Assessment and Evaluation Test 1

b. Use multiple scorers

If a counselor intends to hand score an assessment, it is recommended that he or she do which of the following? a. Supplement with a computer-based interpretation b. Use multiple scorers c. Readminister the assessment d. None of the above

Objective tests

Include questions that have a correct answer (e.g., multiple-choice, true/false, matching). These tests provide consistency in administration and scoring to ensure freedom from the examiner's own belief or biases. Some objective tests might be standardized, while others are nonstandardized (depending on the development of the test and the establishment of norming groups for score comparisons).

a. Precontemplation

Individuals who seek counseling in what stage usually do so at the insistence of someone else? a. Precontemplation b. Contemplation c. Preparation d. Maintenance

Intelligence tests

Instruments that are designed to measure the mental capabilities of an individual. These assessments are also referred to as general ability tests.

b. Continuous

Open-ended questions on a survey measuring anxiety would likely assess that trait as which type of variable? a. Categorical b. Continuous c. Extraneous d. Ordinal

c. Monitoring client progress

Periodically identifying session themes across several sessions to identify trends is an example of which of the following? a. Observing client behaviors b. Assessing client outcomes c. Monitoring client progress d. Preparing a client for change

a. Categorical

Rating scales that require a forced choice during the observation of a particular behavior would classify as measuring what type of variable? a. Categorical b. Continuous c. Extraneous d. Ordinal

Performance tests

Tests that require the manipulation of objects with minimal verbal influences.

b. GRE

35. According to research on the assessments most frequently used among school counselors, which of the following does not rank in the top 15? a. ACT b. GRE c. SAT d. Conners' Rating Scales

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) of 1996.

Secures the privacy of client records by requiring agencies to obtain client consent before releasing records to others. HIPPA also grants clients access to their records.

c. Provides disadvantaged populations access to vocational assessment, counseling, and placement services

The Carl D. Perkins Act (Vocational Education Act of 1984) does which of the following? a. Ensures the confidentiality of student test record by restricting access to scores b. Mandates that students with disabilities receive an individualized education program (IEP) c. Provides disadvantaged populations access to vocational assessment, counseling, and placement services d. Secures the privacy of client records

d. None of the above

Which of the following states has seen a successful attempt to restrict test use among counselors? a. Louisiana b. Kentucky c. Iowa d. None of the above

a. Problem Orientation

Which problem-solving step is most characterized by client readiness to make change and address a problem? a. Problem Orientation b. Problem Identification c. Generation of Alternatives d. Decision Making

c. Generation of Alternatives

Which problem-solving step is most characterized by identifying client strengths? a. Problem Orientation b. Problem Identification c. Generation of Alternatives d. Decision Making

c. Generation of Alternatives

Which problem-solving step is most linked to goal setting? a. Problem Orientation b. Problem Identification c. Generation of Alternatives d. Decision Making

d. Nonstandardized assessment

Which type of assessment is most likely to consider environmental factors of the test taker? a. Power test b. Speed test c. Standardized assessment d. Nonstandardized assessment

b. Semantic differential

Which type of instrument scale is based on the belief that people think dichotomously? a. Guttman b. Semantic differential c. Likert d. Thurstone

Testing

a process of giving client tests and/or instruments

Standardized tests

tests designed to ensure the conditions for administration, test content, scoring procedures, and interpretations are consistent. They use predetermined administration instructions and scoring methods. Because standardized tests undergo a rigorous empirical validation process, they have a greater degree of score reliability and validity. Therefore, scores from standardized tests may be compared to a norm group.

Subjective tests

these tests are sensitive to rater and examinee beliefs. They employ open-ended questions, which may have more than one correct response or more than one way of expressing a correct response (e.g., open-ended, short-answer or essay questions).

a. Verification

22. Which problem-solving step is most closely linked to a counselor's evaluation of a particular client intervention? a. Verification b. Problem Identification c. Generation of Alternatives d. Decision Making

d. None of the above

23. When did the earliest form of assessment appear? a. Mid-1600s b. Late-1700s c. Mid-1800s d. None of the above

Instrument

An Assessment tool that typically is not related to grading. In this book, instruments include tests, scales, checklists, and inventories.

Achievement tests

An assessment in which the person has "achieved" knowledge, information, or skills through instruction, training, or experience. Achievement tests measure acquired knowledge and do not make any predictions about the future.

