Art Unit 2

Durer's "the knight, death and the devil"

example of engraving

Nam June Paik's "Video Flag Z"

video art using 84 TV screens to show american flags with old hollywood films

Typography

1. art and technique of composing printed material from letterforms 2. also called typefaces or fonts

Wood engraving

1. traditionally used for book illustration 2. very dense wood, durable, can be used for lots of editions 3. use metal tools to carve surface

Hernandez's "Sun mad"

protest against the use of pesticides, changes raisin box to speak to viewer directly *example of screen printing

2 kinds of printmaking

relief and intaglio

Screenprinting

1. also called silkscreen 2. adheres stencil to screen 3. squeegee pushes ink through the fabric in open areas of stencil ex. concert shirts and posters

Lithography process

1. artist draws image on limestone or plate without cutting 2. uses litho crayons or tusche liquid 3. completed image treated with gum arabic 4. surface dampened with water and inked *surface remains intact, stones can be reused

Engraving

1. artist uses a burin (engraving tool on metal plate) 2. scraper smooths down rough edges *US currency

Motion picture producing code authority

1. attempt to regulate moral content of film 2. films lacking approval were not widely distributed ex. fine payed in "Gone with the wind" for swearing

Roman letter typography

1. based on capital letters carved in stone by early romans 2. strokes ending in serifs (short lines with on ends) 3. not italic

Woodcut printmaking

1. bold black and white contrast 2. does not easily lend itself to color 3. limited to couple 100 editions due to deterioration of matrix

Persistence of vision

1. brief retention of an image on the retina after stimulus is removed 2. gives illusion of motion

Michael Beirut's "Saks fifth avenue logo"

1. challenge of renewing brand logo 2. 64 square pieces from original logo randomly combined 3. still recognizable but innovative

Donald Meeker

1. changed "Clearview Hwy" typeface 2. expanded hollow spaces for better readability on interstate highway signs

Camera obscura

1. dark room 2. reflected light passing through small hole in wall of darkened room 3. inverted image of what was outside 4. developed lens and angled mirror for ease of tracing *can be fixed room or portable chamber

Color photos

1. development began in 1907 and improved in 1932 by Eastman Kodak Company color film 2. many thought color was tacky 3. color was associated with family photos

One laptop per child project product design

1. effort to make computers accessible to children around the world 2. universal thin tablet that costs $100 and is not language specific

Kenneth Anger's "Scorpio rising" film

1. experimental but influenced mainstream 2. rituals of biker gang 3. was declined production code due to swearing and nudity

Niepce in 1826

1. first photograph 2. used sensitized pewter plate exposed to light for 8 hours

Woodcut printmaking in japan

1. flourished in 17th-19th century 2. used multiple blocks to achieve subtle color 3. subject matter included famous actors, landscapes, erotic images 4. influenced impressionist and post-impressionist painters

Sergi Eisenstein

1. further developed Griffith's techniques 2. skillful use of montage to combine shots for a story ex. "the battleship potemkin" realistic portrayal of a tragic event and dramatic use of close up

Linocut

1. gouging of synthetic linoleum surface in areas not intended to take ink 2. soft matrix (rubber-like) 3. no grain and can be cut with ease *also called linoleum cut

Logos

1. identifying marks or trademarks based on letterforms combined with pictorial elements 2. present a distinct and memorable appearance ex. Sovereign bank logo- lantern to show truth and virtue Colonial bank logo- shows blue coolness, eagle patriotism

Intaglio process

1. ink daubed on surface 2. surface wiped clean except in grooves 3. damp paper passes beneath roller *get plate marks of roller which gives a faux border

Man Ray

1. innovative rayographs made by placing objects on light sensitive paper and exposing them to sunlight 2. not really photos because no camera or lens is used

"Fantasia"

1. integrated classical music, painting, dance, and drama with cartoon characters 2. utilized storyboard to lay out major shots

Binh Danh

1. invented method of recording photos on plant material ex. "Iridescence of life" series pairs images of war victims with butterflies and embeds them in resin

Daguerreotypes

1. iodized silver plates exposed to mercury vapor and fixed by mineral salt solution 2. only stationary objects were recorded due to long exposure time (30 minutes) *Boulevard du temple in 1839

