Assignment 1
The citric acid cycle and electron transport system are located in the Golgi apparatus. Answers: True False
False
Bilateral symmetry is characteristic of external body organization, but not necessarily of internal organization. Answers: True False
True
DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle? Answers: a. chromosome b. ribosome c. nucleus d. lysosome
c. nucleus
The engulfing of microbes by white blood cells is an example of: Answers: a. pinocytosis b. "cell drinking" c. phagocytosis d. exocytosis
c. phagocytosis
A DNA molecule is characterized by all of the following except: Answers: a. double helix shape b. phosphate groups c. ribose sugar d. obligatory base pairing
c. ribose sugar
A plane through the body that would divide the body into right and left sides is called: Answers: a. transverse b. coronal c. sagittal d. frontal
c. sagittal
Gap junctions are found in the small intestine. They allow molecules to flow between cells. Answers: True False
False
Generally, the more active a cell is, the fewer mitochondria it will contain. Answers: True False
False
Positive feedback maintains homeostasis by resisting or reducing any deviation from normal values. Answers: True False
False
Red blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution may be destroyed because the blood cells will lyse. Answers: True False
False
The frontal plane divides the body into right and left sides. Answers: True False
False
The functions of the nucleus are actually regulated by RNA. Answers: True False
False
The outer portion of the cell membrane is hydrophobic, or water loving. Answers: True False
False
The release of oxytocin during the birth of a baby, to stimulate labor, is an example of negative feedback. Answers: True False
False
The action of a gene is determined by the arrangement of the obligatory base pairs in the nucleotides composing a DNA molecule. Answers: True False
True
The cell's internal supporting framework is called the cytoskeleton. Answers: True False
True
The process of pinocytosis may be viewed as the cell drinking. Answers: True False
True
The umbilicus is the most often used surface landmark of the abdomen. Answers: True False
True
Tight junctions do not allow molecules to spread through the cracks between cells. Answers: True False
True
Visceral peritoneum refers to the membrane that covers the organs within the abdominal cavity. Answers: True False
True
Negative feedback mechanisms: Answers: a. all of these b. minimize changes in blood glucose levels c. are responsible for an increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body temperature d. maintain homeostasis
a. all of these
Diffusion: Answers: a. requires none of these b. requires a concentration gradient c. requires a semipermeable membrane d. requires ions
a. requires none of these
Enzymes that make essential chemical reactions occur are called: Answers: a. catalysts b. initiators c. catabolytes d. anabolytes
a. catalysts
Which of the following cellular extensions is used for cellular locomotion? Answers: a. flagella b. villi c. microvilli d. cilia
a. flagella
Negative feedback control systems: Answers: a. oppose a change b. have no effect on the deviation from set point c. accelerate a change
a. oppose a change
Each of the following is an example of the plasma membrane function except: Answers: a. production of proteins b. self-identification c. boundary d. receptor sites
a. production of proteins
The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the: Answers: a. right lung b. urinary bladder c. gallbladder d. kidneys
a. right lung
Positive feedback control systems: Answers: a. are identical to negative feedback control systems b. have no effect on the deviation from set point c. ignore a change d. accelerate a change
d. accelerate a change
The correct order of the phases of meiosis is: Answers: a. anaphase, telophase, metaphase, prophase b. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase c. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase d. none of these
d. none of these
Preparation of protein molecules for cellular exportation is the function of which of the following organelles? Answers: a. mitochondria b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. rough endoplasmic reticulum d. Golgi apparatus
d. Golgi apparatus
Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted? Answers: a. nucleolus b. mitochondrion c. ribosome d. Golgi apparatus
d. Golgi apparatus
Chromosomes become visible in this phase.
. prophase
A coronal section would divide the body into equal right and left halves. Answers: True False
False
Anatomy is the study of the functions of an organism and its parts, as opposed to the study of its structure. Answers: True False
False
A negative feedback control system produces a change opposite that which activated the system. Answers: True False
True
A solution may be defined as various solutes dissolved in a solvent. Answers: True False
True
An important function of the cell membrane is the maintenance of cell integrity. Answers: True False
True
Anaplasia is a state in which cells fail to differentiate into specialized cell types. Answers: True False
True
Cell connections called desmosomes are like Velcro holding cells together. Answers: True False
True
Cell specialization is a necessary characteristic in order for the human body to function as it does. Answers: True False
True
Glycolysis does not require oxygen, and is called anaerobic. Answers: True False
True
Heart muscle cells are joined by gap junctions to facilitate the movement of electrical impulses. Answers: True False
True
Hypertrophy refers to an increase in cell size, whereas hyperplasia refers to an increase in cell number. Answers: True False
True
In normal mitosis, the two daughter cells are identical genetically to the parent cell. Answers: True False
True
Meiosis is a process by which the normal chromosome number in humans stays consistent at 46 after fertilization. Answers: True False
True
Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances. Answers: True False
True
An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a(n): a. tissue b. organ c. system d. organism
a. tissue
chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.
