Art History Test 2

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Le Corbusier, Villa Fallet, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, 1906

- art nouveau/arts and crafts -fur trees/pine forests on the walls (exterior details) -cropped off gable -interior: stairs have the whiplash curve

Cass Gilbert, Woolworth Building, NY, 1913

-20 story base with 35 story high tower -aesthetically pleasing skyscraper -gothic style (typical for a skyscraper) -modeled after the houses of parliament in London

Oskar Schlemmer, Triadic Ballet

-Bauhaus was not only about art and architecture, but also about dance -dance was about shapes and the geometry of movement

Bruno Taut, Glass Pavilion, Werkbund Exposition, Cologne [1914]

-first german expressionist building -expressed utopian ideas of the new germany -pine-cone head was blue glass -walls were glass brick -"glass is the key to a new start" --> glass starts a Utopian idea symbolic of clarity and truth

Le Corbusier, Villa Schwob, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. 1917

-Perret's garage in France -big square in the center -reinforced concrete/tripartite division -planar/abstract -atomic cubes/cylinders -wright influence=golden brick -interior: double height=Palais Stoclet inspired (J. Hoffmann)

Corbusier, Villa Cook, Boulogne-sur-Seine, France, 1926

-a lot like citrohan -interior: double-height space, essentially a mini version of villa la roche -small house living

Norman Bel Geddes, design for motor car #8, 1932

-aerodynamic contouring -egg shaped

Corb's Purism phase

-becomes a painter, changes name -becomes a new person -assumes identity as a "typical man"

Walter Gropius, Project for a 10 floor Apartment, Werkbund Exposition, Paris, 1929

-classic International style (white, ribbon windows) -idea that apartment houses would be in lines that run north-south -low density like Corb -tiny apartments

Shreve, Lamb & Harmon, Empire State Building, NYC, 1931

-clean, stripped down look -mast at the top: idea that the goodyear blimp would land and mount on the mast -set back building -about 400 feet taller than chrysler building

Taut, Onkel Tom Development, Berlin, 1926-31

-colorful buildings, backyards, gardens -affordable housing with street parking

Chicago Tribune Competition [1922] designs by Loos, Taut, Gropius, etc.

-competition for a skyscraper for the 75th anniversary -37 german architects entered the competition -Loos: huge skyscraper -Taut: skyscraper was a cathedral of glass -Gropius: modernistic, Chicago windows -WINNER was a Beaux Arts trained conservative who designed a french gothic skyscraper

Mies, design for glass skyscrapers [1919]

-completely utopian -skyscrapers were not popular yet -these drawings of buildings were very influential

Weissenhof Siedlung, Stuttgart, Germany, 1927 - houses by Corbusier, Oud, Mies (this introduces the International Style of the New Building to the world)

-complex of houses by Corb, Oud, Mies -code for buildings: white flat roof, pre-fab parts, makes all the houses look similar -"INTERNATIONAL STYLE" coined by the MOMA in 1938 exhibit -nazi's hate this style, Hitler hates flat roof -apartment by Mies: steel caged construction Oud: row houses, each house had its own garden space

Mies, project for Concrete Office Building [1922]

-concrete and glass -advanced ideas and shape

Mies, Barcelona Pavilion, Barcelona, (with Barcelona Chair), 1929

-considered an icon of modernism -small, one story house -set up on a white travertine base -mies looked at a Greek temple -green marble wall, believed in the beauty of the materials -pool of water -simple partition walls, like a de Stijl house -piloti: not reinforced concrete, but chrome piloti -milk glass (can see out but not in), scarlett read curtain, black carpet, Barcelona Chair

Peabody & Stearns, Custom House Tower, Boston, 1915

-decided to build up the skyscraper even higher -built a tower on a base

Eliel Saarinen, Chicago Tribune Tower Entry, 1922

-didn't win but was an important building for future skyscrapers

Hugh Ferriss, Metropolis of Tomorrow, 1929

-envisioning NYC as a city for transportation -Beaux Arts with axis -"low density"

Associated Architects, Rockefeller Center, 1931-39

-gave an identity to 5th ave -rockefeller was sus about the international style -wanted "soft modernism" -did not want all the ornament of the chrysler building -soft setbacks

Raymond Hood, Chicago Tribune Tower, 1922

-gothic architecture -winner of the competition

Le Corbusier, Villa La Roche - Jeanneret, Paris, 1922-25

-house for a wealthy collector -able to see his 5 points of architecture -reinforced concrete with white stucco -colors: chocolate browns, powdery blues -interior: ocean liner ramp instead of stairs, use of light; carves and shapes his buildings, "picturesque journey"

Corbusier, Villa Stein, Garches, 1927

-house for brother of gertrude stein -shows a car in all the images, modern living=Le Corbusier's houses/lifestyle -industrial glazing: pre-fabricated/standardized parts -interior: colored pilots, picturesque journey, poche: pocketed space inside the house -all reinforced concrete -piloti are holding up the walls, no load-bearing walls