Susan Degres

1. lays sheets of photosensitive paper at bottom of shallow ponds at night 2. light shines on paper and emphasizes shadows 3. creates landscape looking up from below waters surface ex. "Gibbous moon cloud"

Reasons to make prints

1. less expensive than paintings or sculpture 2. can be viewed by a larger group and is an easy way to influence social change

Photography

1. means light writing 2. used for study, record, analysis, advertisement, pleasure 3. allows for selection of camera, lens, film, and composition 4. exposure controls light and dark

Alfred Stieglitz

1. opened photography gallery in 1905 2. published "camera work" magazine which included photos and photo essays 3. began to normalize photos ex. Spring Showers

William Eggleston

1. photo exhibit at MoMA in 1976 2. Los Alamos portfolio showed elegant commotion of everyday things ex. "untitled nehi bottle" shows skillful arrangement of off balance diagonals, cropped photo

Etching process

1. preparation of copper or zinc metal plate with wax or varnish 2. artist draws through surface to expose metal 3. plate immersed in nitric acid that makes a groove according to the acid strength and the time in the bath *lines generally more relaxed and irregular

Cinematography

1. prior to late 19th century, film was rapidly changing short sequences of still drawings like a flip book 2. the art of photography and camerawork in filmmaking

Julia Margaret Cameron

1. prior to photos, only wealthy could afford portraits to be painted 2. first to do close ups and lighting manipulation

Graphic design

1. process of working with words and pictures to enhance visual communication 2. mostly involving designing materials to be printed 3. combines art and technology

Stencil

1. sheet with design cut into in 2. painting over it transfers design to picture plane 3. favored by street artists 4. shading is not possible

Ridley Scott's "Prometheus"

1. shot using multiple cameras to enable 3D projection 2. combines human actors with digital animation

Drypoint

1. similar to line engraving 2. uses steel tool with diamond tip 3. uses burr to raise metal and creating a blurred texture 4. small editions and rarely done

D.W. Griffith

1. suggested moving camera from fixed stage bound position 2. first to use close up and long shot 3. used film editing

Lithography

1. surface printing process based on properties of water and oil 2. fast and flexible method *highly used 1800's

Impact of digital revolution

1. translation of info from lens into digital files which can be altered or manipulated 2. vehicle of truth no longer holds

Motion graphics

1. visual effects, live action, and animation used in a 2D project that moves 2. began with title sequences (roll of credits at beginning of film)

Jacob Riis

1. visual statements in photos is more believable 2. lends itself to bring awareness of events 3. early leader of photography for social change ex. Five cents a spot

Cinema

a mass fo art closely monitored by those in authority

Intaglio

areas below the surface hold the ink ("to cut into")

Film noir

black and white film dealing with murder in 1940's that shows dark side of american dream ex. "Detour" had main character as a murder suspect

"Article 15: Everyone has the right to nationality and to change it" poster

black panther party easily expresses social ideas about civil rights and serves a reminder of roots and rights

Poster

concise visual announcement providing info through the use of typography and images *used to commonly by lithograph prints

Emil Nolde's "Prophet"

contrast, reveals character of wood and woodcut process, simplified pattern conveys emotional intensity *example of woodcut

Schuurman's "Matter of monument" poster

conveys issues with zoning, catered to tourists, protests government policy in amsterdam

Reasons for printmaking in the 15th century

demand for inexpensive religious icons and playing cards

Interactive design

designs that organize interactive info while keeping layouts attractive ex. Bjork's "Biophilia Apps" that allow users to interact with song albums

Gary Braasch

documents diminishing habitat of polar bears with a similar goal as Ansel Adams ex. "polar bear outside Barrow, Alaska"

Shot in film

each piece of film photographed

Film editing

editor picks best shots from raw footage and reassembles them into meaningful sequences

Types of intaglio

engraving, drypoint, etching

Catlett's "Sharecropper"

even white gouges, dignified images of african americans *example of linocut

Cassat's "the letter"

example of etching

Karin Fong's sequence for "Rubicon"

fast moving and revealing sequence nominated for an Emmy award

Progressive proofs

favorites from the edition *also called artists proofs

Kent's "workers of the world, unite"

fine detail in body and background, socially conscious, farmer defending his territory *example of wood engraving

