art history unit 8

3 Facts: Impression, Sunrise - Monet

- Artist did not take offense at the critics when they mocked the title of the painting. - The short and choppy Impressionist strokes are seen in the background of this image, as the front is composed of traditional lines. - Artist originally could not come up with a name for this painting.

(3 facts) The Overture to Tannhäuser: The Artist's Mother and Sister, Cézanne

- Artist was not interested in capturing the moment of his subjects like the Impressionists. - Artistic style shows all the elements of Cubism which Picasso and other modern artists developed. - Artist believed that beneath every subject was a solid and "true" shape.

(3 facts) Wheat Field with Crows, van Gogh

- Artist's early paintings are dominated by browns, tans, and blacks. - Painting shows the edge in the artist's mental state. - Artist painted over 200 hundred canvases over a span of only 15 months.

(3 facts) Women in a Garden, Monet

- Artist's wife posed for the creation of this painting. - Artist had to move home with his father after the failed reception of this painting. - Artwork was flatly rejected from the Salon show.

(3 facts) Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette, Renoir

- Image shows the Impressionist technique of letting the scene appear to continue outside of the canvas - Artist of the image believed that painting should reflect actual experience. - Artist of the image believed that painting should reflect actual experience.

(3 facts) Little Dancer of Fourteen, Degas

- Image was seen by critics as bizarre and grotesque; but others saw the image as innovative and modern. - Image of ballerina was created after the likeness of a fourteen year old. - Image was made using a layer of wax.

(3 facts) The Harbor at Lorient, Morisot

- Morisot gave this painting to Manet as a gift - artist related to Rococo artist, Fragonard - artist was a member of the Impressionist group bc of his/her freedom of style.

(3 facts) Water Lilies, Monet

- Overcompensation of certain colors is seen in this painting since the artist created it when he was older and struggling with cataracts. - Painting was displayed in an oval room in the Orangerie Museum in Paris. - The subject was more abstract than realistic, hinting at the art of the twentieth century.

(3 facts) The Basket of Apples, Cézanne

- Painting allows colors and shape to show perspective rather than the traditional lines and vanishing points. - Painting gives the impression that the artist had little experience with perspective. - Artist remained unknown until 1895 when an art dealer "discovered" his art and wanted to organize a one-man show.

(3 facts) Starry Night, van Gogh

- Painting has been a favorite of the art world for the past one hundred years. - Painting is the view from the artist's bedroom window in a mental institution. - Artist originally saw himself as a missionary.

(3 facts) A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, Seurat

- Painting is over 6½ feet high and 10 feet long. - Painting took two years to complete. - Painting uses the technique of pointillism.

(3 facts) The Yellow Christ, Gauguin

- Public criticized this painting but the younger generation loved it. - Face of the painting's subject is actually a depiction of the artist. - Artist was interested in whether or not the color and the intensity of the painting would communicate the emotions behind what was seen.

(3 facts) Ambassadeurs-Aristide Bruant, Lautrec

- The artist's incorporation of technique and presentation made this piece a respectable form of art. - Artist spent many hours in the Bohemian, artsy district of Monmartre. - The artist took to painting when facing health issues as a teenager.

(3 facts) Olympia, Manet

- The direct and intense look in this painting gives it a modern feel. - controversial - inspired by one of Titian's paintings, Venus of Urbino.

(3 Facts) A Bar at the Folies-Bergère, Manet

- This painting was the final masterpiece of the artist who created it. - Allusions to Venus are included in this painting. - The short and choppy impressionist strokes are seen in the background of this image, as the front is composed of traditional lines.

(3 facts) The Child's Bath, Cassatt

- artist attended art school in PA - Japanese print influence - careful placement of lines in this painting generated a certain effect from the viewers.

