Art Theory Ch 14 + 15

What were the three major ancient Aegean cultures?

the cycladics the minoans the mycenaeans

Portraits were often set into mausoleum facades to give the impression of

the dead looking out at the living

Why did the Greeks start using naturalism in sculpture?

They wanted to depict their gods as human.

What is a Krater?

vessel used for wine

Crowned in 800, ____ was the first ruler to assume the title Emperor of Rome in over 300 years.

Charlemagne

How is this Roman sculpture of the emperor Marcus Aurelius significant?

it is the only surviving equestrian portrait form Roman times. it has influenced many sculptures since its rediscovery.

Narthex

the fount entry porch

Which of the following are characteristics common to the architecture of ancient Sumer, Egypt, Greece, and Rome?

the largest structures were often temples or shrines structures were built with lasting permanence in mind

Which of the following three sites on this map are sites of Paleolithic art work?

Chauvet Cave Lascaux Cave

What are some of the characteristics that define the Neolithic Period?

domestication of animals new types of stone tools cultivation of fruits and grains

In Ancient Greece, sculpture, painting and architecture were described as "things requiring a special body of knowledge or skill to make," or ____.

techne

Some funerary portraits were attached to the ____ of those depicted.

tombs

What Aegean culture created this rhythm, or drinking cup?

Mycenaean

By what year had rough approximation of modern European political boundaries been established?

600

Which pharaoh changed Egyptian culture from polytheism to monotheism during the Amarna period

Akhenaten

Which two cultures are referenced when using the word classical?

Ancient Greece Ancient Rome

What is the Hellenistic sculpture that represents the ideals of beauty resulting from incorporating nudity into female statuary?

Aphrodite of Melos

Describe the characteristics of the Cycladic Statuette of a Woman in terms of elements and style.

Geometric Abstract Simplified

The Babylonian's ____ ____ is the only complete legal code to survive from the ancient world.

Hammurabi Code

What is the last period of Greek art that also refers to the spread of Greek culture?

Hellenistic

Which animal was most often found in art associated with marital aspects of Ancient Greece and Rome?

Horse

What architectural characteristics did abbot Super employ at Saint-Denis that came define Gothic style?

Ribbed vaults Stained glass windows Pointed arches

This image of Christ as Pantorator, which is Greek for " ____ ," became a basic element in Byzantine iconography

Ruler of All

What is the Egyptian symbol of stability, order, and endurance?

Sphinx

What is the difference between the Classical period and the generic term classical when it refers to art?

The Classical period is a specific period, whereas the term classical encompasses all of Greek and Roman art.

The Romans made marble copies of Greek bronze statues.

True

In the early 20th century which Egyptian ruler's tomb was found nearly intact, which allowed people to better understand the visual culture ancient Egypt?

Tutankhamen

Apse

a curved end section

Nave

an open central space

Clerestory

an upward extension pierced with windows

In what ways does this Kouros figure differ from Egyptian sculpture?

anonymous subject purposeful nudity released completely from the stone

In which Greek art period were the kouroi and korai figures created?

archaic

Numerous female statuettes of differing style, found over a span of thousands of years and across a wide region, were often thought to be ____ figures, meant to promote pregnancy and childbirth.

fertility

Hatshepsut, one of Egypt's few female rulers, is well known to history for her commission of a massive ____, one of the largest and most famous architectural structures from ancient Egypt.

funerary temple

The purpose of this Assyrian beast motif by the palace gates was to ____ and ____ visitors.

impress intimidate

Where would mosaics such as this one be found?

in a triclinium in wealthy homes

What is the most significant trait of this Neo-Babylonian wall?

it features a true arch, an architectural feature often associated with the Romans.

What is the most famous architectural creation of the Egyptians?

pyramid

One of the few Greek bronze sculptures to survive to modern day, Warrior A assumes what pose?

Contrapposto

What type of columns were used on the Parthenon?

Doric

What is the name of this sculptural group that once adorned the Parthenon?

Three Goddesses

What are the Greek-inspired elements used in the construction of the Colosseum?

arches corinthian columns ionic columns

Which period of Greek art do scholars consider to be the finest?

classical

Transept

length-wise perpendicular extension

What is a ziggurat?

temple

What did the Sumerians leave behind in addition to artifacts?

writing system

What does the Greek word kouroi (singular kouros) mean?

youths boys

How is the depiction of the Seated Scribe typical of other depositions of people in Egyptian art?

the figure is symmetrical and each body part can be seen it is a realistic depiction of the subject

What artistic style does this sculpture of Sargon I exhibit, which is rarely seen in early art?

naturalism

How does this amphora show the evolution of Greek art?

nude males and clothed females red-figure style of painting more natural figures

What assumptions can you make about Minoan culture by studying the Toreador Fresco?

people were lighthearted and cheerful people loved sports and games

Sculptures of nude made bodies were constantly displayed in Greek life because the Greeks believed that since men lived public lives, then their bodies were also ____.

public

The sculptural where objects and figures do not project from the surface but are carved deep into the surface is called ____ ____.

sunken relief

The most valuable and treasured possessions of medieval times were the large woven ____, which often told a story and were hung on walls in grand homes and castles.

tapestries

The mummy case of the Roman subject Artemidoros shows what cultural evidence of two civilizations that were conquered by the Romans?

Egyptian gods Greek letters

How did the new style of art created during the Amarna period differ form earlier Egyptian art?

It was relaxed and naturalistic

Aisles

delineations of space to accommodate worshipers

What two bodies of water were in ancient Mesopotamia?

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

What are three examples of Roman architecture and engineering?

Pont du Gard Pantheon Colosseum

What did the second Hellenistic style prefer over pervious Classical values?

dynamic poses extreme emotion

In Northern Europe, artists continued to work in the Gothic style until the

early 16th century

Byzantine rulers considered themselves to be legitimate continuation of the ancient Roman Empire and were known by the title

emperor of all the Romans