Artificial Intelligence

AI Simple Explanation***

"how close or how well a computer can imitate or go beyond, when compared to human being"

Artificial Intelligence Definitions***

1) **The ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings** 2) A machine completing the tasks which involve a certain degree of intelligence which was previously deemed only to be done by humans 3) Is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning, reasoning, and self-correction. 4) The capability of a machine to imitate the intelligent human behavior

Artificial Intelligence Avenues

1) Machine Learning - deep learning, supervised, unsupervised 2) Natural Language processing (NLP) - content extraction, classification, machine translation, question answering, text generation 3) Expert Systems 4) Vision - image recognition, machine vision 5) Speech - speech to text, text to speech 6)planning 7) robotics

Limited Memory

AI systems (can use past experiences) to inform future decisions. Some of the decision-making functions in *self-driving cars* have been designed this way. Observations used to inform actions happening in the not so distant future, such as a car that has changed lanes. These observations are not stored permanently and also Apple's Chatbot Siri.

Self-awareness***

An AI that has it's own conscious, super intelligent, self-awareness and sentient (In simple words a complete human being). Of course, this kind of bot also doesn't exist and if achieved it will be one of the milestones in the field of AI.

Vision

It can be said as a field which enables the machines to see. Machine vision captures and analyses visual information using a camera, analog-to-digital conversion, and digital signal processing. It can be compared to human eyesight but it is not bound by the human limitation which can enable it to see through walls(now that would be interesting if we can have implants that can make us see through the wall). It is usually achieved through machine learning to get the best possible results so we could say that these two fields are interlinked.

Robotics

It is a field of engineering focused on the design and manufacturing of robots. Robots are often used to perform tasks that are difficult for humans to perform or perform consistently. Examples include car assembly lines, in hospitals, office cleaner, serving foods, and preparing foods in hotels, patrolling farm areas and even as police officers. Recently machine learning has been used to achieve certain good results in building robots that interact socially(Sophia)

Machine Learning (ML)***

It is a method where the target(goal) is defined and the steps to reach that target is learned by the machine itself by training(gaining experience). Example: The target is achieved not by explicitly specifying the details about it and coding it but it is just as we teach a child by showing multiple different pictures of it and therefore allowing the machine to define the steps to identify it like an apple or an orange

Weak AI or Narrow AI***

It is focused on one narrow task, the phenomenon that machines which are not too intelligent to do their own work can be built in such a way that they seem smart. EX: poker game where a machine beats human where in which all rules and moves are fed into the machine. Here each and every possible scenario need to be entered beforehand manually. Each and every weak AI will contribute to the building of strong AI.

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Natural Language Processing is broadly defined as the automatic manipulation of natural language, like speech and text, by software. One of the well-known examples of this is email spam detection as we can see how it has improved in our mail system.

Strong AI***

The machines that can actually think and perform tasks on its own just like a human being. There are no proper existing examples for this but some industry leaders are very keen on getting close to build a strong AI which has resulted in rapid progress.

Autonomous Vehicles

This area of AI has gathered a lot of attention. the list of vehicles includes cars, buses, trucks, trains, ships, submarines, and autopilot flying drones etc.

Reactive Machines

This is one of the basic forms of AI. It (doesn't have past memory) and cannot use past information to information for the future actions. Example:- IBM chess program that beat Garry Kasparov in the 1990s.

Theory of Mind***

This type of AI should be able to (understand people's emotion, belief, thoughts, expectations and be able to interact socially) Even though a lot of improvements are there in this field this kind of AI is not complete yet.

Weak AI (Artificial Narrow Intelligence ANI)

is the AI that exists in our world today. Narrow AI is AI that is programmed to perform a single task — whether it's checking the weather, being able to play chess, or analyzing raw data to write journalistic reports. - pull information from a specific data-set - they can't think for themselves

Artificial General intelligence AGI or "Strong" AI

refers to machines that exhibit human intelligence. In other words, AGI can successfully perform any intellectual task that a human being can. Currently, machines are able to process data faster than we can. But as human beings, we have the ability to think abstractly, strategize, and tap into our thoughts and memories to make informed decisions or come up with creative ideas. This type of intelligence makes us superior to machines, but it's hard to define because it's primarily driven by our ability to be sentient creatures. - AGI is expected to be able to reason, solve problems, make judgements under uncertainty, plan, learn, integrate prior knowledge in decision-making, and be innovative, imaginative and creative