(3 facts) The Harvest of Hay in Eragny, Pissarro

- artist believed outdoor paintings should be en plein air (start to finish) - artist believed the right value and color will make the outline of the subject rather than the sharp contour lines of other artists - artist captured people in paintings the way they truly live

(3 facts) The Cradle, Morisot

- artist found success at early age - intimacy of painting shows a very personal knowledge of the situation - artist's brushstrokes appear lighter and more vigorous, almost like they fly across the painting

(3 facts) Landscape at Pontoise, Pissarro

- artist studied under various artists who all revered the traditional style of painting - artist was known to finish a painting in one sitting - artist was criticized for painting too natural, even going as far as painting trash found on the side of the road

The Impressionists embraced the idea that the color of an object changes its makeup according to whatever affects it: _________, ______, or _________.

- light - reflection - weather

Which two groups formed out of the breakup of the original Impressionist group?

- scientific approach - emotional approach

Describe the style of the Impressionists.

- short and choppy brushstrokes - embrace light the way it affected the subject - ability to capture the moment

(3 facts) Glass of Absinthe, Degas

- shows a balance of Impressionist technique as well as those of traditional artists - shows the impression of a moment that is not posed or contrived. - contour lines in the image are clear and help train the eye to follow them to certain subjects in the painting.

(3 facts) Musicians in the Orchestra, Degas

- shows a unique point of view to contrast beauty with the reality of the scene. - Artist of the image spearheaded the first independent art exhibit in 1874. - Image has a sense of depth due to placement and sizing.

(3 facts) Diana the Huntress, Renoir

- shows crisper lines and a more classical pose of traditional art - created by an artist who developed severe arthritis and could only continue to paint by strapping a brush to his wrist - Artist of this image had just decided to move on from Impression art to a more structured and organized style

How did the name "Impressionist" come about?

A critic made fun of Monet painting Impression, Sunrise by calling it just an impression; Monet and his friends embraced the name.

How did the Impressionist movement begin?

A group of students who took classes together and painted outdoors rejected traditional studio art.

The only American among the French Impressionists was _________

Cassatt

______ left Paris due to criticism and found solace back in his home town of Aix.

Cezanne

Year after Year, Monet's paintings were being rejected from the Salon, so he worked alongside _____________, another Impressionist painter, to make a show for themselves, the same show that _____________ refused to join.

Degas Manet

Cassatt's friendship with _________ was critical and sharp, yet full of admiration, while her relationship with _________ gave her true comfort

Degas Pissaro

Another characteristic that is distinct to ________ from the other Impressionists is how he used lines and ________ in his paintings.

Degas depth

What was Renoir's common tone in his paintings?

He celebrated life and his paintings reflected that joy.

Why is Manet difficult to categorize?

He combined the traditional techniques using modern subjects.

How were Degas' techniques different from the other Impressionists?

He did not like open air painting and included contour lines and unique perspective to his works.

What influence did Pissarro have on Cassatt's art?

He helped her feel at ease as he, just like her, was not from France.

How did the Franco-Prussian War affect Degas's paintings?

He turned to painting ballet as a way to forget the dark times of war.

What was so striking about Manet's last painting?

He was able to capture the impression made on nature in its various elements.

(Glass of Absinthe, Degas)

Impressionism

The ____________ movement started in about ____________ when four art students were in the same Parisian studio taking their courses.

Impressionist 1862

What was so groundbreaking in the art world with Degas' Little Dancer of Fourteen Years?

It inspired artists to take risks as the mediums and subject were very advanced and out of the norm for the time.

Why was Monet's haystack series so impacting?

It was during the exhibition of this series that people finally realized he was capturing the impression that is made on nature in the various elements.

Whose works were so similar to Degas' style that it is almost as if he was instructed to use Degas' paintings as a template?

Lautrec

In 1883, Manet finally got the recognition he so deserved. He was named to the ________, which is France's top award given to a civilian.

Legion of Honor

Morisot was a friend and eventual relative of _________.

Manet

While ______________ pushed away traditional subjects, he did still embrace much of the classical techniques. He revered the ______________ artists and studied their style in depth.