Test

An individual instrument in which the focus is on evaluation.

Affective instrument

An instrument that assesses interest, attitudes, values, motives, temperaments, and the noncognitive aspects of personality.

b. Rosenthal effect

As a counselor works with a couple and administers a marital satisfaction inventory, he notes how well the couple will score, given their recent reports in counseling. What type of error has been introduced? a. Range of restriction b. Rosenthal effect c. Stereotype threat d. Decay

b. Assessing client outcomes

Comparing pre- and posttest scores on a career maturity inventory during a termination session is an example of which of the following? a. Observing client behaviors b. Assessing client outcomes c. Monitoring client progress d. Preparing a client for change

c. Standardized score reports

Computer-based test interpretations (CBTIs) are most likely to provide which of the following? a. Individualized score reports b. Situational information for interpretation c. Standardized score reports d. All of the above

c. Client self-monitoring

Which of the following assessment tools can be used as an intervention within itself? a. Client satisfaction forms b. Client self-report scales c. Client self-monitoring d. Rating scales

a. Anchoring

Which of the following describes placing too much emphasis on information obtained early in the interview? a. Anchoring b. Availability c. Diagnosing d. Attribution

a. AARC

Which of the following divisions is actively involved in publishing assessment standards? a. AARC b. JCTP c. ADA d. RUST

a. Clients may terminate prematurely from counseling

Which of the following is a danger in not engaging in monitoring client progress? a. Clients may terminate prematurely from counseling b. Counselors may change the interventions they planned to use c. Counselors could test clients too often d. Client outcomes may not be reliable

a. It offers most clients a more efficient way of self-administering a test

Which of the following is a key benefit of using technology in testing? a. It offers most clients a more efficient way of self-administering a test b. It is a low-cost method of administering intelligence tests c. It provides more psychometric information to the client than paper-and-pencil tests d. None of the above

c. Extraneous Variable

Which of the following is also known as a confounding variable? a. Dichotomous variable b. Continuous variable c. Extraneous variable d. Ordinal variable

d. All of the above

Which of the following may constitute ethical concerns in testing? a. The way test results are stored b. The type of service a client receives regarding test results c. The disclosure of test results d. All of the above

c. Using an outdated tool to evaluate client symptoms

Which of the following most qualifies as unethical practice during the assessment process? a. Disclosing test results to an insurance company supplied by the client b. Including psychometric evidence from earlier versions of assessment tools c. Using an outdated tool to evaluate client symptoms d. Receiving additional training on a tool prior to test interpretation

a. FACT

Which of the following organizations advocates for greater test access within the counseling profession? a. FACT b. RUST c. JCTP d. NCME

a. Tests in Print

Which of the following sources does not provide counselors with test reviews? a. Tests in Print b. Mental Measurements Yearbook c. Tests d. Test Critiques

a. Certification

Which of the following ways can assessment be used to classify clients? a. Certification b. Self-awareness c. Theory development d. Treatment planning

Psychological test

an objective and standardized measure of a sample behavior

Appraisal

another term for assessment

General ability test

another term for intelligence test

d. Decision Making

21. Which problem-solving step involves assessing the probability of success for solving a problem? a. Verification b. Problem Identification c. Generation of Alternatives d. Decision Making

d. all of the above

1. Which of the following is likely something counselors would investigate during the assessment process? a. Client depression b. Evaluation of a study skills group c. High school dropout rate d. All of the above

d. Personality

2. Which of the following categories of assessments would most likely be used to measure personal traits? a. Intelligence b. Ability c. Career d. Personality

a. Precontemplation

A client at which stage of change is least likely to benefit from the assessment process? a. Precontemplation b. Maintenance c. Contemplation d. Preparation

c. Grade point average

A college counselor interested in evaluating disordered eating in a student would be most interested in which example of biodata? a. Heart rate b. Weight c. Grade point average d. Purging frequency

c. extraneous

A counselor is engaged in a program evaluation of a smoking cessation group. If group members are engaged in other types of cessation methods, those methods could likely be considered which type of variable? a. Categorical b. Continuous c. Extraneous d. Ordinal

Score

A number or letter that is the product of a client taking an assessment. A score cannot be interpreted without additional information about the assessment.

