art test 3
wigwams
build by bending and tying stripped saplings into a vault interweaving them with twigs, and covering them with bark,
paul revere
by copley This portrait of Paul Revere reveals much more than meets the eye. During this time, there was extreme political tension in America between the Whigs and the Tories. Revere was a Whig (supporter of the war against England), and extremely political. Perhaps the reason why Revere chose to hold a silver teapot was politically motivated; a sly sarcastic nod to the tea drinking Tories (Loylist). Revere is pictured wearing a linen shirt, made from cloth woven by local women. During this time, only imported linen was legal; and therefore, his absence of jacket was merely a way to display his locally made linen shirt and defy the Tories in the name of freedom. Despite the fact that Copley may have been more or less indifferent about politics, he signed the portrait in very small letters, signaling that most likely did not bring attention to himself from this painting. Nonetheless, this remains one of Copley's most famous paintings today
mrs seymour
by copley boston tea party of december 16, 1773 copley travels to england to study with sir joshua reynolds in london
mary macintosh royall and elizabeth royall
by copley age 20 one of the best works of the first five years
rembrandt van rijn
captain frans banning cocq (the night watch) tenebrism The Militia Company - Each person in the painting was to pay for their portrait in the painting. Captain can be seen in the foreground wearing black and the lieutenant wearing yellow. His portrait commissions thereafter declined - -dirty, not a night scene. Each member contributed to the commission according to how prominently he would appear in the painting.
house of seven gables
salem mass •The House of the Seven Gables (1668) is a Colonial mansion in Salem, Massachusetts, as well as the title of a novel written in 1851 by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne.
donatello, St. mark
san michele in florence He treated the body as if it could move. He was the first to produce a full- scale model of a nude figure in clay, then draped clay- soaked linen about it to create garments, arranging the folds before the fabric dried.
peter bruegel the elder
(peasant wedding) Painter nicknamed "Pieter the Droll" due to his gift for satiric caricature plainly evident in his group portraits. Many of his scenes display a sense of humor combined with a moral lesson. Also an accomplished landscape painter, his genre (everyday scenes) images afford us an a glimpse into Northern life during the mid-sixteenth century. The scene is claimed to depict an accurate portrayal of the 16th-century way of celebrating a peasant wedding
gianlorenzo bernini
. Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome. 1642- 52. small alcove, the funeral chapel of Cardinal Cornaro Bernini integrated architecture, painting, sculpture, and lighting into a brilliant ensemble On the ceiling is a painted vision of heaven, with angels and billowing clouds. The Cornaro Chapel resembles a small theater with box seats on both sides. Either side of the chapel sits sculptured figures in box seats (the Cornaro family and donors of the chapel), in animated conversation. lighted dramatically by sunlight streaming through a yellow- glass window Teresa was a Spanish mystic, founder of a strict order of nuns, and an important figure in the Counter- Reformation. Claimed she saw visions of Heaven and Hell and was visited by angels. she is in an emotional frenzy it wasnt a physical but a spiritual pain
baroque in the us
A little over 400 years ago people from other countries started coming to North America to live. •They are called settlers. •Settlers were getting off the ships and quickly building temporary shelters (dugout and sod houses).
jonathan corwin house
Another house that is almost a duplicate of the Seven Gable House is on Essex Street in Salem The house bears the judge's name because of his fame — or perhaps infamy. Jonathan Corwin was one of the magistrates on the Court of Oyer and Terminer, which condemned 19 women accused of witchcraft to their deaths in 1692. •In fact, the house is often referred to simply as "The Witch House." This house does not have a porch, whereas the House of Seven Gables does.
florence italy: early and high renaissance
Artists were no longer mere crafts workers, but learned persons whose creative powers were viewed as almost miraculous. The greatest artists were considered a breed apart, constituting a class of their own that transcended the social class determined by birth— not nobility, not bourgeoisie, not clergy, but a separate and elite category of people respected not because of who they were but because of what they could do.
joseph blackburn
British painter Joseph Blackburn (Drapery Painter and Journeyman -traveled from town to town to paint portraits), settled in Boston, bringing with him the latest European fashion: Rococo. Copley was 17 in 1755. Learning first hand from live paintings was the next stage in Copley's artistic development. He picked up some of Blackburn's style By time he was 20, 1758, Copley had produced about 40 portraits.
