Egyptian burial traditions.

Sarcophagi contain

bodily remains.

Recent excavations at Stonehenge suggest that it might have been an important site for

burial ceremonies.

The Dying Gallic Trumpeter departs from Classical tradition in its

dignified portrayal of a barbarian.

Assurnasirpal II Killing Lions represents a shift from earlier Mesopotamian works by

drawing the viewer into the scene.

The façade of the Colosseum incorporates

engaged columns in different architectural orders.

The Vedic period is best characterized by its

epic literature.

Hellenistic art is best characterized by its

expressionism.

What was effect of adding gigantic brick-and-concrete groin and barrel vaults to the structure of the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine?

generous windows

Tetrarchic portraiture of the Late Empire differs from earlier Roman portraiture in its

geometricized abstraction.

Lamassus are guardian figures that are

half man, half winged lion.

The largest mammoth-bone house from Ukraine contained several _________, suggesting the importance of this feature in the winter months.

hearths

The term encaustic refers to

hot, colored wax used in painting.

The figure in Bird-Headed Man with Bison is probably a

hunter.

The cast bronze figure of a Warrior found in the sea off Riace, Italy, incorporates a balance between

idealized anatomy and details observed from nature.

A new multicultural style of art arose in Persepolis under Darius because he

imported workers from across his empire.

The Anavysos Kouros exemplifies the Archaic style of sculpture because it

is frontally posed with a fixed expression.

The imperial complex at Persepolis demonstrates Assyrian influence because it

is set on a raised platform.

A life-size, freestanding statue of a young woman from the Archaic period is known as a

kore

Cycladic figure sculpture illustrates an early Greek interest in symmetry and proportion by being

laid out with a compass.

The Basilica Ulpia served as a

law court.

Etruscan tomb paintings, such as those found in the Tomb of the Triclinium, have what type of theme?

lighthearted

Characteristics that distinguish bodhisattvas from the Buddha in art are

long hair, lavish garments, and rich jewelry.

Ancient Greek sculpture was painted in order to

make figures more lifelike.