Charlie Chaplin's "Modern Times" film

funny statement of poor factory conditions and insanity

Edition

groups of images from the same matrix *numbered to indicate sequence of pulled prints

Saul Bass

innovated title sequence to set the mood for the film

Guillermo del Toro's "Pan's labyrinth"

intersection of fantasy and reality that exhibits imagination to help us cope with adversity *everyone can relate to, blockbuster film

Margaret Bourke-White

introduced concept of photo essays to use photos as vehicles of truth ex. "Louisville flood victims" during great depression

Georges Melies

introduced dissolves between scenes ex. "Voyage to the moon" was filmed like a play, no camera movement

Kyle Cooper's sequence for "Se7en"

introduces killer who doesn't appear until later in the film, intimate moments with killer

Tanja Softic's "Quiver"

layering of images with each layer being a new color, meditation on fragile structures, relates to process of memory and visual poems

Relief prints

like a stamp carved on wood, raised surface that ink is applied to

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec's "Ambassadeurs: Aristide bruant"

loved night clubs and people watching, bright colors and flattened compositions

Ansel Adams

natural environment conservation photos ex. "Clearing winter storm, Yosemite national park" shows grandeur of nature, symbols of spiritual life transcending the conflicts of society

QR5 wind turbine product design

new style of turbine that looks better, nearly silent, has not injured any birds

"Newyorkistan" poster

offensive yet funny poster of The New Yorker, divides neighborhoods based on popular stereotypes

Prints

one of a series of nearly identical pieces usually printed on paper *each is an original print due to small variations *made from a matrix which is created from wood, metal, or stone

Daumier's "rue transnonian"

one of the first lithographic artists, captured event of militia killing innocent tenants of apartment

Heidy Cody's "American Alphabet"

organized alphabet using initials of corporate logos to show the impact of advertisement in our lives

Bravo's "Two pairs of legs"

photo combines billboard and building site, humorous, delightful shadowing

Cartier-Bresson's "Place de l'Europe behind the Gare St.- Lazare, Paris"

photo shows drama and parallelism of man jumping like the dancer on the poster behind him

Wilson's "The silence is twice as fast backwards"

photograph manipulating exposure and detail, has intention and vision

Cameron's "Paul and Virginia"

posed children off center, suggestion fo characters in popular novel

Mission One motorcycle product design

powered by lithium ion battery for zero emissions

Doug Aitken's "Song I"

projection onto building using music and image to transform visual experience

Jeff Wall's "boy falls from tree"

seems real but was a manipulated combo of images

Barnbrook's "Olympukes: drowning in advertising"

series of pictograms that is a wallpaper for iPhones that comments on extensive advertisement use in olympics

Rembrandt's "christ preaching"

skillful use of light and shadow, precise lines *example of etching

Martin Puryear's "CFAO" sculpture

unpainted stack of wood on one side, curving shape based on elongated african mask on other side

Betsabee Romero's "cities on the move"

uses tires with eroded treads to carve relief patterns, based on traditional mexican pop culture motifs such as skeletons and flowers, inked for printing on large sheets *example of linocut

Quick response codes (QR)

viewer scans code to get more info, interactive alternative to billboards ex. japanese building displays code to offer info about the building

Types of relief prints

woodcut, wood engraving, linocut

Sculpture

work of art in 3 dimensions: height, breadth, depth *experience existing space

"Citizen Kane"

1. thinly veiled biography of William Randolph Hearst 2. used extreme angles and clever editing

Special effects influencers

George Lucas and Lucasfilm Ltd. increased use of computers in editing

"Princess Mononoke" film

captures essence of japanese animation by combining meaningful characters with epic storylines

Hiroshige's "Shono hakuu" (light rain at shono)

color woodcut printmaking, multiple woodblocks registered (aligned) *example of woodcut

Eadweard Muybridge

commissioned to capture horse's legs to settle a bet on whether or not all legs were off the ground at once ex. "The horse in motion"

Jamie Reid's "God save the queen"

cover for sex pistols single, controversial but popular