Art of Leadership Final Study Guide

Even in purely economic terms, in 2010 the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners estimated that businesses around the world lose Blank______ every year to fraudulent activity.

$2.9 billion

Arrange the steps of the systematic process used in large organizations for collecting potential and readiness information about followers in the order that they are followed.

1. Leaders provide low-, moderate-, or high-performance and potential ratings for each of their direct reports 2. The ratings provided by leaders for their followers are used to indicate where to followers currently stand in the 9-box matrix 3. Calibration meetings are held to standardize ratings across leaders with similar groups of followers

How many people should participate in a brainstorming group?

5-7

Identify the true statements about the process used in large organizations for collecting potential and readiness information about followers. (Check all that apply.)

9-box matrices are used to evaluate the performance and potential of followers. The performance and potential of followers are usually evaluated once per year.

In an organizational context, which of the following is the final step of problem solving?

Assessing the impact of the implemented solution

Which type of measures are many companies today using in the promotion process for leaders?

Both cognitive and non-cognitive measures

Which type of feedback is most helpful for a subordinate?

Both positive and negative

'I enjoy putting together detailed plans' is a behavior associated with which of the factors in the OCEAN model of personality?

Conscientiousness

The results of replacement tables used for filling a firm's key leadership positions are reviewed by senior leaders on a monthly basis.

False

The first researcher to formally recognize the importance of the leader, follower, and situation in the leadership process was

Fred Fiedler

In which part of the GAPS analysis do individuals identify where they want their career to go over the next year?

Goals

Which of the following is not likely to promote the achievement of goals?

Having a reputation of being inept or curt

An organization with which type of culture tends to have formalized rules and procedures, and is a highly structured place to work?

Hierarchy culture

Assertive people are clear in their own minds and with others about what they believe and what they want. One of the easiest ways to do this is to use the pronoun "_____" when you speak.

I

Which type of goal is most likely to lead to higher levels of effort and performance?

I will maintain a B average next year.

Perhaps the most important yet most neglected component of the action- observation-reflection model is reflection. Why is reflection important?

It can provide leaders with a variety of insights into how to frame problems differently.

Why do organizations like electronic performance monitoring?

It provides more control and helps take time-wasting behavior out of the workplace.

When we overestimate the quality of our own work and contributions to our team, we are showing which type of bias?

Overclaiming credit

What are the drawbacks of electronic performance monitoring in an organizational context? (Check all that apply.)

People do not like the intrusive nature of electronic performance monitoring and being pushed to the limit at work. It runs counter to the concepts of employee autonomy, empowerment, engagement, and creativity.

Individuals who are relatively selfish, impulsive, uninhibited, and lacking in self-control have a high need for which type of power?

Personalized power

Which of the following involves understanding how a team or organization defines success, comprehending the context in which followers operate, determining what followers need to deliver and behave for the team to succeed, and then setting clear expectations for follower performance?

Planning

Which of the following occurs when leaders insist that followers put in long hours at the office?

Presenteeism

Which of the following statements regarding development plans is true?

Progress should be regularly reviewed with bosses to determine whether they need modification.

Which of the following do leaders need to do in the planning phase of the performance management cycle? (Check all that apply.)

Set clear, measurable, and agreed-upon goals for the what and how of follower performance. Make very explicit links between follower performance and team or organizational outcomes.

Of the following, which is the best time to give feedback?

Soon after the behavior occurs.

Identify the true statements about people who are identified as high-performance/high-potential types. (Check all that apply.)

They often get to participate in customized leadership training programs. They are sent back to school to obtain MBAs or other advanced degrees.

Which of the following is not true of followers who have good relationships with their superiors?

They receive lower performance ratings.

Ready-now followers Ready-12 months followers Ready-36 months followers

Those who need no additional training or experience to move into designated leader roles Those who need another year of training and experience before they are ready to advance to the next level Those who need three more years of seasoning and training before being promoted

Although most people purport to judge others by their merits, research shows that implicit prejudice often distorts their judgments.