michelangelo caravaggio
Caravaggio died at 39. Tenebrism ('te-na-"briz-um): most of the figures are engulfed in shadow but some are dramatically illuminated by a concentrated beam of light. Later, Artemisia Gentileschi will emulate this theme for her series of Judith and Maid servant with the Head of Holofernes.
john singleton copley historic painting
Copley was no longer satisfied with portraiture. He attempted to rival Benjamin West in historical paintings. Commissioned by Brook Watson, a well-to-do merchant and the future Lord Mayor of London. Watson was 14: swimming in the waters off Havana, Cuba, he was attacked by a shark that bit off his leg. On its first attack, the shark bit off a chunk of flesh from Watson's right leg below the calf; on the second attack, it removed his foot at the ankle. His leg was amputated below the knee. Copley never saw a shark and drew it from Watsons's description.
albrech durer
Dürer's greatest achievement in printmaking were the three engravings of 1513-14, regarded as his masterpieces. Melencolia I is by far the most complex of the three master engravings. The winged genius, representing the figure of Melancholy, rests her head on her hand, in a reflective pose, and holds a compass. Around her are geometric shapes, including a sphere and a giant polyhedron, along with scattered woodworking tools. (melencolia)
diego velazquez
From large family and claimed to be a descent form lesser nobility - not rich • Parents taught him to read and write • At 11 joined painter workshop • Influences: Francisco de Herrera and Francesco Pacheco • Diego frightened of Herrera's bad temper • Left him and studied with Pacheco and later married his daughter. • Learned humble reality with him • Went to guild of St. Luke - after exam 18 years. • Went to Madrid - became court painter • Painted bodegones - low eating place or tavern. • Phillip IV and queen did not like his work because it truly portrayed reality and was not the style of Counter Reformation. naturalistic portrait reflection of the Maids of Honor in the eyes
gable
Gables -A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof and at times, slanted.
stanley whitman house
High Street in Farmington, Connecticut was built in about 1720. This house marks a line between the Medieval style and the Colonial style which was to follow. Note the Medieval fenestration (windows) and the overhang with pendant drops. Note the Colonial use of wood, the central chimney which serves the fireplaces in all rooms, and the symmetry. The lean-to, added across the back 40 years later, gives the house a traditional New England saltbox shape
story of paul revers ride
In 1774 and the Spring of 1775 Paul Revere was employed as an express rider to carry news, messages, and copies of resolutions as far away as New York and Philadelphia. On the evening of April 18, 1775, Paul Revere was sent for by Dr. Joseph Warren and instructed to ride to Lexington, Massachusetts, to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock that British troops were marching to arrest them. After being rowed across the Charles River to Charlestown by two associates, Paul Revere borrowed a horse from his friend Deacon John Larkin. While in Charlestown, he verified that the local "Sons of Liberty" committee had seen his pre-arranged signals. (Two lanterns had been hung briefly in the bell-tower of Christ Church in Boston, indicating that troops would row "by sea" across the Charles River to Cambridge, rather than marching "by land" out Boston Neck. Revere had arranged for these signals the previous weekend, as he was afraid that he might be prevented from leaving Boston). On the way to Lexington, Revere "alarmed" the country-side, stopping at each house, and arrived in Lexington about midnight. As he approached the house where Adams and Hancock were staying, a sentry asked that he not make so much noise. "Noise!" cried Revere, "You'll have noise enough before long. The regulars are coming out!" After delivering his message, Revere was joined by a second rider, William Dawes, who had been sent on the same errand by a different route. Deciding on their own to continue on to Concord, Massachusetts, where weapons and supplies were hidden, Revere and Dawes were joined by a third rider, Dr. Samuel Prescott. Soon after, all three were arrested by a British patrol. Prescott escaped almost immediately, and Dawes soon after. Revere was held for some time and then released. Left without a horse, Revere returned to Lexington in time to witness part of the battle on the Lexington Green.
Where did the renaissance begin?
