Assignment 1

The citric acid cycle and electron transport system are located in the Golgi apparatus. Answers: True False

False

Bilateral symmetry is characteristic of external body organization, but not necessarily of internal organization. Answers: True False

True

DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle? Answers: a. chromosome b. ribosome c. nucleus d. lysosome

c. nucleus

The engulfing of microbes by white blood cells is an example of: Answers: a. pinocytosis b. "cell drinking" c. phagocytosis d. exocytosis

c. phagocytosis

A DNA molecule is characterized by all of the following except: Answers: a. double helix shape b. phosphate groups c. ribose sugar d. obligatory base pairing

c. ribose sugar

A plane through the body that would divide the body into right and left sides is called: Answers: a. transverse b. coronal c. sagittal d. frontal

c. sagittal

Gap junctions are found in the small intestine. They allow molecules to flow between cells. Answers: True False

False

Generally, the more active a cell is, the fewer mitochondria it will contain. Answers: True False

False

Positive feedback maintains homeostasis by resisting or reducing any deviation from normal values. Answers: True False

False

Red blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution may be destroyed because the blood cells will lyse. Answers: True False

False

The frontal plane divides the body into right and left sides. Answers: True False

False

The functions of the nucleus are actually regulated by RNA. Answers: True False

False

The outer portion of the cell membrane is hydrophobic, or water loving. Answers: True False

False

The release of oxytocin during the birth of a baby, to stimulate labor, is an example of negative feedback. Answers: True False

False

The action of a gene is determined by the arrangement of the obligatory base pairs in the nucleotides composing a DNA molecule. Answers: True False

True

The cell's internal supporting framework is called the cytoskeleton. Answers: True False

True

The process of pinocytosis may be viewed as the cell drinking. Answers: True False

True

The umbilicus is the most often used surface landmark of the abdomen. Answers: True False

True

Tight junctions do not allow molecules to spread through the cracks between cells. Answers: True False

True

Visceral peritoneum refers to the membrane that covers the organs within the abdominal cavity. Answers: True False

True

Negative feedback mechanisms: Answers: a. all of these b. minimize changes in blood glucose levels c. are responsible for an increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body temperature d. maintain homeostasis

a. all of these

Diffusion: Answers: a. requires none of these b. requires a concentration gradient c. requires a semipermeable membrane d. requires ions

a. requires none of these

Enzymes that make essential chemical reactions occur are called: Answers: a. catalysts b. initiators c. catabolytes d. anabolytes

a. catalysts

Which of the following cellular extensions is used for cellular locomotion? Answers: a. flagella b. villi c. microvilli d. cilia

a. flagella

Negative feedback control systems: Answers: a. oppose a change b. have no effect on the deviation from set point c. accelerate a change

a. oppose a change

Each of the following is an example of the plasma membrane function except: Answers: a. production of proteins b. self-identification c. boundary d. receptor sites

a. production of proteins

The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the: Answers: a. right lung b. urinary bladder c. gallbladder d. kidneys

a. right lung

Positive feedback control systems: Answers: a. are identical to negative feedback control systems b. have no effect on the deviation from set point c. ignore a change d. accelerate a change

d. accelerate a change

The correct order of the phases of meiosis is: Answers: a. anaphase, telophase, metaphase, prophase b. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase c. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase d. none of these

d. none of these

Preparation of protein molecules for cellular exportation is the function of which of the following organelles? Answers: a. mitochondria b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. rough endoplasmic reticulum d. Golgi apparatus

d. Golgi apparatus

Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted? Answers: a. nucleolus b. mitochondrion c. ribosome d. Golgi apparatus

d. Golgi apparatus

Chromosomes become visible in this phase.

. prophase

A coronal section would divide the body into equal right and left halves. Answers: True False

False

Anatomy is the study of the functions of an organism and its parts, as opposed to the study of its structure. Answers: True False

False

A negative feedback control system produces a change opposite that which activated the system. Answers: True False

True

A solution may be defined as various solutes dissolved in a solvent. Answers: True False

True

An important function of the cell membrane is the maintenance of cell integrity. Answers: True False

True

Anaplasia is a state in which cells fail to differentiate into specialized cell types. Answers: True False

True

Cell connections called desmosomes are like Velcro holding cells together. Answers: True False

True

Cell specialization is a necessary characteristic in order for the human body to function as it does. Answers: True False

True

Glycolysis does not require oxygen, and is called anaerobic. Answers: True False

True

Heart muscle cells are joined by gap junctions to facilitate the movement of electrical impulses. Answers: True False

True

Hypertrophy refers to an increase in cell size, whereas hyperplasia refers to an increase in cell number. Answers: True False

True

In normal mitosis, the two daughter cells are identical genetically to the parent cell. Answers: True False

True

Meiosis is a process by which the normal chromosome number in humans stays consistent at 46 after fertilization. Answers: True False

True

Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances. Answers: True False

True

An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a(n): a. tissue b. organ c. system d. organism

a. tissue

chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.

