HY 103 Exam 3

Missouri Compromise

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.

Winfield Scott

"Old Fuss and Feathers," whose conquest of Mexico City brought U.S. victory in the Mexican War

Frederick Douglass

(1817-1895) American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. He published his biography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and founded the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star.

William Lloyd Garrison

1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society.

Wilmot Proviso

1846 proposal that outlawed slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico

Tecumseh

A Shawnee chief who, along with his brother worked to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes. The league of tribes was defeated by an American army led by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. Tecumseh was killed fighting for the British during the War of 1812 at the Battle of the Thames in 1813.

The Alamo

A Spanish mission converted into a fort, it was besieged by Mexican troops in 1836. The Texas garrison held out for thirteen days, but in the final battle, most of the Texans were killed by the larger Mexican force. All surviving white men were executed, women and black men escaped to tell the tale

David Walker

A free African American who urged blacks to take their freedom by force through Walker's Appeal

USS Constitution

A large U.S. warship sent to end attacks by Mediterranean pirates on American merchant ships

Thomas Dorr

A lawyer and activist who, with his followers in 1840, formed a group of called the "People's Party," held a convention, drafted a new constitution for the state of Rhode Island, and submitted it to popular vote. It was approved, and so the Dorites began to set up a new govt. with him as governor. The existing legislature rejected the Dorites's constitutions legitimacy. So, in 1842, two govts. were claiming to be the real power in Rhode Island. The old state govt. began to claim him and his followers as rebels and began to imprison them. The Dorrites then made an inaffectual effort to capture the state arsenal, this was known as The Dorr Rebellion. It quickly failed, but its episode helped spur the old guard to draft a new constitution for the state of Rhode Island that greatly expanded the suffrage because in the 1830s, the constitution there banned more than half of the adult white males from voting.

Cotton Gin

A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793.

Manifest Destiny

A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.

National (Cumberland) Road

A paved highway that extended more than a thousand miles from Maryland to Illinois. It was built using state and federal money over many years (1811-1852). One of the few roads crossing state boundaries.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A prominent advocate of women's rights, Stanton organized the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention with Lucretia Mott

"Gag rule"

A rule limiting or preventing debate on anything reguarding the legality of slavery

San Jacinto

A surprise attack by Texas forces on Santa Ana's camp on April 21, 1836. Santa Ana's men were surprised and overrun in twenty minutes. Santa Ana was taken prisoner and signed an armistice securing Texas independence. Mexicans - 1,500 dead, 1,000 captured. Texans - 4 dead.

Yellow Fever

AKA (The "Black Vomit") - more common in the south, with regular outbreaks in NOLA (seasoning), vomit up blood, false belief Africans were naturally immune to it

Malaria

AKA (ague) - transmitted by mosquitoes, more common in the south, fever and shakes

Tuberculosis

AKA (consumption) - transmitted in cramped, indoor conditions, more common in the northern cities, lung infection, "The Poet's Disease"

American Anti-Slavery Society

Abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, who advocated the immediate abolition of slavery. By 1838, the organization had more than 250,000 members across 1,350 chapters.

Sylvester Graham

American clergyman whose advocacy of health regimen emphasizing temperance and vegetarianism found lasting expression in graham cracker

Francis Cabot Lowell

American industrialist who developed the Lowell system, a mill system that included looms that could both weave thread and spin cloth. He hired young women to live and work in his mill.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. He was a prime example of a transcendentalist and helped further the movement.

Stephen Austin

American who settled in Texas, one of the leaders for Texan independence from Mexico

Margaret Fuller

American writer who wrote and edited material on transcendentalism including Women of the 19th Century and argued that women were just as capable on an intellectual level as men.

The Liberator

An anti-slavery newspaper written by William Lloyd Garrison. It drew attention to abolition, both positive and negative, causing a war of words between supporters of slavery and those opposed.

Isaac Brock

British general known for his brilliant defensive tactics, captured Detroit in the War of 1812 and annexed Michigan to Canada.

Sam Houston

Commander of the Texas army at the battle of San Jacinto; later elected president of the Republic of Texas

Cookstove

Common tool to cook in the early republic

James Henry Hammond

Considered one of the most famous spokes person in favor of slavery before the American Civil War

Robert Fulton

Creates the first steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807.

