ATI Engage Pediatrics -- Gastrointestinal system

A nurse is providing education for the parents of a toddler who experiences frequent vomiting. Which of the following statements accurately describes the potential impact of frequent vomiting? "Frequent vomiting does not impact a toddler's growth." "Frequent vomiting does not affect cognitive development." "Frequent vomiting may cause a child to feel less distressed about vomiting." "Frequent vomiting may cause nutritional deficiencies."

Frequent vomiting may cause nutritional deficiencies

The nurse is providing education for the parents of a 2 month old infant who has gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Which of the following responses should the nurse give to clarify the pathophysiology? -GER occurs when muscle at the bottom of the infant's food pipe is weak, causing milk or formula to flow back up. -GER is a condition where the muscle at the outlet of the stomach thickens, causing milk and formula to flow back up. -GER is a condition where the stomach lining is inflamed, causing milk and formula to flow back up. -GER is a condition where the upper intestines develop sores, causing milk and formula to flow back up.

GER occurs when muscle at the bottom of the infant's food pipe is weak, causing milk or formula to flow back up.

An emergency department nurse is caring for a 2 year old toddler who has dehydration due to diarrhea and no past medical history. The toddler presents with lethargy and has not had any urine output in the last 12 hr. Which of the following treatments should the nurse expect the provider to prescribe? -Oral rehydration solution (ORS) at a rate of 200 mL/5 kg of body weight -IV bolus of 20 mL/kg of 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) over 10 to 20 min -IV bolus of 10 mL/kg of 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) over 10 to 20 min -Maintenance IV fluid rate of dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) with 20 mEq of potassium

IV bolus of 20 mL/kg of 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) over 10 to 20 min

A nurse is weighing and measuring a 9 month old infant who has failure to thrive (FTT). The growth chart notes that the growth trajectory falls below the fifth percentile. which of the following is the most likely cause of FTT for an infant? -Inadequate stimulation -Inadequate nutrition -Familial short stature -Gastrointestinal parasite

Inadequate nutrition

A nurse is providing education to parents of a toddler at a well-child checkup. Which of the following statements should the nurse include when discussing the prevention of food aversion or neophobia in young children? -Restrict the toddler's diet to familiar foods to prevent negative food associations. -Take away the toddler's favorite toy when they refuse to try new foods. -Introduce new foods to the toddler's diet frequently and encourage tasting. -Discourage the toddler from expressing dislikes to prevent negative food associations.

Introduce new foods to the toddler's diet frequently and encourage tasting.

A school nurse is caring for a 6 year old child who has been experiencing constipation. The nurse is explaining to a nursing student that children who has constipation are at an increase risk of psychosocial problems. Which of the following factors contribute to this risk? (Select all that apply) -Longer duration of illness -Older age of onset -Lack of interest in extracurricular activities -Fecal incontinence -Living in rural areas

Longer duration of illness Older age of onset Fecal incontinence Living in rural areas

A nurse is caring for an infant who has cleft lip and cleft palate. Which of the following communication techniques is therapeutic for infants? -Speak loudly and clearly to capture the infant's attention. -Maintain a friendly expression and use a soft, calm voice. -Use a firm touch to stimulate the infant's response. -Avoid responding to the infant's nonverbal cues to prevent overstimulation.

Maintain a friendly expression and use a soft, calm voice.

A nurse is caring for a 3 year old toddler who has a fever and mild dehydration. the parents a concerned that their toddler may also have abdominal pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to check for pain in the toddler? -Ask the toddler to describe the pain using words the parents use. -Observe for nonverbal cues such as facial expressions and body language. -Use the numeric pain scale to measure the intensity of the toddler's pain. -Encourage the toddler to express their pain at their own pace without interrupting.

Observe for nonverbal cues such as facial expressions and body language

A nurse is caring for a 1 year old child who has a history of diarrhea for the past 2 days. the child is alert, oriented, and has one wet diaper in the last 6 hr. Which of the following actions is most appropriate for encouraging hydration in this situation? -Providing electrolyte drinks through a syringe -Introducing frozen banana slices to encourage the 1-year-old child to eat -Offering the child a choice between a yellow or orange popsicle -Offering apple juice in a bottle or sippy cup

Providing electrolyte drinks through a syringe

A nurse is providing education for the parents of a newborn who has cleft palate. The parents express concern about when and how the cleft palate occurred. Which of the following response by the nurse is correct? "Cleft palate is when the esophagus does not develop properly during the sixth week of pregnancy." "Cleft palate occurs due to an increase in amniotic fluid during the first twelve weeks of pregnancy." "Cleft palate occurs due to a deficiency of folic acid in the second trimester of pregnancy." "Cleft palate is the incomplete fusion of the roof of the mouth during the sixth or seventh week of gestation."

"Cleft palate is the incomplete fusion of the roof of the mouth during the sixth or seventh week of gestation."

A nurse is providing education to the parents of a 6-year-old child who has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which of the following statements by the parent indicates a need for further teaching? "Chewing gum can be helpful for our child in reducing reflux symptoms." "We will encourage our child to avoid acidic drinks and eating spicy foods." "It's okay if our child has a snack right before bedtime since they're still young." "We'll elevate the head of our child's bed using a wedge to help reduce reflux."

"It's okay if our child has a snack right before bedtime since they're still young."

A nurse is caring for a 4 year old preschooler who is vomiting. which of the following statements indicates the guardian understands the most underlying cause of vomiting in children? "My child is most likely vomiting because of a food allergy." "My child is most likely vomiting due to the stomach bug their friend had." "My child is most likely vomiting because they ate too much candy today." "My child is most likely vomiting due to stress about starting preschool."

"My child is most likely vomiting due to the stomach bug their friend had."