Gropius, Siemensstadt Housing, Berlin, 1929-31

-house for people working for Siemens company -affordable homes -international style

William Van Alen, Chrysler Building, NYC, 1930

-idea of product identification -wants consumer to recognize a logo, this was the Chrysler (car) building -ornamentation of hub caps and antenna -steel-caged with brick and gray ornament -interior: art deco elevator (chunky ornament)

W.D. Teague, Texaco Station, c.1936

-identification = star -way of consumer recognition

Mies van der Rohe, Perls House, Berlin, 1911

-inspired by Schinkel

Gropius, Bauhaus Building, Dessau, Germany [1925-26]

-location of the bauhaus moved -new bauhaus embraced the machine aesthetic -modernist planning -very against Beaux-Arts -not axial/symmetrical -entrance is not intuitive because you don't know the functions of buildings -abstract, no ornamentation -FIRST WALL OF GLASS with reinforced concrete skeleton holding up the non load-bearing walls -bridge=ribbon windows with strips

Walter Gropius, BAUHAUS, 1919

-means "house of building" -dismantled by Hitler in 1931 -school of art and design: arts and crafts and german expressionism school -medieval workshop: young team of architects came together and build a Utopian cathedral -"building as an entry" - against academics/Beaux-Arts, learn by doing NOT studying -everyone who attended Bauhaus was returned to a kindergarten state, start back at basics

Howe & Lescaze, PSFS Building, Philadelphia, 1932 (Philadelphia Savings Fund Society Building)

-only International Style skyscraper in the USA -Howe was a Beaux-Arts trained architect -Lescaze was a European modernist -wanted something modern but not too much -lettering on top was russian -cantilevered piece was banking offices -pushed out elevators -non-traditional organization -ribbon windows -interior: stainless steel and marble finishes

Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye, Poissy, 1929-31

-paradigm of modernism, classicism -compared to the parthenon -has his 5 points of architecture visible -could drive car under the second floor of house (piloti holding up) -different staircases for servants and guests (servants:helix staircase, guests:ocean-liner ramp) -use of light; molds the interior -"health house": hygenic, modern, clean -great comfort chairs: famous design by him

Anni Albers, wall hangings and textiles [1924]

-primeval style -tribal

1939 World's Fair, "Futurama," General Motors Pavilion

-promotes consumption of cars and highways -highways, low density Finnish Pavilion by Albert Alto: introduces kidney shaped pool

Corbusier's plan for City for Three Million, 1922

-proposed plan to tear down Paris -aircraft landing pad at the center of the city -low density city; 120 people to an acre -housing is separated by greenery

Herbert Jacobs (Usonian House) Madison, WI, 1937

-ranch style home -had a car port -activities were in backyard

Brinkman & van der Vlugt, Van Nelle Tobacco Factory, Rotterdam, 1927-28

-separated parts of the building by function -office space -regularity as opposed to symmetry

Bruno Taut, Britz "Horseshoe" Housing, Berlin, 1926-28

-shaped like a horseshoe -commercial space on ground floor -green communal space in the middle of the horseshoe

Gropius & Meyer, Sommerfeld House, Berlin [1920]

-sommerfield wanted a long cabin; modernist -built from the lumber of his company -frank lloyd wright's winslow house inspired -stained glass=german expressionist -had an elevator

H. Hohauser, Century Hotel, Miami, 1939

-streamline -streamline lettering -absolut Miami

D.H. Burnham, Flat-Iron Building, 1901

-tripartite division; like a Roman column -the column was a natural thing for a skyscraper to be modeled after -building was 20 stories total

Sloane & Robertson, Chanin Building, NYC, 1928

-very art deco -exuberant style

Mies, Tugendhat House, Brno, Czech Republic, 1928-30

-very different than Corb's -streel level floor=bedrooms, bathrooms -living space is downstairs -milk glass wall -open concept plan -complete glass wall to outside--able to lower it into the ground to have a complete open concept -wall of wood was "bird's eye maple" a type of diseased wood that creates a design

M. Brandt, teapots [1924]

-very modern even for today -famous metal worker -teapot=geometric half sphere

Villa Jaquemet, La Chaux-de-Fonds, 1908

-vienna influence (Loos) -modernist

phases of BAUHAUS

1919=tribal, primitive 1923=machine aesthetic

1916 Zoning Code

once a building reaches a certain height that is 25% of its total surface area, it has to be set back depending on the width of the street -setbacks become like a wedding cake -fear that cities would get too dark with all of the tall buildings going up

Mies van der Rohe, Liebknecht-Luxemburg Monument, Berlin [1926]

Monument dedicated to the senseless murder of the young couple

Broadacre City, 1932

town has divided sectors with everything necessary in a modern self sustaining society


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