Italy First areas to recover economically from the chaos of the early Middle Ages. Powerful city- states -extensive trade and banking had developed. Wealthy, independent, and fiercely competitive. Competed to have the finest artists, as would the merchant- princes whose fortunes sustained them. The Church, also an important patron of the arts, was centered in Italy as well. Humanism arose first in Italy, and it was in Italy that the first university position in Greek studies was established. Finally, Italians had long lived amid the ruins of ancient Rome, and they viewed themselves as the direct descendants of the citizens of the earlier civilization
jonathan corwin
Jonathan Corwin was a wealthy New England merchant, and a judge in the Salem, Massachusetts area who was involved in the Salem Witch Trials. He married Elizabeth Gibbs, widow of Robert Gibbs, in 1675 and had ten children. She had four children from her previous marriage, and had two died before they married.
john singleton copley
When John was 10-years-old, his mother remarried to Peter Pelham, an engraver and teacher. He had a significant library of books regarding art. Peter was friends with Smibert, which John watched paint. Peter Pelham had a collection of prints, and Smibert, the artists, collection of prints included Raphael, Michelangelo, Poussin, and Rubens, High Renaissance prints. When his step-father died, the young Copley painted portraits to support his mother and brothers. (the gore children by copley-copley was age 15)
dugout
a pit dug in the ground or on a hillside used as a shelter
michelangelo caravaggio
Michelangelo Caravaggio purchased a young boy for his sexual companion. The boy grew up in his home and stayed with him until Caravaggio died. Caravaggio's bad reputation: cursing the police, throwing stones, seriously wounded a notary, fled Rome, beat Tomassoni with tennis rackets and then in a dual, killed him. And when the church found out he used a prostituted for his Madonna paintings, which later was fished out of a river, decided to lessen the commissions. • He then received knighthood but three months later was in jail for insulting another knight. • He escaped and fled to Sicily, then Naples where he was badly cut up in a brawl. • He was stricken with malaria. He set off walking under the summer sun desperately trying to reach Rome. where absolution for the murder of Tomassioni was being arranged. He survived a day or two before dying.
piazza navona rome
Piazza Navona is a city square in Rome, Italy. It is built on the site of the Stadium of Domitian, built in 1st century AD, and follows the form of the open space of the stadium. The ancient Romans came there to watch the agones ("games"), and hence it was known as 'Circus Agonalis' (competition arena). It is believed that over time the name changed to 'in avone' to 'navone' and eventually to 'navona'.
baroque
Renaissance art stressed the calm of reason, Baroque art is full of emotion, energy, movement and colors are more vivid. In architecture and sculpture, the Renaissance sought a classic simplicity, the Baroque favored ornamentation, as rich and complex as possible. " The Age of Kings.'' Some of the most powerful rulers in history. Frederick the Great of Prussia, Maria Theresa of Austria, Peter the Great and Catherine the Great of Russia, and a succession of grand kings.
paul revere, the boston massacre
Revere's engraving was inspired by a drawing by Henry Pelham, published nearly two weeks after Revere's. When Paul Revere first began selling his color prints of "The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King Street" in Boston, he was doing what any like-minded patriot with his talents in 1770 would have done. Only, Paul Revere did it faster and more expeditiously than anyone else. Propaganda to stir up the population. Five men had been shot to death in Boston town by British soldiers. Precipitating the event known as the Boston Massacre was a mob of men and boys taunting a sentry standing guard at the city's customs house. When other British soldiers came to the sentry's support, a free-for-all ensued and shots were fired into the crowd. Four died on the spot and a fifth died after four days. Six others were wounded.
the calling of st matthew
caravaggio Christ, His eyes veiled, with His halo the only hint of divinity, enters with Saint Peter. The tax-gatherer Levi (Saint Matthew's name before he became the apostle) was seated at a table with his four assistants, counting the day's proceeds. tenebrism
peter bruegel
childrens games The artist's intention for this work is more serious than simply to compile an illustrated encyclopaedia of children's games, though some eighty particular games have been identified. Bruegel shows the children absorbed in their games with the seriousness displayed by adults in their apparently more important pursuits. His moral is that in the mind of God children's games possess as much significance as the activities of their parents. This idea was a familiar one in contemporary literature: in an anonymous Flemish poem published in Antwerp in 1530 by Jan van Doesborch , mankind is compared to children who are entirely absorbed in their foolish games and concerns
diffused light
creates soft shadows and delicate gradations of brightness
direct light
enters through the windows, casting a shadow on the wall
francesco borromini
facade of san carlo alle quattro fontane (saint charles at the four fountains) central portion of the facade is convex at the street level but becomes a concave setting for convex elements above, culminating in a framed oval held aloft by two angels that seem to hover in front of the building. one fountain on each corner
yankee doodle house
fort crailo an administrative building and fortress and also used as a fortified brick manor house in rensselaer NY British Army surgeon Richard Shuckburgh, quartered in the home, wrote the witty Yankee Doodle song to mock the colonial troops who fought with the British in the French and Indian Wars.