A nurse is providing education with the parents of a child who has constipation. The provider has prescribed polyethylene glycol (PEG). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? "Expect a bowel movement within a few hours after giving polyethylene glycol." "Give polyethylene glycol only when the child appears visibly uncomfortable due to constipation." "Give polyethylene glycol with food to enhance its effectiveness." "Notify your provider if your child experiences abdominal distension."

"Notify your provider if your child experiences abdominal distension."

A nurse is caring for a newborn who has a cleft lip. Which of the following statements by the parents indicates a need for further teaching regarding the management of cleft lip? "We should use a special bottle with a squeezable nipple to control the flow of milk." "We can gently clean the infant's mouth with a soft cloth after feedings." "We should start dental care early, even before the infant gets teeth." "We should wait to see a speech therapist until our child is speaking."

"We should wait to see a speech therapist until our child is speaking."

A telehealth nurse takes a call from a parent of an infant. The parent explains, "My 3-month-old has been having diarrhea for the past 24 hours and hasn't been able to eat or drink very much. Now they seem to be a little more sleepy than normal." Which of the following should the telehealth nurse be most concerned about? Dehydration Celiac disease Rotavirus Allergic reaction to formula

Dehydration

A nurse is caring for an 8 month of infant brought into the emergency department. An 8-month-old infant is brought to the ED with severe abdominal pain, inconsolable crying, vomiting, and red currant-like stools. Abdomen is tender with a sausage-shaped mass in the upper right quadrant. Ultrasound confirms intussusception. Vital signs: temp 102.2°F, HR 184/min, BP 85/50 mm Hg. Pediatric surgeon notified for urgent evaluation. Weight 9 kg. Monitoring pain and vital signs closely. The client is at highest risk of (anemia, blood clots, hypoxia, sepsis) as evidenced by the (heart rate, temperature, respiratory rate, blood pressure)

The client is at highest risk of Sepsis as evidenced by the temperature

A nurse is collaborating with a nursing student in caring for a 3-year-old toddler who has onset of feeding issues. Which of the following statements should the nurse give when the students asks about leaking causes of feeding issues in toddlers? "Feeding issues in toddlers are commonly due to an underlying congenital defect." "Feeding issues in toddlers are commonly due to fear of certain foods." "Feeding issues in toddlers are commonly due to cognitive delay." "Feeding issues in toddlers are commonly due to oral motor skills."

Feeding issues in toddlers are commonly due to fear of certain foods

A nurse is providing education for the parents of an infant who has pyloric stenosis. Which of the following statements by the parents indicates they understand the underlying cause of pyloric stenosis? "The pylorus is not producing enough stomach acid, leading to vomiting." "There is a blockage in the intestines, causing the food to come back up." "The muscles around the pylorus have become too thick, causing a blockage that leads to vomiting." "An overproduction of digestive enzymes in the stomach causes vomiting."

The muscles around the pylorus have become too thick, causing a blockage that leads to vomiting.

A nurse is conducting a home visit for a 9 month old infant who has failure to thrive. The infant's parent has a full tie job and attends graduate school. the parent suspects the infant may have malabsorption disorder. Which of the following psychosocial risk factors should the nurse identify as a likely contributing factor to the infant's FTT? -Parent education -Underlying medical condition -Time scarcity -Infant's age

Time scarcity

A nurse is caring for a 4 year old child who has vomiting and diarrhea. A 4-year-old child presents with a 2-day history of gastroenteritis, vomiting, and diarrhea. The child is lethargic, has dry mucous membranes, and decreased urine output. Capillary refill >4 seconds, and no urine output for 24 hours. IV fluids given (320 mL normal saline), but child remains lethargic. Temperature 37.5°C, HR 118/min, BP 91/52 mm Hg, RR 22/min. Monitoring closely. Caregiver reports the last diaper was dark with a strong odor. Weight 15.87 kg (35 lb). Select 3 findings that require a follow-up. Urinary output Capillary refill Respiratory rate Blood pressure Behavior Heart rate

Urinary output Behavior Capillary refil

A nurse is caring for a child who has been newly diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. The parent asks the nurse to tell them more about the condition. Which of the following responses should the nurse include? "Anorexia nervosa is considered an indication of rebellion." "Anorexia nervosa is learned from others, such as friends or influencers." "Anorexia nervosa can lead to rigid patterns of eating." "Anorexia nervosa distorts the way a person's self-image but does not impact physical activity."

Anorexia nervosa can lead to rigid patterns of eating.

A nurse is caring for a child who has abdominal pain. This visit: A child is admitted with right lower quadrant abdominal pain, rebound tenderness, and positive Rovsing's sign. Pain started 20 hours ago and worsened over time. Mild nausea, no vomiting or urinary symptoms. Temperature 37.2°C, heart rate 98/min, blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg. WBC 12,500/mm3. Diagnosis: appendicitis. Appendectomy scheduled. Pain reported as 7/10, reduced to 3/10 after 1 mg IV morphine. Child is alert and oriented, with no significant medical or family history. For each potential provider's prescription, click to specify if the potential prescription is anticipated or contraindicated for the client. There must be at least 1 selection in every row. There does not need to be a selection in every column. Laxative Liquid diet Heat to the abdomen IV fluids Analgesics for pain IV antibiotics

Anticipated: IV antibiotics Analgesics for pain IV fluids Contraindicated: Liquid diet Laxative Heat to the abdomen

A nurse is caring for an infant who has celiac disease. The parents ask the nurse for clarification after the provider explained the pathophysiology to them. Which of the following answers should the nurse provider for the parent? "Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder resulting from an intolerance to gluten." "Celiac disease results from developing negative attitudes towards food and eating." "Celiac disease occurs when the intestine telescopes within itself." "Celiac disease results in the leaking of fecal matter from the rectum."

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder resulting for an intolerance to gluten