SPM Chapter 2 and 3
A milestone list is an output list associated with the Project Scope Management knowledge area.
False
According to the symbolic frame, what is most important about any event in an organization is what actually happened.
False
An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the project manager's job more difficult.
False
Initiating and closing tasks are usually the longest and require the most amount of resources and time.
False
It is good practice to lay the groundwork for a project after it officially starts.
False
It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during earlier phases.
False
Key outcomes of the executing process group are formal acceptance of the work and creation of closing documents.
False
Many of the theories and concepts of project management are difficult to understand.
False
Most IT projects involve a major amount of software development.
False
Organizational issues are often the least difficult part of working on and managing projects.
False
Project initiation involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed.
False
Technical and analytical skills guarantee success in project management.
False
The kick-off meeting is always held before the business case and project charter are completed.
False
The majority of organizations develop their own internal information technology project management methodologies.
False
The nature of hardware development projects is more diverse than software-oriented projects.
False
When you separate business and organizational issues from project management planning, you do a better job of ensuring project success.
False
Within the category of programmer, there are several job titles used to describe the specific technologies the programmer uses, such as project manager programmer, systems analyst programmer, macro developer, and so on.
False
You cannot tailor RUP to include the PMBOK process groups.
False
A major element of good practice concerns ____________________, which addresses the authority and control for key IT activities in organizations, including IT infrastructure, IT use, and project management.
IT governance
The ____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype. a. incremental build life cycle c. RAD life cycle b. waterfall life cycle d. spiral life cycle
RAD life cycle
A(n) ____________________ is a framework for describing the phases involved in developing information systems.
SDLC - systems development life cycle - systems development life cycle (SDLC)
____________________ are sets of interacting components working within an environment to fulfill some purpose.
Systems
____________________ addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and making a change to a system.
Systems management
____ describes a holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization. a. Systems philosophy c. Systems analysis b. Systems thinking d. Systems approach
Systems thinking
The level of activity and length of each process group varies for every project.
T-80
Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects.
True
Since the organization usually commits more money as a project continues, a management review should occur after each phase to evaluate progress, potential success, and continued compatibility with organizational goals.
True
The best way to kill a project is to withhold the required money, human resources, and visibility for the project.
True
The executing process group generally requires the most resources.
True
The same organization can have different subcultures.
True
Some projects have a senior manager called a(n) ____________________ who acts as a key proponent for a project.
champion
In the ____________________ phase, there should be some sort of customer acceptance of the entire project.
close-out - closeout
Experienced project managers know it is often best to balance the degree of ____________________ to get good project results.
control
In a(n) ____________________ organizational structure, project managers have little or no authority.
functional
Three general classifications of organizational structures are ____________________, project, and matrix.
functional
A ____ is the hierarchy most people think of when picturing an organizational chart. a. project organizational structure c. matrix organizational structure b. system organizational structure d. functional organizational structure
functional organizational structure
Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure ____. a. functional organizational structure c. matrix organizational structure b. project organizational structure d. circular organizational structure
functional organizational structure
To handle complex situations effectively, project managers need to take a(n) ____________________ view of a project and understand how it relates to the larger organization.
holistic
The ____ focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of the people. a. structural frame c. political frame b. human resources frame d. symbolic frame
human resources frame
The ____ assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. a. political frame c. structural frame b. symbolic frame d. human resources frame
political frame
Understanding the ____________________ is just as important to good project management as understanding the phases of the traditional project life cycle.
product life cycle
In a ____ matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority. a. weak c. strong b. balanced d. functional
strong
The ____________________ focuses on symbols and meanings.
symbolic frame
When project managers use a(n) ____________________, they are better able to make decisions that address the needs of the entire organization.
systems approach
A(n) ____________________ is an overall model for thinking about things as systems.
systems philosophy
The three spheres of systems management are business, organization, and ____________________.
technology
The ____ model assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined. a. spiral life cycle c. prototyping life cycle b. waterfall life cycle d. RAD life cycle
waterfall life cycle
The term "systems approach" emerged in the ____. a. 1940s c. 1960s b. 1950s d. 1970s
1950s
Most trade schools, colleges, and universities did not start offering degrees in computer technology, computer science, management information systems, or other information technology areas until the ____. a. 1950s c. 1980s b. 1970s d. 1990s
1970s COMPLETION
The term ____________________ has become popular to describe new approaches that focus on close collaboration between programming teams and business experts.
agile software development
Assigning staff part-time to the project often creates underutilization and/or misallocation of staff resources.
False
Because of overlaps in their duties, hardware specialists usually understand the language of database analysts, and vice versa.