Assessment

A procedure for gathering client information that is used to facilitate clinical decisions, provide clients rather than proxies or estimators of actual learning.

d. All of the above

A test is considered to be standardized if: a. Objective scoring is used b. There are uniform procedures for test administration c. Representative norm groups are used during test interpretation d. All of the above

Aptitude test

A test that provides a prediction about the individual's future performance or ability to learn based on his or her performance on the test. Aptitude tests often predict either future academic or vocational/career performance.

Projective techniques

A type of personality assessment that provides the client with a relatively ambiguous stimulus, thus encouraging a nonstructured response. The assumption underlying these techniques is that the individual will project his or her personality into the response. The interpretation of projective techniques is subjective and requires extensive training in the technique.

c. Monitoring client progress

Administering a session rating scale is an example of which of the following? a. Observing client behaviors b. Assessing client outcomes c. Monitoring client progress d. Preparing a client for change

Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA).

Confirms the right of students, believed to have a disability, to receive testing at the expense of the public school system. The act further mandates that students with disabilities receive an IEP that specifies the accommodations a student will receive to optimize learning.

c. Stereotype threat

During the administration of an ability test, the administrator informs individuals that the test is intended to measure verbal ability—a construct most of the group has internalized as inadequate within themselves. What type of error has been introduced? a. Range of restriction b. Rosenthal effect c. Stereotype threat d. Decay

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA).

Ensures the confidentiality of student test records by restricting access to scores. At the same time, this law affirms the rights of both student and parent to view student records.

d. Decay

Failing to note instances of aggression in a classroom observation after increasing the amount of observation is an example of what type of rater error? a. Range of restriction error b. Halo effect c. Drift d. Decay

a. Range of restriction error

Failing to note instances of aggression in a classroom observation because of rating all students as behaving "normally" is an example of what type of rater error? a. Range of restriction error b. Halo effect c. Drift d. Decay

d. Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education

The Joint Committee on Testing Practices sponsored which of the following documents? a. Responsible Users of Standardized Tests b. Position Statement on High Stakes Testing c. Standards for Multicultural Assessment d. Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education

c. C

The Rorschach Inkblot Test is an example of what level of test? a. A b. B c. C d. D

c. Clients

The restriction to test access most affects which of the following? a. Psychologists b. Counselors c. Clients d. Social workers

c. C

The test level involving the most qualifications is likely which of the following? a. A b. B c. C d. D

Nonstandardized tests

These tests do not permit the comparison of individual scores with a norm group because test administrators are allowed to vary and/or adapt the procedures for test administration, scoring, and interpretation.

Power tests

These tests measure how well the test-taker can perform given items of varying difficulty regardless of the time or speed of responding. This limits perfect scores by including difficult test items that few individuals can answer correctly.

Speed tests

These tests typically have easy questions that most everyone can answer correctly, but include too many items to answer in the allotted time. Speed tests assess how quickly the test-taker can understand the question and choose the correct response.

d. None of the above

When conducting research using assessments, counselors engage in ethical research by doing which of the following? a. Disclosing fully the purpose of the research study and their expectations b. Encouraging research participation among their clients c. Obtaining assent from parents of minors d. None of the above

d. Response to intervention

Which example of monitoring client progress is most likely found in school settings? a. Feedback-enhanced therapy b. Treatment failure modification c. Evaluating stages of change d. Response to intervention

b. Intelligence

24. Brass instruments were used as tools in what early form of assessment? a. Ability b. Intelligence c. Career d. Personality

a. Individual differences

25. One of the successes in early intelligence assessment was the discovery of which of the following? a. Individual differences b. Group differences c. Eugenics d. Statistics

d. All of the above

26. Which of the following variables was historically evaluated during intelligence testing? a. Head size b. Reaction time c. Hand squeeze d. All of the above

