Astronomy A: Unit 3 - Practice Test
1- created three principles to define dark and light spectral lines 2- discovered sunspots 3- introduced the sunspot cycle 4- discovered the differential rotation of the Sun 5- found that pairs of sunspots have opposite polarities 6- discovered helium on the Sun 7- invented the spectroscope 8- discovered the magnetic nature of sunspots
1- Gustav Kirchhoff 2- Johannes Fabricius 3- Heinrich Schwabe 4- Richard Carrington 5- George Hale 6- Joseph Lockyer 7- Joseph von Fraunhofer 8- Pieter Zeeman
The Sun has a(n) _____-year magnetic cycle.
22
Sunspots begin to emerge between _____ degrees.
30 and 35
_____ means to force away by pushing.
Buffet
_____ lines in a spectrum that are thicker than normal indicate a magnetic field.
Dark
_____ forms when a deuteron captures a third proton.
Helium-3
_____ means to make less dense.
Rarefied
To _____ means to take away or remove something.
abstract
What does spectroscopy reveal about objects under investigation?
all of these
When two helium-3 nuclei unite, a light form of a(n) _____ nucleus is produced.
beryllium
In a(n) _____ spectrum, only certain distinct wavelengths are present.
bright-line
The _____ spectrum is an unbroken array of all colors.
continuous
Solar turbulence is produced by a process called _____.
convection
The absence of bright-line spectra indicate _____ temperatures.
cool or cold
In a(n) _____ spectrum, some wavelengths are missing.
dark-line
A(n) _____ is a substance consisting of only one kind of atom.
element
A(n) _____ spectrum indicated the presence of the heat needed to vaporize elements.
emission
Differential, or unequal, rotation is when material closer to the equator spins _____ than material farther away.
faster
The nuclear reaction where lighter atoms are bonded together with heavier atoms is called _____.
fusion
The presence of _____ in the photosphere shows the sun to be turbulent.
granules
After its formation, _____ does not enter into the Sun's atomic process again.
helium-4
A deuteron becomes a heavy _____ nucleus.
hydrogen
When _____ occurs, an electron leaves the atom entirely.
ionization
Granules last up to eight _____, while sunspots can last for months.
minutes
The normal atomic state is to be electrically _____.
neutral
The _____ is the Sun's glowing disk, or "light globe."
photosphere
A spot of intensely glowing atoms on the photosphere is a _____.
plage
Another name for a hydrogen nucleus is a(n) _____.
proton
The process by which heat and light reach from the Sun to Earth is called _____.
radiation
A moving light source shifts toward the _____ of the spectrum.
red or blue
A collision between atomic particles is necessary to overcome the natural _____ between them.
repulsion
Ultraviolet and x-ray radiation, together with high-speed electrons, that escapes the Sun is called _____.
solar winds
A(n) _____ is an empty space.
void