False
Because of the nature of information technology projects, the people involved come from very similar backgrounds and possess similar skill sets.
False
Decisions and actions taken in one knowledge area at a certain time rarely affect other knowledge areas.
False
External project stakeholders generally include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, and internal customers for the project.
False
Few business and information technology students understand the concepts of systems and performing a systems analysis.
False
If project managers have functional management commitment, they will also have adequate resources and not be distracted by events that do not affect their specific projects.
False
In the long-term view, it is better to have a huge success on an unimportant project than to have a moderate success on an important project.
False
Information systems must support the firm's business goals, such as developing its own intranet site applications.
False
Initiating processes are not required to end a project.
False
Research suggests that companies working to implement best practices should spend less than 10 percent of project time in initiating and planning.
False
Some project managers do not even write down stakeholder information because they do not consider stakeholder management as a crucial part of their jobs.
False
____ is a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of the system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs. a. Systems philosophy c. Systems troubleshooting b. Systems management d. Systems analysis
Systems analysis
Project organizations may miss economies of scale available through the pooling of requests for materials with other projects.
True
The Adaptive Software Development (ASD) life cycle model assumes that software development follows an adaptive approach because the requirements cannot be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.
True
The WBS provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance.
True
Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management.
True
A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the ____ phase, and an overview of the work involved is created. a. implementation c. concept b. development d. close-out
concept
A(n) ____________________ is a product or service, such as a report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project.
deliverable
In the ____ phase, the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS. a. development c. concept b. implementation d. close-out
development
A(n) ____________________ is a group of senior executives from various parts of the organization, who regularly review important corporate projects and issues.
executive steering committee
In the ____ phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. a. development c. concept b. implementation d. close-out
implementation
The ____ model provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities. a. spiral life cycle c. waterfall life cycle b. RAD life cycle d. incremental build life cycle
incremental build life cycle
Management reviews, called phase exits or ____________________, are very important for keeping projects on track and determining if they should be continued, redirected, or terminated.
kill points
In early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually ____ and the level of uncertainty is ____. a. lowest; highest c. lowest, lowest b. high, lowest d. highest, highest
lowest; highest
In a ____, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers. a. project organizational structure c. matrix organizational structure b. system organizational structure d. functional organizational structure
matrix organizational structure
The ____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. a. member identity c. people focus b. group emphasis d. unit integration
people focus
A ____ is a collection of project phases. a. project life cycle c. project planning cycle b. project feasibility d. project acquisition
project life cycle
In a ____, program managers report to the CEO. a. project organizational structure c. matrix organizational structure b. system organizational structure d. functional organizational structure
project organizational structure
Project managers have the most authority in a pure ____. a. functional organizational structure c. matrix organizational structure b. project organizational structure d. circular organizational structure
project organizational structure
The ____ model requires heavy user involvement, and developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously. a. RAD life cycle c. spiral life cycle b. prototyping life cycle d. incremental build life cycle
prototyping life cycle
The ____ focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management. a. structural frame c. political frame b. human resources frame d. symbolic frame
structural frame
The ____________________ is usually depicted in an organizational chart.
structural frame
Many companies have realized that information technology is integral to their business and have created a vice president or equivalent-level position for the head of information technology, often called the ____. a. CPO c. CEO b. CFO d. CIO
CIO
____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment. a. Means-ends orientation c. Conflict tolerance b. Open-systems focus d. Risk tolerance
Open-systems focus
____ is a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization. a. Organizational politics c. Organizational culture b. Organizational philosophy d. Organizational structure
Organizational culture
A stakeholder management strategy is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project.
True
Although it is easier to focus on the immediate and sometimes narrow concerns of a particular project, project managers and other staff must keep in mind the effects of any project on the interests and needs of the entire system or organization.
True
An organization may initiate information technology projects for several reasons, but the most important reason is to support business objectives.
True
An organization should put considerable thought into project selection to ensure that it initiates the right kinds of projects for the right reasons.
True
An organization that uses a project organizational structure earns their revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract.
True
COBOL programmers cannot be of much help on a Java project.
True
DMAIC is used to improve an existing business process.
True
If a project manager does not submit a potential project in the proper format, it could be rejected.
True
If project managers lead projects in isolation, it is unlikely that those projects will ever truly serve the needs of the organization.
True
Information technology is usually a support function in an organization.
True
Initiating processes take place during each phase of a project.
True
It is rare for technical specialists or project managers to remain with the same company for a long time.
True
Monitoring and controlling processes overlap all of the other project management process groups.
True
Most colleges and universities have very strong functional organizations.
True