D. James Cattell

27. Who coined the term mental test? a. Charles Darwin b. Francis Galton c. Wilhelm Wundt d. James Cattell

d. Both a and b

28. Which of the following is associated with cultural bias in intelligence testing? a. Goddard's intelligence testing at the Vineland Training School b. Galton's eugenics movement c. Knox's testing with immigrants d. Both a and b

c. Army Beta

29. Which of the following intelligence tests is associated with group intelligence testing? a. Stanford-Binet Scale b. Sequin form board c. Army Beta d. Scholastic Aptitude Test

d. Personality

3. Which of the following categories of assessments would most likely be used to measure attitudes? a. Intelligence b. Ability c. Career d. Personality

d. Ability

30. Which type of test was in increasing demand as careers became more specialized in the United States? a. Individual intelligence b. Group intelligence c. Personality d. Ability

c. Counsel school youth on vocational and social needs

31. The Boston Vocational Bureau was established to do which of the following? a. Screen potential recruits for flight engineers b. Assist adults with intellectual disabilities c. Counsel school youth on vocational and social needs d. Develop advances in career assessment for urban centers

b. Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery

32. What is considered the most widely used ability test in the world? a. Kuder Preference Record b. Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery c. Strong Vocational Interest Blank d. Strong Interest Inventory

a. Kuder Preference Record

33. Which of the following assessments is not considered a projective test? a. Kuder Preference Record b. Rorschach Inkblot Test c. House-Tree-Person d. Thematic Apperception Test

d. Woodcock-Johnson Personality Test

34. According to research on the assessments most frequently used among mental health counselors, which of the following does not rank in the top 15? a. Beck Depression Inventory b. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator c. Mini-Mental State Examination d. Woodcock-Johnson Personality Test

d. Opinion questionnaire

36. An example of S-data would most likely yield from which form of assessment? a. Teacher rating scale b. School dropout rates c. Reaction time d. Opinion questionnaire

b. O-data

37. A family interview included as part of an intake process for an individual struggling with depression would be considered which type of data? a. S-data b. O-data c. F-data d. None of the above

b. Nomothetic

38. The Beck Depression Inventory is an example of what kind of an assessment? a. Idiographic b. Nomothetic c. Ipsative d. Norm-referenced (KNOW ALL THESE TERMS)

b. Ability

4. Which of the following categories of assessments would most likely be used to measure information acquired in a particular content domain? a. Intelligence b. Ability c. Career d. Personality

c. Career

5. Which of the following categories of assessments would most likely be used to measure interests? a. Intelligence b. Ability c. Career d. Personality

a. Intelligence

6. Which of the following categories of assessments would most likely be used to measure general cognitive ability? a. Intelligence b. Ability c. Career d. Personality

d. All of the above

7. Tests can be used to measure current performance or attributes, which can be compared to: a. A criterion b. Previous performance c. A normative sample d. All of the above

d. None of the above

8. Scales of measurement common in the social sciences include which of the following? a. Time b. Mass c. Temperature d. None of the above

a. Variable

9. Which of the following is a measurement label that takes on more than one value? a. Variable b. Psychometric item c. Test d. Measure

A. Categorical

Hair color is an example of which type of variable? a. Categorical b. Continuous c. Extraneous d. Ordinal

b. Continuous

Height is an example of which type of variable? a. Categorical b. Continuous c. Extraneous d. Ordinal

a. Be sensitive to measuring change in client symptomatology

One of the most useful characteristics of an assessment in terms of monitoring client progress is its ability to: a. Be sensitive to measuring change in client symptomatology b. Include an opportunity to identify immediate client goals c. Have longitudinal data supporting the tool d. Provide visual data for clients

b. Career counseling

Assessment standards are currently available for counselors engaged in which of the following areas of counseling? a. School counseling b. Career counseling c. Forensic counseling d. None of the above

Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the 1972, 1978, and 1991 amendments.

Assessments used to determine employability must relate strictly to the duties outlined in the job description and cannot discriminate based on race, color, religion, pregnancy, gender, or national origin.

b. Halo effect

Failing to note instances of aggression in a classroom observation because of using previous experiences with a student to make judgments is an example of what type of rater error? a. Range of restriction error b. Halo effect c. Drift d. Decay

c. Drift

Failing to note instances of aggression in a classroom observation because the way in which aggression is "counted" is redefined is an example of what type of rater error? a. Range of restriction error b. Halo effect c. Drift d. Decay

Structured personality instruments

Formalized assessments in which clients respond to a fixed set of questions or items.

a. ACA

Which professional organization was not responsible for developing the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing? a. ACA b. APA c. NCME d. AERA

d. Nonstandardized assessment

Which type of assessment is most intended to facilitate client self-awareness? a. Power test b. Speed test c. Standardized assessment d. Nonstandardized assessment