anaphase

Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through: Answers: a. filtration b. active transport c. facilitated diffusion d. osmosis

b. active transport

Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of life? Answers: a. reproduction b. balance c. digestion d. circulation e. conductivity

b. balance

From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are: Answers: a. organism, chemical, tissue, cellular, organ, system, organelle b. chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism c. chemical, microscopic, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism d. organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, organelle, chemical

b. chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism

A plane through the body that would divide the body into anterior and posterior portions is: Answers: a. transverse b. coronal c. sagittal d. median

b. coronal

The structure in white blood cells associated with the enzymatic breakdown of foreign material is the: Answers: a. ribosome b. lysosome c. Golgi apparatus d. centriole

b. lysosome

Several kinds of tissues working together is termed a(n): Answers: a. organ system b. organ c. organism d. plasma membrane

b. organ

The major function of ribosomes is to synthesize: Answers: a. fats b. proteins c. carbohydrates d. cholesterol

b. proteins

Cells placed in a hypertonic solution will: Answers: a. stay the same b. shrink c. swell

b. shrink

Homeostasis can best be described as: Answers: a. changes in body temperature b. adaptation to external environment c. a state of relative constancy d. a constant state maintained by living and nonliving organisms

c. a state of relative constancy

Humans have similar right and left sides of the body, at least superficially. This is an example of: Answers: a. ipsilateral position b. anatomical position c. bilateral symmetry d. anterior symmetry

c. bilateral symmetry

The basic unit of structure and function in the human body is a(n): Answers: a. DNA molecule b. atom c. cell d. gene

c. cell

Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are: Answers: a. flagella b. microvilli c. cilia d. microtubules

c. cilia

A sequence of three base pairs forms a: Answers: a. anticodon b. polypeptide bond c. codon d. amino acid

c. codon

A hypertonic solution is one that: Answers: a. contains the same concentration of solute as the cell b. contains a lesser concentration of solute than the cell c. contains a greater concentration of solute than the cell

c. contains a greater concentration of solute than the cell

Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane? Answers: a. receptor site for messages b. self-identification c. control center of the cell d. selective barrier

c. control center of the cell

The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of: Answers: a. diffusion b. dialysis c. filtration d. osmosis

c. filtration

An individual's entire set of DNA can be referred to as: Answers: a. cytokinesis b. chromatid c. genome d. chromosome

c. genome

Twenty-three chromosomes per cell is referred to as: Answers: a. dioid b. diploid c. haploid d. myoid

c. haploid

Which of the following is not true of RNA? Answers: a. it is a single strand b. the obligatory base pairs are adenine and uracil, and guanine and cytosine c. it contains deoxyribose sugar d. it contains uracil rather than thymine

c. it contains deoxyribose sugar

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a living substance? Answers: a. conductivity b. secretion c. stability d. reproduction

c. stability

The lungs are located in the: Answers: a. mediastinum b. abdominal cavity c. thoracic cavity d. cranial cavity

c. thoracic cavity

The plane which divides the individual into upper and lower parts is the: Answers: a. superficial plane b. frontal plane c. transverse plane d. sagittal plane

c. transverse plane

Two major cavities of the human body are: Answers: a. axial/appendicular b. visceral/parietal c. ventral/dorsal d. inferior/superior

c. ventral/dorsal

All of the following occur as a result of meiosis except: Answers: a. primitive sex cells become mature gametes b. unequal cytokinesis occurs in the process of oogenesis c. four sperm cells are formed d. chromosome number remains at 46

d. chromosome number remains at 46

All of the following are examples of passive transport except: Answers: a. dialysis b. osmosis c. filtration d. endocytosis

d. endocytosis

Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called: Answers: a. pinocytosis b. osmosis c. dialysis d. facilitated diffusion

d. facilitated diffusion

Which of the following best describes anatomy: a. examining the physiology of life b. using devices to investigate parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure c. studying the unusual manner in which an organism responds to painful stimuli d. investigating human structure via dissections and other methods

d. investigating human structure via dissections and other methods

Physiology: a. is concerned with organisms and does not deal with different levels of organization such as cells and systems b. investigates the body's structure c. recognizes the unchanging (as opposed to the dynamic) nature of things d. is the science that examines the function of living organisms and their parts

d. is the science that examines the function of living organisms and their parts

When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis? Answers: a. telophase b. anaphase c. prophase d. metaphase

d. metaphase

ATP production occurs within which organelle? Answers: a. Golgi apparatus b. rough endoplasmic reticulum c. flagellum d. mitochondrion

d. mitochondrion

Withdrawing from a painful stimulus is an example of: Answers: a. secretion b. growth c. excretion d. responsiveness

d. responsiveness

Metabolism refers to: Answers: a. an organization of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function b. the chemical basis of life c. a subdivision of physiology d. the sum total of all the physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body

d. the sum total of all the physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body

The correct arrangement of the phases of mitosis is: Answers: a. anaphase, telophase, metaphase, prophase b. none of these c. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase d. anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase e. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

e. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

The kind of RNA that carries information in groups of three nucleotides called codons, each of which codes for a specific amino acid.

mRNA

Chromosomes align along the equator of spindle fibers.

metaphase

associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis.

rRNA

The kind of RNA that has an anticodon and binds to a specific amino acid

tRNA

Chromosomes elongate into chromatin form and spindle fibers disappear.

telophase

Process that occurs when the double strands of a DNA segment separate, and RNA nucleotides pair with DNA nucleotides.

transcription

Process involving the synthesis of polypeptide chains at the ribosome in response to the information contained in mRNA molecules.

translation

Process involving the movement of the mRNA with respect to the ribosome.

translocation