Manet Renaissance

Unfortunately for ______________, his Luncheon on the Grass was pointed out as the worst of the worst, and the critics found it offensive and ______________.

Manet confusing

The Impressionists looked to ______________ as a leader because of his own personal ______________ and rebellion.

Manet individualism

Who did the Impressionists make their leader, and why did they choose him?

Manet; he was independent in the art world

was known for his famous painted series of water lilies.

Monet

Restricted on who she could paint, _________ commonly portrayed domesticity.

Morisot

Who helped organize all the Impressionist shows and was the only one who had his or her work included in all eight of the shows?

Pissaro

(Wheat Field with Crows, van Gogh)

Post-Impressionism

Which movement lasted for about twenty-five years (1880 -1905)?

Post-Impressionists

Prior to the Impressionist's revolution, what was the major artistic revolution?

Renaissance

Who was fascinated with the science of color?

Seurat

Whose scientific principles offered him a chance to fine-tune them into his artwork in the new style of pointillism?

Seurat

How did Morisot overcome the restrictions of being a female artist during this time?

She started to paint mainly domestic scenes.

How did the art critics and the public react to this new style?

They found it to be sloppy and messy.

What helped even more with the intensity of color was that Impressionists, as a whole, rejected the ____________ of color. In other words, they abhorred using ____________ in their paintings.

absence black

While many people were only interested in the actual final production, Degas was also intrigued by the preparation for the __________.

ballet performance

Instead of ________, he chose to use ________ for his shadows and other objects.

black dark blue

In order to keep up with the quick and changing elements, the artists create a short, choppy ____________ that has since become quite characteristic of this movement of art.

brushstroke

Right before this time, photography was a major milestone in the art and __________ world.

culture

How has Pissarro been described by several members of the Impressionists?

fatherly figure

Back in the 1800s, Renoir would actually paint pleasing designs on ________.

fine china

What type of painting influenced Cassatt with her own painting style?

flat images with bright colors and overall design of the Japanese print

What parts of Japanese art influenced Cassatt's paintings?

flat images, bright colors, and overall organization

What were Renoir's common subjects found in his paintings?

flowers; beautiful women; children; people having fun

Calming landscapes paired with traditional composition made Pissarro popular among the ___.

formal salon

Cézanne wanted to reproduce what he saw in its absolute true form through the use of ______.

geometry

One of the critics basically mocked the title of Monet's painting and made degrading remarks about how the paintings in this style were just that, merely _____________ and not _____________.

impressions paintings

One of the biggest challenges Monet faced was to stop painting what he "_____________" to be true and focus on what really "_____________"

knew is

What was Morisot's specialty subject in her paintings which led her to her first Salon showing?

landscapes

What was Pissarro's main subject for his paintings?

landscapes

Though she did paint her father and brothers, Cassatt felt her true niche in painting _________.

mothers and children

What was Gauguin's favorite subject matter?

native Peruvian forms and culture

The artists of this time were truly trying to capture that moment: that "impression" that was left on them while _______ their subject.

observing

While many artists took on subjects that depicted __________, Renoir took on __________ that is found in people in their most natural and happy state.

pain joy

Because of the _________ and the ___________ that Degas portrays, there is a sense of depth that sets his paintings apart.

placement sizing

Monet painted haystacks in different _____________ and at different _____________ of the day. In total, he painted twenty-five of them.

seasons times

Latter artists were inspired to paint beyond the canvas due to Lautrec's ______ in poster painting.

simplicity and boldness

Unlike Cézanne, Gauguin focused on capturing ______.

the true emotion of the subject

Seen as a wise hero by younger artists for his take on his subjects, Cézanne ______.

was not one to act as a mentor to the new generation

Gauguin often referred to this concept as trying to paint _____, which he saw as much more powerful than painting only what the surface of the subject appears.

what your dreams look like

What experience affected van Gogh's early subject matter and color choice?

years he spent with the coal miners