Fort Mims

Creeks inspired by Tippecanoe attacked this Alabama fort in 1813 in a mercilious attack. The Americans would get this fort back by the efforts of Andrew Jackson, who decimated the hated Creeks

Panic of 1819

Economic panic caused by extensive speculation and a decline of Europena demand for American goods along with mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States. Often cited as the end of the Era of Good Feelings.

Hartford Convention

Federalists meet and send out a report of the US political system but two things happen before it gets published and makes it look funny: -Treaty of Ghent ends the war of 1812 -Jackson wins the battle of New Orleans

James K. Polk

Foreign policy guy - wanted Oregon and as much of Mexico as possible

George Dickinson

Fought a duel with Jackson and lost even after he shot Jackson near the heart.

Joseph Smith

Founded Mormonism in New York in 1830 with the guidance of an angel. 1843, Smith's announcement that God sanctioned polygamy split the Mormons and let to an uprising against Mormons in 1844; translated the Book of Mormon and died a martyr.

Tippecanoe

Harrison's victory over Tecumseh (Shawnee) in Indiana in 1811 became the slogan of his presidential bid in 1840.

Nicholas Biddle

Head of the Second Banck of the US who is the creditor to the states and where the federal government stores revenue

American System

Henry Clay's Idea if you raise the tariff, you'll have the money to create roads and canals for people to go west

Erie Canal

It connects the great lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.

Henry Clay

JQA's Secretary of State

The Spoils System

Jackson pressured people in government who opposed him to resign - he wants political loyalty

John Calhoun

Jackson's VP

Nat Turner

Leader of a slave rebellion in 1831 in Virginia. Revolt led to the deaths of 20 whites and 40 blacks and led to the "gag rule' outlawing any discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives

William Wetherford (Red Eagle)

Leader of the Creeks at Horseshoe Bend

Calomel

Mercury thought to hold magical healing abilities

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Mexican president who led an army against Texas.

Specie

Money in the form of gold or silver coins

Oliver Hazard Perry

Naval officer who led the US victory over the British on Lake Erie in 1813

Maragaret "Peggy" Eaton

Peggy's first husband was a sea captain so had the freedom to see other men -Viewed by women as extremely shameful so none of the society wives would socialize with her, and their only visitor was Martin Van Buren (a widower) -Jackson is so mad that he forces the whole cabinet to resign

Lyman Beecher

Presbyterian clergyman, temperance movement leader and a leader of the Second Great Awakening of the United States.

Benjamin Rush

Researched and discoved the long term effects of alcohol on the body -Found damage in liver and circulatory system -Pushes the idea that alcohol is evil

John C. Calhoun

Secretary of war who had the idea that they should keep a regularized unit of army, Congress doesn't adopt it. He also quietly directed the Army Corp of Engineers to start surveying land, which is available to the public.

Catherine Beecher

She wrote the book "The American Woman's Home" and tries to put together the science of housekeeping

John Quincy Adams

Sixth president, winner of the 1824 election.

Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty - Jackson ignored it

Goliad

Texas outpost where American volunteers, having laid down their arms and surrendered, were massacred by Mexican forces in 1836. The incident, along with the slaughter at the Alamo, fueled American support for Texan independence.

Tenskwatawa

The Prophet; inspired a religious revival that spread through many tribes and united them; killed by Harrison at battle of Tippecanoe

Clermont

The first steamboat, created by Robert Fulton.

Internal Improvements

The program for building roads, canals, bridges, and railroads in and between the states. There was a dispute over whether the federal government should fund internal improvements, since it was not specifically given that power by the Constitution.

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.

Bible Communism

The system of complex relations withing Noyes' Oneida Community.

Panic of 1837

When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress.

John Tyler

elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery

Solomon Northup

free African-American who was offered a job as a violinist but was instead robbed of his papers and sold into slavery for 12 years until he proved he was a free man

Thomas R. Dew

one of the earliest defenders of slavery, he denied that it was unchristian, immoral, or undemocratic. In the years to follow his arguments were supplemented by almost everyone of importance in the South.