True

Jayden is a candidate for a managerial position in a tech firm. Identify the questions he should most likely seek answers to during the interview process. (Check all that apply.)

What is currently not working in the function or team to be led? What can make the function or team to be led more effective? Why is the firm looking for an outside hire for the position?

When is it especially important for leaders to ask questions in order to learn from others?

When they are new to a group or activity and have responsibility for it.

The findings by Eden and Shani that individuals placed in a high potential group were perceived to have higher potential than those placed in an unknown or regular potential group even though potential was never actually assessed reflects

a self-fulfilling prophecy.

The three processes that enhance leadership development are __________.

action, reflection, observation

General problem-solving ability refers to ___________ intelligence.

analytic

A popular technique for stimulating creative thinking in groups is called _________.

brainstorming

The ability to engender trust in others refers to

credibility

The norms, cohesiveness, size, and stage of development of groups are part of the _____ function in the L-F-S model, but are part of the _____ function in path-goal theory.

follower, situation

According to the Leadership Grid, the most effective leaders have a _____ concern for people and a ____ concern for production.

high, high

When using replacement tables for filling key leadership positions, companies first _____.

identify those leadership roles most critical to strategy execution

To delegate a task effectively in an organizational setting, leaders should _____.

indicate what is to be accomplished

To delegate a task effectively in an organizational setting, leaders should refrain from _____.

indicating how the task is to be accomplished

On the first day on the job, new hires should expect to ______.

meet the boss and the team

In the context of evaluating followers' performance, most organizations consider themselves _____, where those who get the best results are given the best rewards.

meritocracies

_______ refer to internal states of tension or arousal, or uncomfortable states of deficiency people are motivated to change.

needs

The best way to select a solution is ____________

on the basis of established criteria.

In a learning environment

personal development is an ongoing process.

In the context of tackling the leadership talent shortfall in an organization, a follower's capacity to advance one or more levels within his or her organization is known as leadership ______________.

potential

To make a meeting more effective, it is advisable for a leader to _____.

provide other participants with pertinent reports or support material much before the meeting

In the context of an organization, an evaluation of a follower's immediate promotability is known as _____.

readiness

The tradition of males holding hands with each other in Thailand reflects _______ culture.

societal

The process by which we perceive and respond to situations that challenge or threaten us refers to

stress

All of the following are true of identifying what causes stress except

the causes of stress are always obvious.

The essence of active listening is:

to see all communication as a two-way process.

Clarifying and communicating your values and building relationships with others comprise the process of building

trust

When deciding to whom to delegate a task, the leader should

try to optimize the growth of all subordinates over a series of assignments

Which type of leader is most likely to get complete and timely information from subordinates?

A leader with a calm disposition who doesn't attack others for bringing bad news.

Which of the following leader problems takes place when leaders are so busy traveling, attending meetings, or being otherwise preoccupied that they hardly have any time for their followers and teams?

Absenteeism Leadership

Paraphrasing the sender's message is part of which way to improve active listening skills?

Actively interpret the sender's message.

Which of the following is not true regarding personal values and organizational values?

An individual leader's personal values are unlikely to play a significant role in an determining team values.

According to the text, organizing a campaign to stop the construction of a Walmart store is an example of _________ ____________.

Community Leadership

The knowledge component The behavioral component The evaluative component

Concerns knowing when, where, and what feedback is to be given Concerns how feedback actually is delivered Concerns examining whether recipients actually modify their behavior accordingly after receiving it

When team or organization effectiveness measures are affected by factors unrelated to follower performance, _______ _______ occurs.

Criterion Contamination

Shaun's new boss is an outgoing individual who likes to hold frequent face-to-face meetings, but in the past, Shaun has always communicated with his superior via detailed memos. Shaun should

Embrace the new boss's preference for face-to-face meetings.