fontana di nettuno
fountain of neptune
fontana del moro
fountain of the moor It represents a Moor, or African (perhaps originally meant to be Neptune), standing in a conch shell, wrestling with a dolphin, surrounded by four Tritons. It is placed in a basin of rose-colored marble. The fountain was originally designed by Giacomo della Porta in 1575 with the dolphin and four Tritons. In 1653, the statue of the Moor, by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, was added. In 1874, during a restoration of the fountain,
navona square- fontana dei flumi
four rivers fountain "The Danube ( Europe ) is associated with a horse, the Rio della Plata (Americas ) is seen with an armadillo, the Nile ( Africa ) sits with a lion, and the Ganges ( Asia ) is shown with a snake."
jan vermeer
girl with a pearl earring considered a vermeer masterpiece Produced domestic scenes and portraits. His paintings are known for their "clear, clean light quality."
francois de cuvilles
hall of mirrors versailles sinuous, twisting, almost visibly growing decorative forms. The line between walls and ceiling has been obscured deliberately to create the illusion of " sky'' above the room. Large arched mirrors multiply the effect of playful design everywhere the eye might focus. Rococo was above all a sophisticated style, and the Amalienburg shows us the height of Rococo, an "elaborate and profuse'' style. The painting were usually sinuous, almost "naughty" content.
peter bruegel the elder
hunters in the snow genre-everyday scenes The outing was not successful; the hunters appear to trudge wearily, and the dogs appear downtrodden and miserable. One man carries the "meagre corpse of a fox" illustrating the paucity of the hunt. The overall visual impression is one of a calm, cold, overcast day; the colors are muted whites and grays, the trees are bare of leaves, and wood smoke hangs in the air. Several adults and a child prepare food at an inn with an outside fire. A watermill is seen with its wheel frozen stiff. In the distance, figures ice skate, play hockey with modern style sticks and curl on a frozen lake; they are rendered as silhouettes.
eleazer arnold house
is a stone ender house Stone-ender houses has one short end made of stones, usually includes a large chimney. lincoln RI
matthias grunewald
isenheim altarpiece the altarpiece has two sets of wings displaying three configurations The first view shows a Crucifixion scene, flanked by images of Saint Anthony and Saint Sebastian. There is a Lamentation of Christ, which remains in the second view also. When the outermost wings are opened, the second view shows scenes of the Annunciation , the original subject of Mary bathing Jesus to the accompaniment of an Angelic choir, and the Resurrection. The innermost view shows the Temptation of Saint Anthony and the Meeting of Saint Anthony and the Hermit Paul to the sides, and a pre-existing carved gilt-wood altarpiece by Hagenauer of about 1490.
artemisia gentileschi
judith and maid servant with the head of holofernes According to the scripture, Judith, a pious and beautiful Israelite widow, volunteered to rescue her people from the invading armies of the Assyrian general Holofernes. Judith charmed the general, accepted his invitation to a banquet, waited until he drank himself into a stupor, then calmly beheaded him Gentileschi's dramatic way with light and dark was the influential invention of a painter named Caravaggio. Tenebrism
diego valezquez
las meninas maids of honor The young princess, Margarita, stands at center surrounded by her maids of honor, chaperone, bodyguard, two dwarfs and a dog. Velázquez may be painting the king and queen, whom we see reflected in a mirror on the far wall. They came to visit the artist in his studio, which is the court painter. On the steps is Don José Velázquez—the queen's chamberlain during the 1650s, and head of the royal tapestry works—who may have been a relative of the artist.
francois boucher
madame de pompadour •He executed important decorative commissions for Madame de Pompadour at Versailles. (The lover of Louis XV of France. She was blamed for establishing France's alliance with Austria, which led to the Seven Years' War (1756-1763).
