Art studybook 13

In the 1960s the link between design and manufacturing using computer technology was pioneered by which industries?

Automotive, aeronautic, and electronics

Look at this image. What type of skeleton-and-skin construction method is this?

Balloon frame

Which works did Zaha Hadid design?

Center for Contemporary Art in Cincinnati The Riverside Museum Glasgow Phaeno Science Center in Germany

What elements are associated with Romanesque style?

Groin vaults Barrel vaults

Look at this image. What does the keystone do?

Supports the downward and outward thrust of the rounded arch

R. Buckminster Fuller developed the ______ ______.

geodesic dome

By what is the weight of a suspension bridge primarily supported?

A series of steel cables

What are the two most common materials use in post-and-lintel constriction?

Stone Wood

What era of peoples first made use of fabric architecture?

Stone Age

is the name for sun dried brick used as an architectural building material.

Adobe

What is one advantage of reinforced-concrete construction?

An ability to be molded into nearly any shape or form

Which culture's hypostyle halls were relatively dark with only the very top of the load-bearing walls pierced with small windows?

Ancient Egypt

Suspension techniques are most closely associated with the construction of

Bridges

What structural feature reinforces and supports the outward thrusts of arches from the outside?

Buttresses

Look at this image. Which features of this work rely on rows of stones that extend over each other until the opening is bridged?

Corbelled domes.

What are the two main components of CAD/CAM?

Digital technology and computer-driven technology

The skeleton of the _________ __________ was the aesthetic focus because it had no decorative embellishments

Eiffel Tower

What did the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London do?

Established the success of cast-iron as a building material

Why was Zaha Hadid sometimes called a "paper architect" early on in her career?

For a long time, the buildings she designed had not been constructed, they existed only on paper.

Which architect used digital design and fabrication to create works such as the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao?

Frank Gehry

are relatively lightweight, amazingly strong, and built with prefabricated modules, all of which allows for quick and inexpensive construction.

Geodesic domes

The ______ incorporates immense dome placed on top of a massive square base.

Hagia Sophia

Which innovations made balloon-frame construction practical?

Improved milling lumber techniques Mass-produced nails

What culture is most closely associated with the use of corbelled architectural elements?

Indian

Having the structure of a building visible, rather than obscured, is characteristic of what style of architecture?

International

Which is NOT an advantage of balloon-frame construction?

It can be built to conceivably infinite heights.

What does the use of the bracket set and the stepped truss system do in Eastern architecture?

It distributes the weight of the roof evenly across a series of columns.

What does the construction of the Eiffel Tower suggest?

It is a quintessential example of skeleton architecture.

What can be inferred about modern architecture due to the advent of new technologies and materials?

It is better equipped to respond to community and environmental needs

What is the significance of the isolation of the Taj Mahal's dome?

It is ornamental.

______ allow the height of a vault to be increased dramatically without necessitating a wider base.

Pointed arches

Our sense of community is strengthened by having access to what area?

Public spaces

Look at this image. Which type of construction is shown?

Round arch

What set includes common community buildings?

Schools, courthouses, libraries, and hospitals

Which is NOT a basic architectural structural system?

Stacking

Which elements characterize International style skyscrapers?

Stark linear emphasis Simple geometric forms

As what are fabric structures also known?

Tensile structures

What is a drawback of load-bearing construction?

The inability to insert large openings, such as windows, in the walls

What made the creation of such showpieces as the Crystal Palace and the Eiffel Tower possible?

The mass production of iron and steel

To what is green architecture largely a response?

The unsustainable cost of industrialization

What is the purpose of green architecture?

To create a healthier and less wasteful human habitat

In a vaulted church, each rectangular division of space, consisting of one groin vault, is called a ______.

bayv

During the mid-19th century the experimental use of ______ as a building material allowed for breakthroughs in the development of the skeleton-and-skin structural system.

cast-iron

Look at this image. A ______ results when barrel vaults are connected at right angles.

groin vault

The age ushered in the harnessing of steam, leading to the creation of the steam engine, the internal combustion engine, and the turbine.

industrial.

Architects call the forces that act upon a building ______.

loads

A circular opening at the top of a dome is called the ______.

oculus

The architectural element that gaps the transition from a square base to a domed roof is known as a ______.

pendentive

Reinforced-concrete construction is most similar to the ______ structural system.

shell

Used in building skyscrapers, ______ construction uses a metal cage to support a decorative exterior of another material such as glass, masonry, or stone.

steel-frame