Assessment in counseling Quiz 2
James is analyzing data for his final class. His teacher asked him to conduct a Pearson r test and to interpret the result. When calculating the Pearson r James determined the increase of one variable correlates with a strong decrease of the other variable. What is the MOST likely value of the Pearson r Coefficient?
0.87
Which of the following statements below is NOT correct?
Direct observation tests are used to measure your interests, values, strengths, and weaknesses.
Many career counselors trace the origins of career assessment back to:
Frank Parsons
Which of these represents an advantage of norm-referenced tests?
It can make up for mistakes in writing the test.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
It is common for more than one psychological test to be administered in certain settings.
If an assessment has reliability:
It may or may not have validity
Which of the following is NOT one of the nine common types of psychological tests?
Recreational
What is the best way to prepare for an achievement test?
Studying
_______ refers to manuals, instruments, protocols, test questions or stimuli that are used in standardized assessments.
Testing materials
Which of these is an objective personality test?
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Most objective personality tests are made to partially evaluate what?
The educational level of a subject
Most objective personality tests are made to partially evaluate what?
The validity of a subject's responses
Which of the following is NOT considered a standard Intelligence Quotient test, but a personality test?
Thematic Apperception Test
________ refers to the likely presumed cause of a child's difficulties.
etiology
The CAT was designed:
for use with children 3-10 years old
We need to determine if the client will be able to follow along with prepared counseling texts. What kind of assessment should be done?
functional
What do achievement tests evaluate?
knowledge or mastery of a subject
__________ tests can be considered to be synonymous with personality testing and can provide a great deal of clinical information when administered with children and adolescents.
projective
What is the range of the coefficient value?
-1.00 to 1.00
A score at the 50th percentile is approximately how many standard deviations above the mean?
0
A score at the 98th percentile is approximately how many standard deviations above the mean?
2
Approximately what percentage of scores falls below the mean. in a standard normal distribution?
50%
What is aptitude?
A person's natural talent or ability to learn a subject
________ ________ occurs when predictions or decisions are overly dependent on initial impressions and later information is discounted, even if the new information is in disagreement with the initial impressions.
Anchoring heuristic
Jo said to Collin, "We will give Trevor Assessments X, Y, and Z and we will know his diagnosis by the end of the day." What is wrong with the statement that Jo said to Collin?
Assessments don't diagnose
________ ________ occur when clinicians attempt to estimate the probability of an event based on the ease with which the event came to mind.
Availability heuristic
The Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale measures the confidence that individuals have in their ability to make career decisions. It is based on instrument drawn from which of the following theorist?
Bandura
__________ refers to the degree that construct-irrelevant factors systematically affect a group's performance.
Bias testing
The Behavior Assessment for Children (BASC) is used in screening and evaluating students because it contains _______.
Both ratings scales and self-report scales
How do projective personality tests work?
By exposing a subject to ambiguous stimuli and observing their responses
The most commonly used qualitative career assessment is the _______ ______ _______.
Career Story Interview
_________ - _________ - _________ model of cognitive abilities is one one of the more influential contemporary theories, which evolved from the work of three theorists.
Cattell-Horn-Carroll
_______ means that many areas of functioning are being assessed, assessments should be conducted using multiple techniques, and assessments should obtain information from many sources.
Comprehensive
The NEO-PI-3 is based on a considerable amount of research that indicates that personality can best be described by all the following EXCEPT:
Consideration
If a doctor decides to test the effectiveness of a new pain cream on chronic migraine sufferers, how could he address the question of construct validity?
Ensure he is measuring the participants' pain and not other factors, such as anxiety or numbness
Which of the following is an important ethical principle that guides clinical assessments?
Explaining the results to the individual being tested in developmentally appropriate language.
Joe is doing an analysis of data for his Economics 104 class. He has the value of the foreign direct investment and political stability of one country. What could he learn about this relationship from the Pearson Coefficient?
How strong the relationship is
The MMPI-3 was published in January 2022. Billy reached out to Jerome, a LCMHC to administer the personality assessment, MMPI-2, which Jerome agrees to administer. Which of the following statements is TRUE based on Jerome's decision to administer this assessment?