Which of the following is not a benefit of having a credible leader?

Employees are more likely to leave the company over the next two years.

_____________refers to delegating leadership and decision making to the lowest level possible and ensuring that followers have the resources, skills, and knowledge to make good decisions.

Empowerment

_________ power is the power of knowledge.

Expert

Avolio and his associates have defined ethical leadership as having eight core components.

False

Because of their vast knowledge of the field, leadership scholars are always good leaders.

False

Competency models are typically the same across organizations, especially those within a particular industry.

False

If you trust your memory, it is usually not necessary to take minutes at meetings as long as you summarize the meeting shortly after it is finished,

False

Leaders should assume they have invited feedback merely by saying they have an open-door policy.

False

Leaders should be ready to throw their meeting agendas out if a good creative discussion emerges.

False

Most researchers in the field of leadership are in agreement on the basic definition of leadership.

False

Teams with low power have considerable decision-making authority and the equipment, time, facilities, and funds necessary to accomplish their goals.

False

Which of the following is not part of the systems view of communication?

Identification

What is the best way to tackle the leadership talent shortfall in an organization?

Identifying and developing followers who have the most potential to be effective leaders

Which of the five steps of informal coaching is important to attracting and retaining followers to the work group?

Shaping the environment

Which types of goals result in higher effort and performance as compared to 'do your best' goals?

Specific and difficult

Which of the following is not a leadership behavior that is likely to encourage followers to work harder to achieve group goals?

Stifling strong work ethic

_____ is the process most organizations use to make leadership potential and readiness decisions about followers.

Succession planning

_____ is used to explain the interesting relationships between leader intelligence and experience levels, and group performance in stressful versus nonstressful conditions.

The cognitive resources theory

Which of the following are guidelines one should follow as part of the first step in solving a problem in organizational settings? (Check all that apply.)

The statement of the problem should not imply any particular solution to be the correct one. Scapegoating or blaming individuals or groups for the problem should be avoided.

Which of the following were the findings of a classic study of sex roles by Schein?

There is a high correlation between the ways both male and female respondents perceived "males" and "managers." There is no correlation between the ways the respondents perceived "females" and "managers."

Which of the following is not true of assertive individuals?

They act in an angry and loud manner.

Which of the following is true of college professors who are considered leaders?

They are both born and made.

Why do organizations often use the results of 9-box matrices and replacement tables to identify people to send to high-potential programs? (Check all that apply.)

To fill the Ready-now gap for critical leadership positions To accelerate their ability to take over greater leadership responsibilities

Identify the true statements about succession planning in small companies.

Top managers go with their gut and rarely use data to make the promotion decisions. Succession planning is usually episodic and informal

At work or school we can choose to perform a wide variety of behaviors, but performance would include only those behaviors related to the production of goods or services or obtaining good grades.

True

Compared to when either feedback or goals are used alone, performance is higher when goals are accompanied with feedback.

True

Effective leaders know how the influence tactics they use affect others.

True

It is essential to consider both context and followers when determining leadership effectiveness.

True

It is important for leaders to internalize a strong set of ethics.

True

Leaders who know about different motivational theories are more likely to choose the right theory for a particular follower and situation, and often have higher-performing and more satisfied and engaged employees as a result.

True

Leadership includes something happening as an outcome of the interaction between a leader and followers.

True

Level of authority concerns a leader's hierarchical level in an organization.

True

Team or organization effectiveness measures all suffer from some degree of criterion contamination.

True

The differentiation of followers in an organization is a critical aspect of evaluating their performance, and doing this well should systematically improve the quality of followers over time.

True

The score on the least preferred coworker scale reflects something about the leader, not the specific individual the leader evaluated.

True

During the first two weeks on a job, a new leader should do all of these except

establish confidantes.

A leader who enjoys the challenge of living and leading in foreign countries probably scores high on the ______ dimension of the Five Factor Model.

openness to new experiences