ASI 595 Final

What is the estimated value of the plant-based meat market in 2019?

$12.1 Billion

What is the estimated value of the plant-based meat market in 2025?

$27.9 Billion

Why is there a larger gap between farm and retail price?

-Increased labor costs -Increased food products -Increased competition -Decreased consumption of "raw"

Why would lab-grown meat grow in popularity?

-Uses less energy -Doesn't require slaughter -Increased sustainability

In slides for a presentation, what should you aim for?

1) Be visible in every part of the room 2) Minimal content volume 3) Add pictures to give a visual 4) Figures - make sure your audience is able to understand it

Beef production, both in China and the rest of the world is forecasted to have small increases from 2017 to 2020, while chicken production is forecasted to increase much more. Provide two reasons to explain this difference.

1) Chickens take up significantly less room, so you can produce more chicken with less land, which is perfect for China's geography. 2) Chicken is cheaper to produce and has a much faster turn-around time from Hatch --> Grow --> Eat that could serve as a faster protein substitute for pork in China

What are the 5 freedoms?

1) Freedom of hunger and thirst 2) Freedom of Discomfort 3) Freedom from Pain, Injury and Disease 4) Freedom to express normal behavior 5) Freedom from fear and distress

What are steps to handle anxiety of public speaking?

1) Know your material 2) Be more conversational instead of "performing"

What are challenges of Animal-Sourced foods?

1) Lack of feed resources 2) Lack of infrastructure 3) Low productivity due to poor genetics, nutrition and management 4) Poor management of natural resources 5) Increased exposure to food borne pathogens

What will India's projected population in 2050?

1.6 billion

The livestock sector is made responsible for up to _________% of anthropogenic greenhouse ga emissions.

14.5

Globally, __________ of total GHG emissions are by livestock.

14.5%

How many children are stunted do to malnutrition?

161 million

What is the contribution of cattle to methane emissions in the United States?

2-3% in the US

When did COOL get repealed?

2015

Ruminants are responsible for _______ of global methane emissions.

30%

What percentage of global methane emissions are ruminants responsible for?

30%

How many hogs were estimated to die in China due to African Swine Fever?

300-350 million

What is the current population of the United States?

320 million

Milk consumption has decreased by ________

37%

The global population is expected to increase by ________ from 6.9 B to 9.6 B.

38%

How many packers are in the US?

4

__________ of deaths in children under 5 are linked to undernutrition.

45%

Ruminants supply _______ of all protein from the livestock sector, of which ________ and ______ is from milk and meat respectively.

51; 67; 33

How much of the US population is vegans and vegetarians?

6%

The organic market takes up ________ of the total food market and retail market?

6%

________ of ground beef at supermarkets contains Pink Slime.

70%

Out of ________ poor people that live in rural and marginal areas, about __________ are estimated to be poor livestock farmers who are for the most part rear ruminant animals.

729 million; 430 million

What percentage of new and emerging human diseases are zoonotic?

75%

Methane traps ____ times more heat than CO2.

84

The U.S. population is projected to grow by __________ residents from 2010 to 2050.

89 million

What are ionophores?

A class of antibiotics that are used in cattle production to shift luminal fermentation patterns

What is COOL?

A labeling law that requires retailers to notify their customers

What is pink slime?

A product made from lean finely textured beef

Although stunting rates are declining globally, where are they continuing to increase?

Africa

What country's population is projected to increase the most?

Africa

Which continent is expected to have the greatest population growth?

Africa

Describe the changes in Chicken among meat production that are expected globally from 2017 to 2020.

An obvious increase from 2017 to 2020; Increase of Beef and Chicken due to African Swine Fever

In a presentation, how should your voice be?

Aubible and have flexion

Who invented Pink Slime?

BPI - Beef Products Inc

Why are ionophores not regulated?

Because of their specificity, they are not used in medically relevant human applications, so they are not currently regulated under the VFD

What is the fundamental problem of nutrition?

Carbohydrates and Sugar

Why do other countries not like COOL?

Cattle will be worth less

What is the primary driver of sustainability?

Climate change and the carbon gas footprint

What is the great potential for catastrophic loss in regards to livestock?

Climate change and the emergence of global pandemics

Ionophores decrease the incidence of?

Coccidiosis, Bloat and Acidosis

What sector of the beed industry has the largest carbon foot-print?

Cow-Calf

When African Swine Fever broke out, what happened to China's pork consumption?

Decreased by 10-15%

Are plant-based meat alternatives used more in developing or developed countries?

Developed

What is the most reported disease is the most common resulting from unsafe food?

Diarrhea

What are animal rights?

Do not view animals as property nor treat them as such; Strongly opposed to idea of animals as property

What is US Beef Integrity?

Doesn't allow cattle born and raised in other countries to be processed in the USA to be labeled as "Product of USA"

What are the three main platforms of sustainability?

Economic, Social, Environment

What accounts for the most contribution to GHG emissions?

Energy

In a presentation, how should your eye contact be?

Engage the audience

Why are people beginning to think that reducing red meat consumption is not the healthiest choice?

Evidence is too weak that suggests people should decrease their red meat consumption

True or False: Ionophores are bactericidal.

False

True or False: Ruminant production systems with high productivity lose more energy per unit of animal product than those with lower productivity.

False

Describe the trend in methane concentrations prior to 1900.

Farily stable

What type of system are ionophores used the most in?

Feedlots

How does Walmart accomplish their "sustainability" goals?

Focusing on food wastage and renewable energy

How does Whole Foods accomplish their "sustainability" goals?