Jerome is not practicing ethically because the assessment is obsolete and outdated.
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a widely used instrument that is based on which of the following theories.
Jungian
In the case of ______ v _____ it was shown that intelligence tests could not be used with African American children because they discriminated against these children by labeling them as mentally retarded.
Larry v Riles
When conducting psychological assessment with people who have disabilities it is essential for counselors to do all the following EXCEPT:
Make the person with disabilities not be seen as a person with differences.
________ disorders are _______ patterns of inner experience and behaviors that are inflexible and maladaptive and cause significant functional impairment or distress.
Personality . . . enduring
Alex has a diagnosis of ADHD and the research suggest that which of the following statements is MOST true.
The most common co-occurring problem for children with a diagnosis of ADHD often have occurring problems with conduct problems and aggression. Children having problems in one area will be at risk of having problems in other areas of adjustment. -Children with ADHD will often have a learning disability or be an under-achiever academically.
In the standard normal distribution:
approximately 95% of all scores fall between plus and minus two standard deviations from the mean.
Projective personality tests:
are structured
The National Academies definition for ___________ and ___________ risk defines the construct as early symptosm of disorders that could eventually result in special education placement or mental health treatment.
behavioral and emotional
Whiston (2017) states that for counselors to understand the current trends in achievement testing they also should understand that the educational standards and the ________ ________ _______ standard in public education.
common core state
Frick et al. (2020) cite Píacentini et al. (1992) and label systems in which one source of information is weighed more heavily than others is known as _____ .
complex schemes
A group of Black, White, Asian, and Latino Americans review several different items on an assessment and the individuals of color are greatly offended by most of the items on the assessment. Which of the following would be true of this assessment?
content validity bias
To accurately assess a child's emotional and behavioral functioning a clinical assessor much also assess the _____ demands that could influence a child's behavior.
contextual
Jennifer took a test in school that indicated that she was doing very well in reading but was having trouble with assignments that involved writing papers. She probably took what kind of test?
criterion referenced
Behavioral assessments would be good for which of the following reasons?
determining the likelihood of sex offenders reoffending
Which of the following is a new DSM-5 diagnosis that is characterized by severe and recurrent temper outburst, which can be either verbal or behavioral, and are grossly out of proportion in intensity or duration to the situation or provocation?
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
As a child develops cognitively, he or she is better able to report on abstract concepts of ______ and ______.
emotions . . . thoughts
If a score is equal to the mean, its z score will be:
exactly zero
Frick et al. (2020) suggests that children who are younger than 8 or 9 years old are unreliable sources when reporting __________ and ____________ problems.
externalizing and internalizing
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
he Hopelessness Scale for Children is a neuropsychological test.
Billy thinks he has problems with obsessive compulsive disorder and makes an appointment with a psychologist. She walks through a questionnaire and diagnoses Billy with panic attacks. Billy is unwilling to accept her diagnosis, so he schedules an appointment with a second psychologist. He talks with Billy and administers the same standard questionnaire and diagnoses Billy with panic attacks. The questionnaire that was used by both psychologists exhibits which of the following?
high inter-rater reliability
Margie is a LCMHC who has been treating a George, who has several mental disorder diagnoses. When Margie lists George's diagnoses she lists them ______ of importance.
in ascending order of importance
The mean of a standardization sample:
is a norm
Frick et al. (2020) indicates that when any clinical services are done with a child or adolescent it is both a ______ and ______ obligation to obtain informed consent to administer clinical services.
legal . . . ethical
Frick et al. (2017) suggests that the level of ______ _______ and overt marital conflict in the home is shown to be important in understanding children's functioning.
marital discord
According to the APA (2013), _______ disorders are defined in relations to culture, social, and familial norms and values, so clinicians need to be sensitive to cultural issues when diagnosing clients.
mental
The most commonly used systems to diagnosis ______ ______ is _______, and another system used is _______ also related to relevant disorders:
mental disorders . . . DSM-5 . . . ICD-10
An area of assessment that is related to cognitive impairments is a ________ assessment, that concerns assessing the behavioral effects of possible brain injury or damage.