anaphase
Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through: Answers: a. filtration b. active transport c. facilitated diffusion d. osmosis
b. active transport
Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of life? Answers: a. reproduction b. balance c. digestion d. circulation e. conductivity
b. balance
From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are: Answers: a. organism, chemical, tissue, cellular, organ, system, organelle b. chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism c. chemical, microscopic, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism d. organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, organelle, chemical
b. chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism
A plane through the body that would divide the body into anterior and posterior portions is: Answers: a. transverse b. coronal c. sagittal d. median
b. coronal
The structure in white blood cells associated with the enzymatic breakdown of foreign material is the: Answers: a. ribosome b. lysosome c. Golgi apparatus d. centriole
b. lysosome
Several kinds of tissues working together is termed a(n): Answers: a. organ system b. organ c. organism d. plasma membrane
b. organ
The major function of ribosomes is to synthesize: Answers: a. fats b. proteins c. carbohydrates d. cholesterol
b. proteins
Cells placed in a hypertonic solution will: Answers: a. stay the same b. shrink c. swell
b. shrink
Homeostasis can best be described as: Answers: a. changes in body temperature b. adaptation to external environment c. a state of relative constancy d. a constant state maintained by living and nonliving organisms
c. a state of relative constancy
Humans have similar right and left sides of the body, at least superficially. This is an example of: Answers: a. ipsilateral position b. anatomical position c. bilateral symmetry d. anterior symmetry
c. bilateral symmetry
The basic unit of structure and function in the human body is a(n): Answers: a. DNA molecule b. atom c. cell d. gene
c. cell
Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are: Answers: a. flagella b. microvilli c. cilia d. microtubules
c. cilia
A sequence of three base pairs forms a: Answers: a. anticodon b. polypeptide bond c. codon d. amino acid
c. codon
A hypertonic solution is one that: Answers: a. contains the same concentration of solute as the cell b. contains a lesser concentration of solute than the cell c. contains a greater concentration of solute than the cell
c. contains a greater concentration of solute than the cell
Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane? Answers: a. receptor site for messages b. self-identification c. control center of the cell d. selective barrier
c. control center of the cell
The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of: Answers: a. diffusion b. dialysis c. filtration d. osmosis
c. filtration
An individual's entire set of DNA can be referred to as: Answers: a. cytokinesis b. chromatid c. genome d. chromosome
c. genome
Twenty-three chromosomes per cell is referred to as: Answers: a. dioid b. diploid c. haploid d. myoid
c. haploid
Which of the following is not true of RNA? Answers: a. it is a single strand b. the obligatory base pairs are adenine and uracil, and guanine and cytosine c. it contains deoxyribose sugar d. it contains uracil rather than thymine
c. it contains deoxyribose sugar
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a living substance? Answers: a. conductivity b. secretion c. stability d. reproduction
c. stability
The lungs are located in the: Answers: a. mediastinum b. abdominal cavity c. thoracic cavity d. cranial cavity
c. thoracic cavity
The plane which divides the individual into upper and lower parts is the: Answers: a. superficial plane b. frontal plane c. transverse plane d. sagittal plane
c. transverse plane
Two major cavities of the human body are: Answers: a. axial/appendicular b. visceral/parietal c. ventral/dorsal d. inferior/superior
c. ventral/dorsal
All of the following occur as a result of meiosis except: Answers: a. primitive sex cells become mature gametes b. unequal cytokinesis occurs in the process of oogenesis c. four sperm cells are formed d. chromosome number remains at 46
d. chromosome number remains at 46
All of the following are examples of passive transport except: Answers: a. dialysis b. osmosis c. filtration d. endocytosis
d. endocytosis
Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called: Answers: a. pinocytosis b. osmosis c. dialysis d. facilitated diffusion
d. facilitated diffusion
Which of the following best describes anatomy: a. examining the physiology of life b. using devices to investigate parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure c. studying the unusual manner in which an organism responds to painful stimuli d. investigating human structure via dissections and other methods
d. investigating human structure via dissections and other methods
Physiology: a. is concerned with organisms and does not deal with different levels of organization such as cells and systems b. investigates the body's structure c. recognizes the unchanging (as opposed to the dynamic) nature of things d. is the science that examines the function of living organisms and their parts
d. is the science that examines the function of living organisms and their parts
When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis? Answers: a. telophase b. anaphase c. prophase d. metaphase
d. metaphase
ATP production occurs within which organelle? Answers: a. Golgi apparatus b. rough endoplasmic reticulum c. flagellum d. mitochondrion
d. mitochondrion
Withdrawing from a painful stimulus is an example of: Answers: a. secretion b. growth c. excretion d. responsiveness
d. responsiveness
Metabolism refers to: Answers: a. an organization of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function b. the chemical basis of life c. a subdivision of physiology d. the sum total of all the physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body
d. the sum total of all the physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body
The correct arrangement of the phases of mitosis is: Answers: a. anaphase, telophase, metaphase, prophase b. none of these c. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase d. anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase e. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
e. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
The kind of RNA that carries information in groups of three nucleotides called codons, each of which codes for a specific amino acid.
mRNA
Chromosomes align along the equator of spindle fibers.
metaphase
associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis.
rRNA
The kind of RNA that has an anticodon and binds to a specific amino acid
tRNA
Chromosomes elongate into chromatin form and spindle fibers disappear.
telophase
Process that occurs when the double strands of a DNA segment separate, and RNA nucleotides pair with DNA nucleotides.
transcription
Process involving the synthesis of polypeptide chains at the ribosome in response to the information contained in mRNA molecules.
translation
Process involving the movement of the mRNA with respect to the ribosome.
translocation