Focusing on the supply chain

Which segment gets the largest share of the food dollar in the US?

Food services

What is the highest ongoing burden in regards to livestock?

Food-borne disease

What are natural foods?

Foods that are minimally processed and has had "no hormones"

Why do Cow-Calf ranchers support COOL?

Gives more money for their calves

What does bacteriocidal mean?

Having the capability to kill bacteria

Why are animal-source foods a good reason to be given to pregnancy women and children?

High digestibility with nutrients at sufficient levels

What is the keto diet?

High in fat, low in carbohydrates, supplies adequate protein

What does contagious mean?

How easily spread

What is virulence?

How potent a virus is, how ill does it make you

What is fetal programming?

If mothers are nutrient deficient while pregnant, their offspring will be born with many problems up into adulthood

Why are ionophores added to feed?

Improves feed efficiency

What is malnutrition?

Inadequate or excess vitamins/minerals, over weight, or obese

What factors have contributed to farm production receiving less of the food dollar?

Increase labor costs and increased feed cost

What two factors will drive increased meat consumption globally over the next 30 years?

Increased population growth and increased personal income

What country replaced China as the world's most populous country?

India

What is anemia?

Iron and B12 deficiency

What countries will decrease in population?

Japan, Russia and Germany

What was the most googled diet in 2018?

Keto

What is an epidemic?

Large, massive outbreak

Describe the trends in consumption of yogurt, skimmed milk, and liquid whole milk.

Liquid whole milk declines gradually over time while yogurt and skimmed milk become more popular and increase in consumption

What is the primary source of income in low and middle-income countries?

Livestock

What can lead to the emergence of zoonotic diseases?

Livestock production, especially in intensive systems when accompanied by land-use change

What is underweight?

Low body weight for a given age

What is wasting?

Low body weight relative to height

What is stunting?

Low height relative to age

What was found in the serum of stunted children in Malawi?

Lower levels of several essential amino acids commonly deficient in non animal proteins

How can we limit emissions from livestock?

Make them more efficient

Who supplies the largest burger market?

McD's

What is the most abmission of GHG?

Methane

In a presentation, how should your posture be?

Movement and hand gestures

What does "stamping out" mean?

Movement control + Euthanasia to control the spread of infection by controlling the movement of hogs

What is food insecurity?

Not knowing where or when your next meal will come from for your health and nutrition

Why is it important to have adequate quantity and quality of nutrients from the time of conception to 2 years of age?

Not only to survive, but to thrive throughout life

What is hunger?

Not receiving enough nutrients to where you come malnourished and have physical ailments

Food security is shifting to __________

Nutrition Security

What can happen from a child not having a balanced diet?

Obesity

In developed countries, is it typical for people to have over nutrition or undernutrition?

Over

Describe the changes in Pork among meat production that are expected globally from 2017 to 2020.

Overall increase of African Swine Fever results in a decrease of pork in China and the rest of the world.

Name two organizations that oppose treating animals as property.

PETA and Humane Society of United States

What group advocates for plant-based foods?

Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine

How do plant-based meats differ from cellular-based meats?

Plant based meats do not come from animals and are used as meat alternatives that come from a completely different protein source. Cellular-based meats are derived from muscle that is grown in a lab from harvested live animal cells.

In developing countries, when will meat consumption and milk consumption increase?

Population increase and increased standard of living

What is the most common deficient nutrient?

Protein

How does pink slime have an additional food safety step?

Requires an ammonium wash

Why are studies in nutrition science hard to accomplish?

Requires the use of humans

What are examples of Ionophores?

Rumensin, Bovatec

How do ionophores function?

Selects against or negatively affect the metabolism of gram-positive bacteria and protozoa in the rumen

Describe the changes in Beef among meat production that are expected globally from 2017 to 2020.

Slight increase of production in both China and Rest of the world

How would you describe the trend in methane concentrations after 1950?

Steadily increasing

Milk is believed to do what in children?

Stimulate growth (height)

What does endemic mean?

Sustain itself - has a host

Even though Brazil and India have the most cattle globally, why does the US produce the most beef?

The US finishes cattle earlier due to feedlots

What is animal rights?

The belief that animals are not property and should not be utilized for any reason.

What is animal welfare?

The belief that animals should be free of any suffering

True or False: Animal proteins have a more balanced essential amino-acid profile relative to human tissue.

True

True or False: Children with access to animal-sourced foods see a decrease in stuntedness?

True

True or False: Ionophores are classified an an antibiotic, but they are not therapeutic antibiotics.

True

True or False: Ionophores target specific bacteria.

True

True or False: Public speaking is in the top 5 of people's most scared things.

True

What is the federal regulator in regards to animals for disease control?

USDA APHS (Animal, Plant and Health Service)

What 6 countries contain half the World's population?

United States, Brazil, Pakistan, India, China and Indonesia

Why are ionophores considered antibiotics?

Used to modify the permeability of biological membranes toward certain ions

What is Animal Welfare?

View animals as property, but focuses on the treatment of animals; obligated to have humane treatment

Why did whole milk consumption decline?

War on fat

What is undernutrition?

Wasting, stunting and underweight

What is the biggest cause of change?

When market price is connected

What is the double burden of malnutrition?

Where nutrient deficiencies lead to muscle wasting and a simultaneous increase is adiposity

What store is deemed as American's Healthiest grocery store?

Whole Foods

What is a veterinary feed directive?

a drug intended for use in or on feed which is approved for use under the supervision of a licensed vet