Art Theory Ch 14 + 15
What were the three major ancient Aegean cultures?
the cycladics the minoans the mycenaeans
Portraits were often set into mausoleum facades to give the impression of
the dead looking out at the living
Why did the Greeks start using naturalism in sculpture?
They wanted to depict their gods as human.
What is a Krater?
vessel used for wine
Crowned in 800, ____ was the first ruler to assume the title Emperor of Rome in over 300 years.
Charlemagne
How is this Roman sculpture of the emperor Marcus Aurelius significant?
it is the only surviving equestrian portrait form Roman times. it has influenced many sculptures since its rediscovery.
Narthex
the fount entry porch
Which of the following are characteristics common to the architecture of ancient Sumer, Egypt, Greece, and Rome?
the largest structures were often temples or shrines structures were built with lasting permanence in mind
Which of the following three sites on this map are sites of Paleolithic art work?
Chauvet Cave Lascaux Cave
What are some of the characteristics that define the Neolithic Period?
domestication of animals new types of stone tools cultivation of fruits and grains
In Ancient Greece, sculpture, painting and architecture were described as "things requiring a special body of knowledge or skill to make," or ____.
techne
Some funerary portraits were attached to the ____ of those depicted.
tombs
What Aegean culture created this rhythm, or drinking cup?
Mycenaean
By what year had rough approximation of modern European political boundaries been established?
600
Which pharaoh changed Egyptian culture from polytheism to monotheism during the Amarna period
Akhenaten
Which two cultures are referenced when using the word classical?
Ancient Greece Ancient Rome
What is the Hellenistic sculpture that represents the ideals of beauty resulting from incorporating nudity into female statuary?
Aphrodite of Melos
Describe the characteristics of the Cycladic Statuette of a Woman in terms of elements and style.
Geometric Abstract Simplified
The Babylonian's ____ ____ is the only complete legal code to survive from the ancient world.
Hammurabi Code
What is the last period of Greek art that also refers to the spread of Greek culture?
Hellenistic
Which animal was most often found in art associated with marital aspects of Ancient Greece and Rome?
Horse
What architectural characteristics did abbot Super employ at Saint-Denis that came define Gothic style?
Ribbed vaults Stained glass windows Pointed arches
This image of Christ as Pantorator, which is Greek for " ____ ," became a basic element in Byzantine iconography
Ruler of All
What is the Egyptian symbol of stability, order, and endurance?
Sphinx
What is the difference between the Classical period and the generic term classical when it refers to art?
The Classical period is a specific period, whereas the term classical encompasses all of Greek and Roman art.
The Romans made marble copies of Greek bronze statues.
True
In the early 20th century which Egyptian ruler's tomb was found nearly intact, which allowed people to better understand the visual culture ancient Egypt?
Tutankhamen
Apse
a curved end section
Nave
an open central space
Clerestory
an upward extension pierced with windows
In what ways does this Kouros figure differ from Egyptian sculpture?
anonymous subject purposeful nudity released completely from the stone
In which Greek art period were the kouroi and korai figures created?
archaic
Numerous female statuettes of differing style, found over a span of thousands of years and across a wide region, were often thought to be ____ figures, meant to promote pregnancy and childbirth.
fertility
Hatshepsut, one of Egypt's few female rulers, is well known to history for her commission of a massive ____, one of the largest and most famous architectural structures from ancient Egypt.
funerary temple
The purpose of this Assyrian beast motif by the palace gates was to ____ and ____ visitors.
impress intimidate
Where would mosaics such as this one be found?
in a triclinium in wealthy homes
What is the most significant trait of this Neo-Babylonian wall?
it features a true arch, an architectural feature often associated with the Romans.
What is the most famous architectural creation of the Egyptians?
pyramid
One of the few Greek bronze sculptures to survive to modern day, Warrior A assumes what pose?
Contrapposto
What type of columns were used on the Parthenon?
Doric
What is the name of this sculptural group that once adorned the Parthenon?
Three Goddesses
What are the Greek-inspired elements used in the construction of the Colosseum?
arches corinthian columns ionic columns
Which period of Greek art do scholars consider to be the finest?
classical
Transept
length-wise perpendicular extension
What is a ziggurat?
temple
What did the Sumerians leave behind in addition to artifacts?
writing system
What does the Greek word kouroi (singular kouros) mean?
youths boys
How is the depiction of the Seated Scribe typical of other depositions of people in Egyptian art?
the figure is symmetrical and each body part can be seen it is a realistic depiction of the subject
What artistic style does this sculpture of Sargon I exhibit, which is rarely seen in early art?
naturalism
How does this amphora show the evolution of Greek art?
nude males and clothed females red-figure style of painting more natural figures
What assumptions can you make about Minoan culture by studying the Toreador Fresco?
people were lighthearted and cheerful people loved sports and games
Sculptures of nude made bodies were constantly displayed in Greek life because the Greeks believed that since men lived public lives, then their bodies were also ____.
public
The sculptural where objects and figures do not project from the surface but are carved deep into the surface is called ____ ____.
sunken relief
The most valuable and treasured possessions of medieval times were the large woven ____, which often told a story and were hung on walls in grand homes and castles.
tapestries
The mummy case of the Roman subject Artemidoros shows what cultural evidence of two civilizations that were conquered by the Romans?
Egyptian gods Greek letters
How did the new style of art created during the Amarna period differ form earlier Egyptian art?
It was relaxed and naturalistic
Aisles
delineations of space to accommodate worshipers
What two bodies of water were in ancient Mesopotamia?
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
What are three examples of Roman architecture and engineering?
Pont du Gard Pantheon Colosseum
What did the second Hellenistic style prefer over pervious Classical values?
dynamic poses extreme emotion
In Northern Europe, artists continued to work in the Gothic style until the
early 16th century
Byzantine rulers considered themselves to be legitimate continuation of the ancient Roman Empire and were known by the title
emperor of all the Romans