Art History Test 2
Le Corbusier, Villa Fallet, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, 1906
- art nouveau/arts and crafts -fur trees/pine forests on the walls (exterior details) -cropped off gable -interior: stairs have the whiplash curve
Cass Gilbert, Woolworth Building, NY, 1913
-20 story base with 35 story high tower -aesthetically pleasing skyscraper -gothic style (typical for a skyscraper) -modeled after the houses of parliament in London
Oskar Schlemmer, Triadic Ballet
-Bauhaus was not only about art and architecture, but also about dance -dance was about shapes and the geometry of movement
Bruno Taut, Glass Pavilion, Werkbund Exposition, Cologne [1914]
-first german expressionist building -expressed utopian ideas of the new germany -pine-cone head was blue glass -walls were glass brick -"glass is the key to a new start" --> glass starts a Utopian idea symbolic of clarity and truth
Le Corbusier, Villa Schwob, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. 1917
-Perret's garage in France -big square in the center -reinforced concrete/tripartite division -planar/abstract -atomic cubes/cylinders -wright influence=golden brick -interior: double height=Palais Stoclet inspired (J. Hoffmann)
Corbusier, Villa Cook, Boulogne-sur-Seine, France, 1926
-a lot like citrohan -interior: double-height space, essentially a mini version of villa la roche -small house living
Norman Bel Geddes, design for motor car #8, 1932
-aerodynamic contouring -egg shaped
Corb's Purism phase
-becomes a painter, changes name -becomes a new person -assumes identity as a "typical man"
Walter Gropius, Project for a 10 floor Apartment, Werkbund Exposition, Paris, 1929
-classic International style (white, ribbon windows) -idea that apartment houses would be in lines that run north-south -low density like Corb -tiny apartments
Shreve, Lamb & Harmon, Empire State Building, NYC, 1931
-clean, stripped down look -mast at the top: idea that the goodyear blimp would land and mount on the mast -set back building -about 400 feet taller than chrysler building
Taut, Onkel Tom Development, Berlin, 1926-31
-colorful buildings, backyards, gardens -affordable housing with street parking
Chicago Tribune Competition [1922] designs by Loos, Taut, Gropius, etc.
-competition for a skyscraper for the 75th anniversary -37 german architects entered the competition -Loos: huge skyscraper -Taut: skyscraper was a cathedral of glass -Gropius: modernistic, Chicago windows -WINNER was a Beaux Arts trained conservative who designed a french gothic skyscraper
Mies, design for glass skyscrapers [1919]
-completely utopian -skyscrapers were not popular yet -these drawings of buildings were very influential
Weissenhof Siedlung, Stuttgart, Germany, 1927 - houses by Corbusier, Oud, Mies (this introduces the International Style of the New Building to the world)
-complex of houses by Corb, Oud, Mies -code for buildings: white flat roof, pre-fab parts, makes all the houses look similar -"INTERNATIONAL STYLE" coined by the MOMA in 1938 exhibit -nazi's hate this style, Hitler hates flat roof -apartment by Mies: steel caged construction Oud: row houses, each house had its own garden space
Mies, project for Concrete Office Building [1922]
-concrete and glass -advanced ideas and shape
Mies, Barcelona Pavilion, Barcelona, (with Barcelona Chair), 1929
-considered an icon of modernism -small, one story house -set up on a white travertine base -mies looked at a Greek temple -green marble wall, believed in the beauty of the materials -pool of water -simple partition walls, like a de Stijl house -piloti: not reinforced concrete, but chrome piloti -milk glass (can see out but not in), scarlett read curtain, black carpet, Barcelona Chair
Peabody & Stearns, Custom House Tower, Boston, 1915
-decided to build up the skyscraper even higher -built a tower on a base
Eliel Saarinen, Chicago Tribune Tower Entry, 1922
-didn't win but was an important building for future skyscrapers
Hugh Ferriss, Metropolis of Tomorrow, 1929
-envisioning NYC as a city for transportation -Beaux Arts with axis -"low density"
Associated Architects, Rockefeller Center, 1931-39
-gave an identity to 5th ave -rockefeller was sus about the international style -wanted "soft modernism" -did not want all the ornament of the chrysler building -soft setbacks
Raymond Hood, Chicago Tribune Tower, 1922
-gothic architecture -winner of the competition
Le Corbusier, Villa La Roche - Jeanneret, Paris, 1922-25
-house for a wealthy collector -able to see his 5 points of architecture -reinforced concrete with white stucco -colors: chocolate browns, powdery blues -interior: ocean liner ramp instead of stairs, use of light; carves and shapes his buildings, "picturesque journey"
Corbusier, Villa Stein, Garches, 1927
-house for brother of gertrude stein -shows a car in all the images, modern living=Le Corbusier's houses/lifestyle -industrial glazing: pre-fabricated/standardized parts -interior: colored pilots, picturesque journey, poche: pocketed space inside the house -all reinforced concrete -piloti are holding up the walls, no load-bearing walls
