EMT Chapters 23, 24, 25

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.

100 mL

While the ages can vary, women typically experience menstruation from approximately _________ to ____________ years of age.

11; 50

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.

20%

A fall from more than _____ times the patient's height is considered to be significant.

3

Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. His Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is:

9

Which of the following destinations is most appropriate for a 41-year-old male patient who was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision and is unconscious and unresponsive, assuming that travel times to each is equal?

A Level I or Level II trauma center

What mechanism(s) does the body use to control bleeding?

A. Clotting B. Coagulation C. Vasoconstriction

If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ________.

A. apply direct pressure first B. use large or small gauze pads or dressings depending upon the size of the wound C. cover the entire wound, above and below, with the dressing

Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

Air splint

During gynecologic emergencies, in addition to the standard SAMPLE questions, the EMT should attempt to determine which of the following?

Amount of time since the patient's last menstrual cycle, the possibility that the patient may be pregnant, if the patient is sexually active

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?

Aortic rupture

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely lead to pelvic inflammatory disease if left untreated?

Chlamydia

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?

Deployment of the air bag

___ pregnancy and spontaneous abortion are two conditions that can cause vaginal bleeding in women who do not appear to be pregnant and who may not realize they are pregnant.

Ectopic

Causes of vaginal bleeding include which of the following?

Ectopic pregnancy, Vaginal trauma, Spontaneous abortion

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?

Energy transmission to the spine

Which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion (shock)?

Gastrointestinal system

Which of the following infections, when left untreated, may lead to infection of the blood and brain?

Gonorrhea

In cases of sexual assault, it is important to ensure that you do which of the following?

Immediately write down your observations of the scene before assessing the patient, call for a female EMT or ALS care provider, discuss with law enforcement any suspicions that you may have about the perpetrator.

Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct?

Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in both men and women.

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

Patient complaints of pain during intercourse, lower abdominal discomfort, and nausea may be indicative of which of the following?

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured?

Platelets collect at the injury site

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height?

Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma?

Rapid transport to a trauma center

Which portion of the blood carries oxygen to and wastes away from body tissues?

Red blood cells

Which section of the heart receives deoxygenated blood?

Right

Which of the following drugs is commonly referred to as "roofies"?

Rohypnol

Which of the following is considered a type of motor vehicle collision?

Rollover

Which types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?

Rotational and rollover

A young boy was riding his bicycle down the street when he hit a parked car. What was the second collision?

The bike rider hitting his bike or the car

Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?

The filtering of blood cells in the spleen

Which of the following findings would be the MOST significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?

The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto).

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?

The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.

___ can cause significant blood loss and lead to hypovolemia.

Vaginal bleeding

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

A patient with pelvic inflammatory disease will typically complain of _________.

abdominal pain associated with menstruation

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:

ability of the blood to effectively clot.

A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should:

administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay.

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:

applying local direct pressure.

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then:

assess for an exit wound.

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

assist the patient's ventilations

Left untreated, _____ can lead to premature birth or low birth weight in pregnant women.

bacterial vaginosis

In anticipation of receiving a fertilized ovum, the lining of the uterine wall:

becomes engorged with blood.

The onset of menstruation usually occurs in women who are:

between 11 and 16 years of age.

An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:

body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).

The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as:

cavitation.

Often the most important intervention for a sexual assault patient is _____ and transport to a facility with a staff specially trained to deal with this scenario.

comforting reassurance

Your _____ is the best tool to gain the patient's confidence to seek medical help.

compassion

Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include:

coughing up blood.

A compression injury to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching of the posterior portion is called a(n) ___ brain injury.

coup-contrecoup

Significant clues to the possibility of severe injuries in motor vehicle collisions include:

death of a passenger.

Air bags are designed to:

decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:

dizziness upon standing.

It is common for young females who experience their first menstrual period to:

experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted.

The _____________ connect(s) each ovary with the uterus.

fallopian tubes

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first:

follow appropriate standard precautions.

You are called to the scene of a possible assault. Upon arrival, you are directed by police to a dark room where you find a 22-year-old woman who says she was sexually assaulted by a coworker this afternoon. The patient tells you that she would really like to be transported to the hospital but refuses a physical examination. You should:

follow your system's refusal of treatment policy and respect the patient's wishes without judgment.

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

gastrointestinal bleeding.

Symptoms of ___ appear approximately 2 to 10 days after exposure.

gonorrhea

Painful urination associated with burning and a yellowish discharge is associated with:

gonorrhea.

According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she:

has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma.

The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the:

headrest is appropriately positioned.

Awareness of and concern for potentially serious obvious and underlying injuries is referred to as the:

index of suspicion.

Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of:

intracranial bleeding.

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she:

is ejected or partially ejected.

If a woman with vaginal bleeding reports syncope, the EMT should assume that she:

is in shock.

The __________ and _________ are folds of tissue that surround the urethral and vaginal openings.

labia majora; labia minora

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during:

lateral collisions.

The physical examination of a sexual assault victim should be:

limited to a brief survey for life-threatening injuries.

The most common presenting sign of pelvic inflammatory disease is:

lower abdominal pain.

When caring for a woman who is experiencing a gynecologic emergency, the EMT's main focus should be to:

maintain her ABCs and transport without delay.

In contrast to bleeding caused by external trauma to the vagina, bleeding caused by conditions such as polyps or cancer:

may be relatively painless.

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:

neck and facial injuries.

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that:

osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position.

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:

pain and distention.

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______.

perfusion

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:

pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

When caring for a female patient who has been sexually assaulted, you should:

place any bloodstained clothing or other articles in separate paper bags.

If a patient with vaginal bleeding presents with a rapid pulse and pale or cool skin, you should:

place the patient in a supine position with her legs elevated.

When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that:

primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.

Law enforcement personnel request your assistance to assess a 31-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on a curb outside her apartment. She is conscious, alert, and crying. When you ask her what happened, she tells you that she does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. She further tells you that all she wants to do is clean up. You should:

provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma.

A patient complaining of chest tightness, coughing up blood, and subcutaneous emphysema following an explosion may be suffering from a:

pulmonary blast injury.

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:

quadruples.

When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant:

remains in motion until acted upon by an external force.

The systemic veins function by:

returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Some women experience ___________ during ovulation.

slight cramping

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:

spleen.

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by:

splinting the extremity.

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to:

stabilize her entire spine.

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT:

systolic blood pressure.

The EMT should ensure that vaginal bleeding is _________.

taken seriously and the patient is transported for gynecologic evaluation

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.

Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that:

the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.

According to the Association of Air Medical Services, you should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if:

traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome.

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be:

weakness or dizziness.

Force acting over a distance is the definition of:

work

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.