Atoms and Periodic Table
What do all living things contain?
Carbon
What are valence electrons?
Electrons farthest from the nucleus
What is H2?
Hydrogen (diatonic particle)
What metal is liquid at room temperature?
Mercury
What are examples of diatomic molecules?
O2 N2 and H2
What are actinides?
Rare earth metals typically man made and radioactive
How do you find the number of neutrons?
Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass
What is metalloids most useful property?
Their ablitity to conduct electricity
How do chemical bonds form?
When valence electrons are shared
Are halogens reactive?
Yes, very reactive
What does an atom consist of?
a nucleus surrounded by one or more electrons
What is phosphorus
a stable, very reactive non metal
What does an electron dot diagram contain? (2 things)
a symbol for each element and dot for each valence electron,
Where is the atomic number located?
above the element symbol
What are the second row of rare metals on the periodic table?
actinides
What group on the periodic table are only found in compounds, not elements?
alkali metals
What metals are the most reactive?
alkali metals
Which metal is more reactive, alkali metals, or alkaline earth metals?
alkali metals
What unit is an atoms mass measured in?
amu
What is a chemical symbol?
an abbreviated name of an element.
What does Thomson's Plum Pudding Model look like? (1897)
atoms as tiny, solid spheres
Where is the average atomic mass located?
below the chemical symbol
what seven elements are metalloids?
boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium and polonium
What is an example of an alloy? (3)
brass, steel and bronze
What does ductile mean?
can be drawn into wires
What does malleable mean?
can be hammered into shape
The first letter of a chemical symbol is always (?) and the second letter is always (?)
capital, lowercase
What does nuclear fusion do?
combines smaller nuclei into larger nuclei
What are two uppercase letters in chemical symbols?
compounds
What can carbon do?
determine how old remains are
What are physical properties of non metals?
dull, brittle, low density, and poor conductors
How many electrons does the second level hold?
eight
How many electrons does the third level hold?
eighteen
Where does an atoms volume come from?
electrons
What is the periodic tables structure on?
electrons and valence electrons
What does the Rutherford model look like? (1911)
electrons imbedded in a sphere
What does the Bohr model look like? (1913)
electrons in energy level (shells)
How can an elements properties be predicted?
from its location in the periodic table
What are the vertical lines on a periodic table called
groups
What physical traits do transition metals have? (2)
hard and shiny
What does reactive mean?
how likely an element is to undergo a chemical change
What do 90% of atoms come from?
hydrogen
Where does nuclear fusion occur?
inside stars
What are the first row of rare metals on the periodic table?
lanthides
Which way do you have to go across the periodic table for elements to become less reactive?
left to right
What are the reasons for the two letters in chemical symbols?
location of discovery, or the person who discovered it
What does calcium chloride do?
melt snow
What are most of the elements on the periodic table?
metal
What are the three types of elements on the periodic table?
metal, non metals, metalloids
What is an alloy?
mixture of metals
What kind of charge do electrons have?
negative
What is 80% of the atmosphere?
nitrogen gas
Is the amu of every atom the same?
no
What kind of charge does a neutron have?
no charge
Are Alkaline-earth metals found free in nature?
no, they are not found in nature
Do noble gasses gain, share, or lose electrons
no, they do not
Does group 18 react easily?
no, they do not react
How reactive are transition metals?
not very reactive
What does the number of periods indicate on the periodic table?
number of energy levels
What does the atomic number represent?
number of protons in the nucleus
What does the group number indicate?
number of valence electrons
Where are metalloids located on the periodic table?
on the border between metals and non metals
What does group 18 contain
only non metals
What is O2?
oxygen you breathe
What is O3?
ozone
What are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called?
periods
How do chemists classify an element
physical and chemical properties
What kind of charge does a proton have?
positive
What are lanthanides?
rare earth metals
What state are most metals at room temperature?
solid
When did noble gasses start to get discovered
the 1800s
What if the number of protons and electrons are equal?
the atom is neutral
Where are the rare earth metals located on the periodic table?
the bottom of the periodic table for convenience
What is a supernova?
the explosion of a star that causes extreme temperatures
What is the name of the group on the periodic table based on?
the first element in the group
Where is most of the atoms mass?
the nucleus
What is the nucleus?
the positively charged central core of an atom
What is the mass number?
the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.
Where is hydrogen located on the periodic table?
the upper left corner
What happens during chemical bonds?
there is a gain, loss, or electrons are shared
Are alkaline earth metals good conductors or not?
they are good conductors
Are alkaline earth metals hard or soft?
they are hard
Does group 18 gain lose or share electrons?
they do not gain lose or share electrons
Why are noble gasses named noble gasses?
they do not mix well with other elements
What happens to valence electrons when they move from metals to non metals?
they go from losing valence electrons to gaining or sharing valence electrons
What happens to number of valence electrons when chemical bonds are formed? (2 things)
they increase to eight or they are all given up
Do alkaline earth metals lose, gain, or share valence electrons in a chemical reaction?
they lose valence electrons
What does corrosive mean?
to gradually destroy something
Where are non metals located on the table?
to the right
How many electrons can the first level hold?
two
What are the diatomic molecules?
two identical atoms
Is the number of neutrons and protons the same?
yes
Do non metals form compounds easily?
yes, they form compounds easily because of valence electrons
Does group 17 react easily
yes, they react easily
How many electrons are in hydrogen?
1
How many electrons does the halogen group share or gain?
1
How many protons are in hydrogen?
1
How many valence electrons does alkali metals have?
1
What group are the alkali metals?
1
What is one proton and one neutron equal to? (amu)
1 amu
What is the range of number of valence electrons?
1-8
What group on the periodic table are metals, non metals, and metalloids?
13-16
What group is the carbon family in?
14
What groups contain all three classes? (metals, non metals, and metalloids)
14 and 15
What group is the nitrogen family in?
15
What group is the oxygen family in?
16
What group is the halogens?
17
How many groups are on the periodic table?
18
What group are the noble gases in?
18
How many electrons does oxygen gain or share?
2
How many valence electrons do alkaline earth metals have?
2
What group are alkaline earth metals?
2
How many electrons does it take to make one amu?
2000 electrons
What group on the periodic table are transition metals?
3-12
How many valence electrons does the nitrogen family have?
5
How many valence electrons is in the oxygen family
6
What periods are rare earth metals on the periodic table?
6-7
How many valence electrons does the halogen group have?
7
How many valence electrons are in noble gasses?
8