Astronomy A: Unit 3 - Practice Test

1- created three principles to define dark and light spectral lines 2- discovered sunspots 3- introduced the sunspot cycle 4- discovered the differential rotation of the Sun 5- found that pairs of sunspots have opposite polarities 6- discovered helium on the Sun 7- invented the spectroscope 8- discovered the magnetic nature of sunspots

1- Gustav Kirchhoff 2- Johannes Fabricius 3- Heinrich Schwabe 4- Richard Carrington 5- George Hale 6- Joseph Lockyer 7- Joseph von Fraunhofer 8- Pieter Zeeman

The Sun has a(n) _____-year magnetic cycle.

22

Sunspots begin to emerge between _____ degrees.

30 and 35

_____ means to force away by pushing.

Buffet

_____ lines in a spectrum that are thicker than normal indicate a magnetic field.

Dark

_____ forms when a deuteron captures a third proton.

Helium-3

_____ means to make less dense.

Rarefied

To _____ means to take away or remove something.

abstract

What does spectroscopy reveal about objects under investigation?

all of these

When two helium-3 nuclei unite, a light form of a(n) _____ nucleus is produced.

beryllium

In a(n) _____ spectrum, only certain distinct wavelengths are present.

bright-line

The _____ spectrum is an unbroken array of all colors.

continuous

Solar turbulence is produced by a process called _____.

convection

The absence of bright-line spectra indicate _____ temperatures.

cool or cold

In a(n) _____ spectrum, some wavelengths are missing.

dark-line

A(n) _____ is a substance consisting of only one kind of atom.

element

A(n) _____ spectrum indicated the presence of the heat needed to vaporize elements.

emission

Differential, or unequal, rotation is when material closer to the equator spins _____ than material farther away.

faster

The nuclear reaction where lighter atoms are bonded together with heavier atoms is called _____.

fusion

The presence of _____ in the photosphere shows the sun to be turbulent.

granules

After its formation, _____ does not enter into the Sun's atomic process again.

helium-4

A deuteron becomes a heavy _____ nucleus.

hydrogen

When _____ occurs, an electron leaves the atom entirely.

ionization

Granules last up to eight _____, while sunspots can last for months.

minutes

The normal atomic state is to be electrically _____.

neutral

The _____ is the Sun's glowing disk, or "light globe."

photosphere

A spot of intensely glowing atoms on the photosphere is a _____.

plage

Another name for a hydrogen nucleus is a(n) _____.

proton

The process by which heat and light reach from the Sun to Earth is called _____.

radiation

A moving light source shifts toward the _____ of the spectrum.

red or blue

A collision between atomic particles is necessary to overcome the natural _____ between them.

repulsion

Ultraviolet and x-ray radiation, together with high-speed electrons, that escapes the Sun is called _____.

solar winds

A(n) _____ is an empty space.

void