neuropsychological
A test that compares each person with a norm is called:
norm-referenced test
Frick et al. (2020) states that the basic components of the ______ _____ is broken down into four areas--what, where, how, and by whom.
observational systems
Frick et al. (2020) states that the basic components of the __________ __________ is broken down into four areas--what, where, how, and by whom.
observational systems
Harry has a client who does not fully meet the criteria for a diagnosis and instead he gives a diagnosis of either ________ or ________ disorder.
other specified or unspecified
To rank group members in relationship to the number of other members of groups of arbitrary size, you would use the:
percentile rank
observational systems
pessimism
Income in the U.S. is an example of what kind of distribution?
positively skewed
Your test suggests that among projective tests that over interpret data without sufficient empirical foundation, the worst offenders are:
projective drawing tests
At the beginning of a _________ ________ there is a identifying information that is collected by the examiner about the examinee.
psychiatric report and psychoeducational report
Frick et al. (2020) describes a ________ ________ as something that occurs when a schema is accessed by a given characteristic to the exclusion of other schemas.
representative heuristic
Whiston (2017) says that some counselors view _______-_______ is a construct that is closely related to personality, while others see it as a unique aspect of an individual.
self-concept
Frick et al. (2020) note that clinical accessors who work with older children, adolescents, or adults tend to use a traditional approach to assessment that relies heavily on ______.
self-report
Peer-referenced assessments can incorporate _________ ________ what are a type of peer nomination that determines whether a child is accepted, rejected, or neglected by his or her peers.
sociometric exercises
To establish norms, a large group of people are being given a test under the same conditions in which the test will be used. This group is called a (an) ________ group.
standardization
Jeremy lost his job very unexpectedly last year, and for a short while he was not as confident as usual. This change in his level of confidence was representative of a(n):
state
Which of the following Pearson Coefficients is MOST statistically significant?
A coefficient with a p-value of 0.01
All students applying to a bachelor's degree program in nursing must pass a final examination at the end of their sophomore year. Anyone who scores at least 80% on the exam will be considered for acceptance into the final two years of the program. The test is difficult and is written to identify the most academically prepared students. This type of exam would be considered an example of:
A criterion-referenced test
Which of these is an example of test-retest reliability?
A scale that gives the same measurement each time
_________ disorders known as "Delirium, Dementia and Amnestic and Other Cognitive Disorders" and are ________ conducted by counselors.
Neurocognitive . . . rarely
Two common ways to score assessments are:
Norm-referenced and criterion-referenced
Sandy wants to compare her height and weight to the national average for women in her age bracket. What type of measurement should she be using?
Norm-referenced test
How are objective personality tests different from projective personality tests?
Objective personality tests rely on restricted answers and statistical analyses
Which statement is NOT true concerning the projective hypothesis?
One person's response to a vague or ambiguous stimulus generally tends to be like another person's. Humans tend to find measuring in a vague or ambiguous stimulus. An individual's interpretation of a vague or ambiguous stimulus reflects his or her own characteristics. When a young child looks at his own shadow and views it as fearsome, he is projecting.
Zoe needs to analyze the strength of the relationship between two variables. What is the correct name for the test she needs to conduct?
Pearson r
Which of the following is NOT a problem with Figure Drawing Tests?
They can be a useful addition to a test battery.
If the validity of a test's interpretation are not equally valid across different groups which of the following statements is TRUE?
This is evidence of test bias.
This theorist proposed a model of intelligence that had several primary mental abilities, instead of a solitary factor.
Thurstone
Why would a college require new students to take an achievement test?
To confirm if a student has mastered certain subjects to be successful in college
What is the purpose of a projective personality test?
To uncover hidden emotions or attitudes that are impacting the subject's life
What is the best way to prepare for an aptitude test?
Utilizing mental exercises on a frequent basis
A clinical assessor should has as his or her primary focus as it relates to the tests scores obtained from an administration to be which of the following?
accurate interpretation
An _________ test provides information about what an individual has learned and knowledge that is acquired.
achievement
A trait is __________.
an enduring disposition that distinguishes one individual from another