Gropius, Siemensstadt Housing, Berlin, 1929-31
-house for people working for Siemens company -affordable homes -international style
William Van Alen, Chrysler Building, NYC, 1930
-idea of product identification -wants consumer to recognize a logo, this was the Chrysler (car) building -ornamentation of hub caps and antenna -steel-caged with brick and gray ornament -interior: art deco elevator (chunky ornament)
W.D. Teague, Texaco Station, c.1936
-identification = star -way of consumer recognition
Mies van der Rohe, Perls House, Berlin, 1911
-inspired by Schinkel
Gropius, Bauhaus Building, Dessau, Germany [1925-26]
-location of the bauhaus moved -new bauhaus embraced the machine aesthetic -modernist planning -very against Beaux-Arts -not axial/symmetrical -entrance is not intuitive because you don't know the functions of buildings -abstract, no ornamentation -FIRST WALL OF GLASS with reinforced concrete skeleton holding up the non load-bearing walls -bridge=ribbon windows with strips
Walter Gropius, BAUHAUS, 1919
-means "house of building" -dismantled by Hitler in 1931 -school of art and design: arts and crafts and german expressionism school -medieval workshop: young team of architects came together and build a Utopian cathedral -"building as an entry" - against academics/Beaux-Arts, learn by doing NOT studying -everyone who attended Bauhaus was returned to a kindergarten state, start back at basics
Howe & Lescaze, PSFS Building, Philadelphia, 1932 (Philadelphia Savings Fund Society Building)
-only International Style skyscraper in the USA -Howe was a Beaux-Arts trained architect -Lescaze was a European modernist -wanted something modern but not too much -lettering on top was russian -cantilevered piece was banking offices -pushed out elevators -non-traditional organization -ribbon windows -interior: stainless steel and marble finishes
Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye, Poissy, 1929-31
-paradigm of modernism, classicism -compared to the parthenon -has his 5 points of architecture visible -could drive car under the second floor of house (piloti holding up) -different staircases for servants and guests (servants:helix staircase, guests:ocean-liner ramp) -use of light; molds the interior -"health house": hygenic, modern, clean -great comfort chairs: famous design by him
Anni Albers, wall hangings and textiles [1924]
-primeval style -tribal
1939 World's Fair, "Futurama," General Motors Pavilion
-promotes consumption of cars and highways -highways, low density Finnish Pavilion by Albert Alto: introduces kidney shaped pool
Corbusier's plan for City for Three Million, 1922
-proposed plan to tear down Paris -aircraft landing pad at the center of the city -low density city; 120 people to an acre -housing is separated by greenery
Herbert Jacobs (Usonian House) Madison, WI, 1937
-ranch style home -had a car port -activities were in backyard
Brinkman & van der Vlugt, Van Nelle Tobacco Factory, Rotterdam, 1927-28
-separated parts of the building by function -office space -regularity as opposed to symmetry
Bruno Taut, Britz "Horseshoe" Housing, Berlin, 1926-28
-shaped like a horseshoe -commercial space on ground floor -green communal space in the middle of the horseshoe
Gropius & Meyer, Sommerfeld House, Berlin [1920]
-sommerfield wanted a long cabin; modernist -built from the lumber of his company -frank lloyd wright's winslow house inspired -stained glass=german expressionist -had an elevator
H. Hohauser, Century Hotel, Miami, 1939
-streamline -streamline lettering -absolut Miami
D.H. Burnham, Flat-Iron Building, 1901
-tripartite division; like a Roman column -the column was a natural thing for a skyscraper to be modeled after -building was 20 stories total
Sloane & Robertson, Chanin Building, NYC, 1928
-very art deco -exuberant style
Mies, Tugendhat House, Brno, Czech Republic, 1928-30
-very different than Corb's -streel level floor=bedrooms, bathrooms -living space is downstairs -milk glass wall -open concept plan -complete glass wall to outside--able to lower it into the ground to have a complete open concept -wall of wood was "bird's eye maple" a type of diseased wood that creates a design
M. Brandt, teapots [1924]
-very modern even for today -famous metal worker -teapot=geometric half sphere
Villa Jaquemet, La Chaux-de-Fonds, 1908
-vienna influence (Loos) -modernist
phases of BAUHAUS
1919=tribal, primitive 1923=machine aesthetic
1916 Zoning Code
once a building reaches a certain height that is 25% of its total surface area, it has to be set back depending on the width of the street -setbacks become like a wedding cake -fear that cities would get too dark with all of the tall buildings going up
Mies van der Rohe, Liebknecht-Luxemburg Monument, Berlin [1926]
Monument dedicated to the senseless murder of the young couple
Broadacre City, 1932
town has divided sectors with everything necessary in a modern self sustaining society