jan van eyck
man in a red turban the artists guild he belongs to worse these red turbans
renaissance
meaning rebirth humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning
triptych
means 3 pannels ex: the master of flemalle: robert campin intuitive perspective They are in a bourgeois 'burzh-"wä (typical of affluent middle-class people, who are often characterized as conventional, conservative, or materialistic in outlook) house and Mary is seated in front of a low bench on the tiled floor, a sign of her humility. Mary has an open book and a second one lies on the table. The table is not in perspective - tilts forward. Mary may have been meditating on the Holy Scriptures when Gabriel entered. Books may be a cue of her as the possessor of divine wisdom. In this connection, the bench is decorated with little lions, as was once the throne of Solomon, the Old Testament king who used to be seen as the epitome of wisdom. The edge of her mantle is decorated with an inscription, another innovation of the Master of Flémalle. The stained glass figures possibly represent prophets who foretold the coming of the Messiah. The open window probably alludes to her honorary title as 'fenestra coeli', the window of heaven. The candles and their holders refer to Christ and the Virgin. The fact that the candles are snuffed out indicates that conception has already taken place. One intriguing detail is the woodcut above the chimney, depicting St Christopher carrying the Child across the river. This motif is a good illustration of the chronological jumps frequently found in the paintings of Flemish Primitives, as according to the main scene, depicting the Annunciation, the Savior has not even been born! The Lilies represent purity of the Virgin. There is a coat of arm in the window. There is a tiny figure of a baby holding a cross, who must be Christ, floats downward toward Mary. Two donors are kneeling outside the chamber in the garden, witnessing the event. Rosebush represents charity, violets and daisies represent humility. Joseph is in the right wing, the carpenter, at work with either a fire screen or part of a press which grapes are forced to make wine. There is a mousetrap, which references the "Cross of the Lord was the devil's mousetrap." Christ as bait to catch the Devil. According to St. Augustine, God had to appear on earth in human form so as to fool Satan -"the Cross of the Lord was the devils mousetrap."
frans hals
meeting of the officers of the kloveniersschutterjj in harlem
amor victorious
michelangelo caravaggio Amor Victorious was always considered one of Caravaggio's great masterpieces. 1601-1602 Earthly Love triumphant over the Virtues and Sciences, symbolized by a teenager with a gloating smile, "reigns" over a pile of weapons, instruments, a book (sheet music), drawing utensils, and a laurel wreath.
entombment of chris
michelangelo caravaggio Jesus is lowered into an open grave. The body is held by two of Christ's followers— his disciple St. John and the Jewish ruler Nicodemus This counter-reformation (the period of Catholic revival was initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation) painting - with a diagonal cascade of mourners and cadaver-bearers descending to the limp, dead Christ and the bare stone - is a moment of mourning. not transfiguration Christ's body is the only figure lit in its entirety , in Caravaggio it is important always to note where the arms are pointing. Here, the dead God's fallen arm and immaculate shroud touch stone; the grieving Mary Magdalene gestures to Heaven. In some ways, that was the message of Christ: God come to earth, and mankind reconciled with the heavens. Tradition held that the Virgin Mary be depicted as eternally young, but here Caravaggio paints the Virgin as an old woman.
oil
oil is used to smooth the transition form lights into darks
louis le vau and jules hardouin mansart
palais de versailles
ebenezer stoerer II
pastel by copley age 29 His ensemble shows him at rest in the proper at-home dress, derived from Middle Eastern costume and fashionable among the stylish set in the British colonies.
hyacubtge rigaud
portrait of louis note the lustrous textures, which are naturalistic (true to life)
rococo
rocaille Early 18th century •Expresses the values and past times of this pleasure-seeking group. •Its subjects are classical divinities and aristocracy at play. •It is full of sensuous lines and shimmering textures - as if everything were made of silk. •Interiors and furnishings alike were decorated with abstract 's' curves and 'c' scrolls combined with naturalistic motifs derived from shells and plants, often in a playfully asymmetrical arrangement.
judith leyster
self portrait (Carousing couple) •Leyster virtually stopped working as a professional painter after her marriage Judith Leyster was highly regarded as a genre painter (represent scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, and street scenes.) Her work is unique because it is a bridge between Caravaggio and Jan Vermeer work and the genre scenes of Hals (see The Calling of St. Matthew and Woman Holding a Balance) and she was an accomplished Baroque female artist. leyster had studied with hals genre painting
artemisia Gentileschi
self portrait as the allegory of painting Artemisia was raped by a friend of her father's, the painter Agostino Tassi. Tassi promised to marry her, and because of this she consented to regular relations with him. When after a time he refused to fulfill his promise, Orazio her father, dragged him to court. Tassi denies all and hurls ugly accusations. In the end, he was found guilty. Artemisia quickly married a Florentine painter. The story of her rape has focused attention on her images of strong, assertive women, especially the several paintings of Judith slaying Holofernes, which have been seen as her psychological revenge on Tassi.
albrech durer
self portrait-reflect jesus images German printmaker and one of the first international European art celebrities known mainly for his precisely detailed woodcuts and engravings. The picture is proudly inscribed: `Thus I, Albrecht Dürer from Nuremburg, painted myself with indelible colors at the age of 28 years.'
hans holbein
the ambassadors The reason may be that at the time spread legs were considered improper. This stance, with legs apart and knees locked straight, is very uncommon for the portrait of a king.
nicholas poussin
the ashes of phokion Phokion was a famous Athenian general of the 4th century B. C. In his old age, he was unjustly accused of treason, tried, and sentenced to death. The cremation or burial of his remains was outlawed. His friends and supporters dared not defy the court. Only his widow did not desert him. She is shown here gathering up her husband's ashes outside the city walls.
peter bruegel the elder
the blind leading the blind The painting reflects Bruegel's mastery of observation. Each figure has a different eye affliction, including corneal leukoma, atrophy of globe and removed eyes. The painting depicts a procession of six blind, disfigured men. They pass along a path bordered by a river on one side and a village with a church on the other. The leader of the group has fallen on his back into a ditch and, because they are all linked by their staffs, seems about to drag his companions down with him.
gian lorenzo bernini piazza vatican rome
the completion of st peters which had been designed by michelangelo During the early 17th century, an architect named Carlo Maderno lengthened the nave and created a new facade. Upon Maderno's death, Bernini continued the redecoration of the interior and designed a spectacular colonnade ( row of columns) to enclose the vast square in front of the church
roanoke colony
the first english settlement in america John White finally returned to Roanoke Island on August 18, 1590.. To his dismay, there was no sign of his friends and family. The colony had been dismantled and deserted. The only clues to the whereabouts of the colonists were carvings in a remaining post and a tree. The carving on the post read "Croatoan" and the carving in the tree was even more cryptic, it simply said "Cro." The lost colony of Roanoke was located on the northeastern coast of North Carolina. The island lay between the Outer Banks and the mainland of North Carolina.
frans hals
the jolly toper portrait of a "burgher" with one hand raised and the other balancing a glass of wine, teetering on his finger tips. Silhouette of his hat, noticeable brushstrokes. •He introduced a jovial spirit that revolutionized portraiture and set him apart from his contemporaries. Genre painting
rubens
the raising of the cross church of saint walpurga similarities between these two paintings— in the sharply diagonal composition and dramatic lighting— but we also find several differences Caravaggio's figures seem almost frozen in a moment of anguish, but Rubens' painting teems with movement and energy - the action continues beyond the painting - writhing S- curve of Christ's body is typically Baroque.
log cabin
the swedes and finns are credited with building the nations first lof cabins after their 1638 landing at The Rocks in what became wilmington DE
fragonard
the swing The Swing: painting was originally commissioned to a serious history painter by an unknown French nobleman: 'I desire', he said, 'that you should paint Madame (pointing to his mistress) on a swing which is being set in motion by a Bishop. You must place me where I can have a good view of the legs of this pretty little thing....'. Many of the Rococo paintings were risqué.
francois boucher
the toilet of venus Madame de Pompadour, the mistress of Louis XV., The Toilet of Venus, which was painted for her private retreat Château de Bellevue, is full of silk and perfume.. There is a strong resemblance of the woman in the painting and Madame de Pompadour
salvi and finished by giuseppe pannini
trevi fountain in rome largest baroque fountain in rome and one of the most famous fountains in the world
thatched roof
usually made of straw, reed or similar materials fastened together to shed water and sometimes to provide thermal insulation
jacob van ruisdael
view of haarlem artist's reaction to that flatness as an expression of the immense, limitless grandeur of nature - a contrast between the land— where human order has been established in the form of build-ings and cultivation— and the sky, with its billowing clouds, yielding to the wind, which mere people can never tame
sod house
walls made of strips of sod laid horizontally in courses like bricks
x-ray interior
where the front of the house is not drawn so you can see inside now days children in 2nd-4th grades will produce x-ray images - not drawing the front or side of a object, so you can see the internal objects inside. (calendar page Paul herman and jean limbourg) -calendar scene illuminatoin the painter also wants to remember the blessing of a good fire on a chilly day. He simply removes one of the walls of the cottage to give us a peek indoors. The Très Riches Heures provide an invaluable look at 15th century mores and customs.
jan vermeer
woman holding a balance Caught in a moment of reverie, a young woman steadies her scales before weighing her gold and pearls. A framed painting of the Last Judgment silhouettes her serene figure. Just as Christ weighs souls, so the woman tests a balance and is held in balance herself. God's divine light shines through the window directly on her peaceful face, and the mirror on the wall in front of her reflects a search for self-knowledge.